Electricity Tariffs
Definition: The amount of money frame by the supplier for the supply of electrical energy to various types of consumers in known as an electricity tariff. In other words, the tariff is the methods of charging a consumer for consuming electric power. The tariff covers the total cost of producing and supplying electric energy plus a reasonable cost.
Short notes
Below is list of MCQ for TARIFFS AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS in electrical engineering chapter. Students are advised to practice all the below given MCQ to get check their understanding of the topic.
Objective questions (Answers are given below)
- While calculating the cost of electric power generation,
which of the following is NOT considered
a fixed cost ?
(a) interest on capital investment
(b) taxes and insurance
(c) most of the salaries and wages
(d) repair and maintenance. - Maximum demand of an installation is given
by its
(a) instantaneous maximum demand
(b) greatest average power demand
(c) average maximum demand over a definite
interval of time during a certain period.
(d) average power demand during an interval
of 1-minute. - A diversity factor of 2.5 gives a saving of
…………. percent in the generating equipment.
(a) 60
(b) 50
(c) 40
(d) 25.
- Mark the WRONG statement.
High load factor of a generating equipment
(a) leads to lesser charges per kWh
(b) implies lower diversity in demand
(c) gives more profit to the owner
(d) can be obtained by accepting off-peak
loads. - In a generating station, fixed, charges at 100%
load factor are 6 paise/kWh. With 25% load
factor, the charges would become ……………
paise/kWh.
(a) 1.5
(b) 10
(c) 24
(d) 3 - When considering the economics of power
transmission, Kelvin’s law is used for finding
the
(a) cost of energy loss in bare conductors
(b) most economical cross-section of the con
ductors
(c) interest on capital cost of the con- ductor
(d) the maximum voltage drop in feeders. - A 3-phase balanced system working at 0.9
lagging power factor has a line loss of 3600
kW. If p.f. is reduced to 0.6, the line loss would
become …………………… kW.
(a) 8100
(b) 1600
(c) 5400
(d) 2400. - Mark the WRONG statement.
While considering power factor improve- ment,
the most economical angle of lag depends on
the
(a) cost/kVA rating of phase advancer
(b) rate of interest on capital outlay
(c) rate of depreciation
(d) value of original lagging p.f. angle. - Load factor of a power station is defined as
(a) maximum demand / average load
(b) average load × maximum demand
(c) average load / maximum demand
(d) (average load × maximum demand)½ - Load factor of a power station is generally
(a) equal to unity
(b) less than unity
(c) more than unity
(d) equal to zero - Diversity factor is always
(a) equal to unity
(b) less than unity
(c) more than unity
(e) more than twenty - Load factor for heavy industries may be taken
as
(a) 10 to 20%
(b) 25 to 40%
(c) 50 to 70%
(d) 70 to 80% - The load factor of domestic load is usually
(a) 10 to 15%
(b) 30 to 40%
(c) 50 to 60%
(d) 60 to 70% - Annual depreciation cost is calculated by
(a) sinking fund method
(b) straight line method
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above - Depreciation charges are high in case of
(a) thermal plant
(b) diesel plant
(c) hydroelectric plant - Demand factor is defined as
(a) average load/maximum load
(b) maximum demand/connected load
(c) connected load/maximum demand
(d) average load × maximum load - High load factor indicates
(a) cost of generation per unit power is
increased
(b) total plant capacity is utilised for most of
the time
(c) total plant capacity is not properly
utilised for most of the time
(d) none of the above - A load curve indicates
(a) average power used during the period
(b) average kWh (kW) energy consumption
during the period
(c) either of the above
(d) none of the above - Approximate estimation of power demand can
be made by
(a) load survey method
(b) statistical methods
(c) mathematical method
(d) economic parameters
(e) all of the above
- Annual depreciation as per straight line method,
is calculated by
(a) the capital cost divided by number of year
of life
(b) the capital cost minus the salvage value,
is divided by the number of years of life
(c) increasing a uniform sum of money per
annum at stipulated rate of interest
(d) none of the above - A consumer has to pay lesser fixed charges in
(a) flat rate tariff
(b) two part tariff
(c) maximum demand tariff
(d) any of the above - In two part tariff, variation in load factor will
affect
(a) fixed charges
(b) operating or running charges
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) either (a) & (b) - In Hopkinson demand rate or two part tariff
the demand rate for fixed charges are
(a) dependent upon the energy consumed
(b) dependent upon the maximum demand of
the consumer
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) and (b) - Which plant can never have 100 percent load
factor?
(a) Peak load plant
(b) Base load plant
(c) Nuclear power plant
(d) Hydro electric plant - The area under a load curve gives
(a) average demand
(b) energy consumed
(c) maximum demand
(d) none of the above - Different generating stations use following
prime movers
(a) diesel engine
(b) hydraulic turbine
(c) gas turbine
(d) steam turbine
(e) any of the above - Diversity factor has direct effect on the
(a) fixed cost of unit generated
(b) running cost of unit generated
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b) - Following power plant has instant starting
(a) nuclear power plant
(b) hydro power plant
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above - Which of the following generating station has
minimum running cost?
(a) Nuclear
(b) Hydro
(c) Thermal
(d) Diesel - Power plant having maximum demand more
than the installed rated capacity will have
utilisation factor
(a) equal to unity
(b) less than unity
(c) more than unity
(d) none of the above - Load curve is useful in deciding the
(a) operating schedule of generating units
(b) sizes of generating units
(c) total installed capacity of the plant
(d) all of the above - Load curve of a power plant has always
(a) zero slope
(b) positive slope
(c) negative slope
(d) any combination of (a), (b) and (c) - Annual operating expenditure of a power plant
consists of
(a) fixed charges
(b) semi-fixed charges
(c) running charges
(d) all of the above - Maximum demand on a power plant is
(a) the greatest of all ‘‘short time interval
averaged’’ demand during a period
(b) instantaneous maximum value of kVA
supplied during a period
(c) both (a) or (b)
(d) none of the above - Annual instalment towards depreciation
reduces as rate of interest increases with
(a) sinking fund depreciation
(b) straight line depreciation
(c) reducing balances depreciation
(d) none of the above - Annual depreciation of the plant is
proportional to the earning capacity of the plant
vide
(a) sinking fund depreaciation
(b) straight line depreciation
(c) reducing balances depreciation
(d) none of the above
- For high value of diversity factor, a power
station of given installed capacity will be in
a position to supply
(a) less number of consumers
(b) more number of consumers
(c) neither (a) nor (b)
(d) either (a) or (b) - Salvage value of the plant is always
(a) positive
(b) negative
(c) zero
(d) any of the above - Load curve helps in deciding
(a) total installed capacity of the plant
(b) size of the generating units
(c) operating schedule of generating units
(d) all of the above - ……… can generate power at unpredictable or
uncontrolled times.
(a) Solar power plant
(b) Tidal power plant
(c) Wind power plant
(d) Any of the above - Direct conversion of heat into electric power
is possible through
(a) fuel cell
(b) batteries
(c) thermionic converter
(d) all of the above - A low utilization factor for a plant indicates
that
(a) plant is used for stand by purpose only
(b) plant is under maintenance
(c) plant is used for base load only
(d) plant is used for peak load as well as base
load - Which of the following is not a source of
power?
(a) Thermocouple
(b) Photovoltaic cell
(c) Solar cell
(d) Photoelectric cell - Which of the following should be used for
extinguishing electrical fires?
(a) Water
(b) Carbon tetrachloride fire extinguisher
(c) Foam type fire extinguisher
(d) CO2 fire extinguisher - Low power factor is usually not due to
(a) arc lamps
(b) induction motors
(c) fluorescent tubes
(d) incandescent lamp - Ships are generally powered by
(a) unclear power plants
(b) hydraulic turbines
(c) diesel engines
(d) steam accumulators
(e) none of the above - Direct conversion of heat into electrical energy
is possible through
(a) fuel cells
(b) solar cells
(c) MHD generators
(d) none of the above - Which of the following place is not associated
with nuclear power plants in India?
(a) Narora
(b) Tarapur
(c) Kota
(d) Benglore - During load shedding
(a) system power factor is changed
(b) some loads are switched off
(c) system voltage is reduced
(d) system frequency is reduced - Efficiency is the secondary consideration in
which of the following plants?
(a) Base load plants
(b) Peak load plants
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above - Air will not be the working substance in which
of the following?
(a) Closed cycle gas turbine
(b) Open cycle gas turbine
(c) Diesel engine
(d) Petrol engine - A nuclear power plant is invariably used as a
(a) peak load plant
(b) base load plant
(c) stand-by plant
(d) espinning reserve plant
(e) any of the above - ……..power plant is expected to have the
longest life.
(a) Steam
(b) Diesel
(c) Hydroelectric
(d) Any of the above
- ……. power plant cannot have single unit of
100 MW.
(a) Hydroelectric
(b) Nuclear
(c) Steam
(d) Diseal
(e) Any of the above - Which of the following, in a thermal power
plant, is not a fixed cost?
(a) Fuel cost
(b) Interest on capital
(c) Depreciation
(d) Insurance charges - ……. will offer the least load.
(a) Vacuum cleaner
(b) Television
(c) Hair dryer
(d) Electric shaver - In …….. fuel transportation cost is least.
(a) nuclear power plants
(b) diesel generating plants
(c) steam power stations - Which of the following equipment provides
fluctuating load?
(a) Exhaust fan
(b) Lathe machine
(c) Welding transformer
(d) All of the above - The increased load during summer months is
due to
(a) increased business activity
(b) increased water supply
(c) increased use of fans and air conditioners
(d) none of the above - ……. is the reserved generating capacity
available for service under emergency
conditions which is not kept in operation but
in working order.
(a) Hot reserve
(b) Cold reserve
(c) Spinning reserve
(d) Firm power - Generating capacity onnected to the bus bars
and ready to take load when switched on is
known as …….
(a) firm power
(b) cold reserve
(c) hot reserve
(d) spinning reserve - ……. offers the highest electric load.
(a) Television set
(b) Toaster
(c) Vacuum cleaner
(d) Washing machine - ……. industry has the least power consumption
per tonne of product.
(a) Soap
(b) Sugar
(c) Vegetable oil
(d) Caustic soda - With reference to a power station which of the
following is not a fixed cost?
(a) Fuel cost
(b) Interest on capital
(c) Insurance changes
(d) Depreciation - ……. is invariably used as base load plant.
(a) Diesel engine plant
(b) Nuclear power plant
(c) Gas turbine plant
(d) Pumped storage plant - In a power plant if the maximum demand on
the plant is equal to the plant capacity, then
(a) plant reserve capacity will be zero
(b) diversity factor will be unity
(c) load factor will be unity
(d) load factor will be nearly 60% - In case of ……. fuel transportation is the major
problem.
(a) diesel power plants
(b) nuclear power plants
(c) hydro-electric power plants
(d) thermal power plants - Which of the following power plants need the
least period for installation?
(a) Thermal power plant
(b) Diesel power plant
(c) Nuclear power plant
(d) Hydro-electric power plant - For which of the following power plants highly
skilled engineers are required for running the
plants?
(a) Nuclear power plants
(b) Gas turbine power plants
(c) Solar power plants
(d) Hydro-electric power plants
- In which of the following power plants the
maintenance cost is usually high?
(a) Nuclear power plant
(b) Hydro-electric power plants
(c) Thermal power plants
(d) Diesel engine power plants - ……. is inveriably used for peak load
(a) Nuclear power lant
(b) Steam turbine plant
(c) Pumped storage plant
(d) None of the above - Which of the following is not an operating
cost?
(a) Maintenance cost
(b) Fuel cost
(c) Salaries of high officials
(d) Salaries of operating stall - Which of the following is the essential
requirement of peak load plant?
(a) It should run at high speed
(b) It should produce high voltage
(c) It should be small in size
(d) It should be capable of starting quickly - Large capacity generators are invariably
(a) water cooled
(b) natural air cooled
(c) forced air cooled
(d) hydrogen cooled - By the use of which of the following power
factor can be improved?
(a) Phase advancers
(b) Synchronous compensators
(c) Static capacitors
(d) Any of the above - An induction motor has relatively high power
factor at
(a) rated r.p.m.
(b) no load
(c) 20 percent load
(d) near full load
(e) none of the above - Which of the following is the disadvantage
due to low power factor?
(a) Poor voltage regulation
(b) Increased transmission losses
(c) High cost of equipment for a given load
(d) All of the above - In a distribution system, in order to improve
power factor, the synchronous capacitors are
installed
(a) at the receiving end
(b) at the sending end
(c) either (a) or (b)
(d) none of the above - Satic capacitors are rated in terms of
(a) kW
(b) kWh
(c) kVAR
(d) none of the above - Base load plants usually have …….. capital
cost, ……. operating cost and …….. load factor.
(a) high, high, high
(b) high, low, high
(c) low, low, low
(d) low, high, low - Which of the following is the disadvantage of
a synchronous condenser?
(a) High maintenance cost
(b) Continuous losses in motor
(c) Noise
(d) All of the above - For a consumer the most economical power
factor is generally
(a) 0.5 lagging
(b) 0.5 leading
(c) 0.95 lagging
(d) 0.95 leading - A synchronous condenser is virtually which of
the following?
(a) Induction motor
(b) Underexcited synchronous motor
(c) Over excited synchronous motor
(d) D.C. generator
(e) None of the above - For a power plant which of the following
constitutes running cost?
(a) Cost of wages
(b) Cost of fuel
(c) Cost of lubricants
(d) All of the above
- In an interconnected system, the diversity factor
of the whole system
(a) remains unchanged
(b) decreases
(c) increases
(d) none of the above - Generators for peak load plants are usually
designed for maximum efficienty at
(a) 25 to 50 percent full load
(b) 50 to 75 percent full load
(c) full load
(d) 25 percent overload - …….. will be least affected due to charge in
supply voltage frequency.
(a) Electric clock
(b) Mixer grinder
(c) Ceiling fan
(d) Room heater - For the same maximum demand, if load factor
is decreased, the cost generation will
(a) remain unchanged
(b) decrease
(c) increase - The connected load of a domestic consumer is
around
(a) 5 kW
(b) 40 kW
(c) 80 kW
(d) 120 kW - Which of the following is not necessarily an
advantage of interconnecting various power
stations?
(a) Improved frequency of power supplied
(b) Reduction in total installed capacity
(c) Increased reliability
(d) Economy in operation of plants - A power transformer is usually rated in
(a) kW
(b) kVAR
(c) kWh
(d) kVA - ……. public sector undertaking is associated
with erection and sometimes running of
thermal power plants
(a) NTPC
(b) SAIL
(c) BEL
(d) BHEL - Most efficient plants are normally used as
(a) peak load plants
(b) base load plants
(c) either (a) or (b)
(d) none of the above - For a diesel generating station the useful life
is expected to be around
(a) 15 to 20 years
(b) 20 to 50years
(c) 50 to 75 years
(d) 75 to 100 years - Which of the following is not a method for
estimating depreciation charges?
(a) Sinking fund method
(b) Straight line method
(c) Diminishin value method
(d) Halsey’s 50–50 formula - The expected useful life of an hydroelectric
power station is around
(a) 15 years
(b) 30 years
(c) 60 years
(d) 100 years - In a load curve the highest point represents
(a) peak demand
(b) average demand
(c) diversified demand
(d) none of the above - Which of the following source of power is
least reliable?
(a) Solar energy
(b) Geothermal power
(c) Wind power
(d) MHD - In Indial production and distribution of
electrical energy is confined to
(a) private sector
(b) public sector
(c) government sectors
(d) joint sector
(e) none of the above - A pilot exciter is provided on generators for
which of the following reasons?
(a) To excite the poles of main exciter
(b) To provide requisite starting torque to
main exciter
(c) To provide requisit starting torque to
generator
(d) None of the above
- The primary reason for low power factor is
supply system is due to installation of
(a) induction motors
(b) synchronous motors
(c) single phase motors
(d) d.c. motors - an over excited synchronous motor on no-load
is known as
(a) syachronous condenser
(b) generator
(c) induction motor
(d) alternator - Which of the following is an advantage of
static capacitor for power factor improvement?
(a) Little maintenance cost
(b) Ease in installation
(c) Low losses
(d) All of the above - For any type of consumer the ideal tariff is
(a) two part tariff
(b) three part tariff
(c) block rate tariff
(d) any of the above - The efficiency of a plant is of least concern
when it is selected as
(a) peak load plant
(b) casual run plant
(c) either (a) or (b)
(d) base load plant - Power generation cost reduces as
(a) diversity factor increases and load factor
decreases
(b) diversity factor decreases and load factor
increases
(c) both diversity factor as well as load factor
decrease
(d) both diversity factor as well as load factor
increase - The depreciation charges in diminishing value
method are
(a) light in early years
(b) heavy in early years
(c) heavy in later years
(d) same in all years - The area under daily load curve divided by
24 hours gives
(a) average load
(b) least load
(c) peak demand
(d) total kWh generated - Maximum demand tariff is generally not
applied to domestic consumers because
(a) they consume less power
(b) their load factor is low
(c) their maximum demand is low
(d) none of the above - A 130 MW generator is usually ……. cooled
(a) air
(b) oxygen
(c) nitrogen
(d) hydrogen - For cooling of large size generators hydrogen
is used because
(a) it is light
(b) it offers reduced fire risk
(c) it has high thermal conductivity
(d) all of the above - Major share of power produced in India is
through
(a) diesel power plants
(b) hydroelectric power plants
(c) thermal power plants
(d) nuclear power plants - Which of the following may not be the effect
of low plant operating power factor?
(a) Improved illumination from lighting
(b) Reduced voltage level
(c) Over loaded transformers
(d) Overloaded cables - Which of the following plants is almost
inevitably used as base load plant?
(a) Diesel engine plant
(b) Gas turbine plant
(c) Nuclear power plant
(d) Pumped storage plant - Which of the following component, in a steam
power plant, needs maximum maintenance
attention?
(a) Steam turbine
(b) Condenser
(c) Water treatment plant
(d) Bioler - For the same cylinder dimensions and speed,
which of the following engine will produce
least power?
(a) Supercharged engine
(b) Diesel engine (c) Petrol engine (d) All of the above engines will equal power
- The least share of power is provided in India,
by which of the following power plants?
(a) Diesel power plants
(b) Thermal power plants
(c) Hydro-electric power plants
(d) Nuclear power plants - Submarines for under water movement, are
powered by which of the following?
(a) Steam accumulators
(b) Air motors
(c) Diesel engines
(d) Batteries - An alternator coupled to a ……. runs at slow
speed, as compared to as compared to others.
(a) diesel engine
(b) hydraulic turbine
(c) steam turbine
(d) gas turbine - The effect of electric shock on human body
depends on which of the following
(a) current
(b) voltage
(c) duration of cantact
(d) all of the above - Which lightening stroke is most dangerous?
(a) Direct stroke on line conductor
(b) Indirect stroke on conductor
(c) Direct stroke on tower top
(d) Direct stroke on ground wire - Which of the following devices may be used
to provide protection against lightening over
voltages?
(a) Horn gaps
(b) Rod gaps
(c) Surge absorbers
(d) All of the above - When the demand of consumers is not met by
a power plant, it will resort to which of the
following?
(a) Load shedding
(b) Power factor improvement at the
generators
(c) Penalising high load consumers by
increasing the charges for electricity
(d) Efficient plant operation. - Load shedding is possible through which of
the following?
(a) Switching of the loads
(b) Frequency reduction
(c) Voltage reducteion
(d) Any of the above - In power plants insurance cover is provided
for which of the following?
(a) Unskilled workers only
(b) Skilled workers only
(c) Equipment only
(d) All of the above - A company can raise funds through
(a) fixed deposits
(b) shares
(c) bonds
(d) any of the above - Which of the following are not repayable after
a stipulated period?
(a) Shares
(b) Fixed deposits
(c) Cash certificates
(d) Bonds - The knowledge of diversity factor helps in
determining
(a) plant capacity
(b) average load
(c) peak load
(d) kWh generated
(e) none of the above - Load shedding is done to
(a) improve power factor
(b) run the equipment efficiently
(c) repair the machine
(d) reduce peak demand - when a plant resorts to load shedding it can
be concluted that
(a) peak demand is more than the installed
capacity
(b) daily load factor is unity
(c) diversity factor is zero
(d) plant is under repairs - Which of the following is the disadvantage of
static capacitor for power factor improvement?
(a) Easily damaged by high voltage
(b) Cannot be repaired
(c) Short service life
(d) All of the above - If the tariff for electrical energy charages
provides incentive by way of reduced charges
for higher consumption, then it can be
concluede that
(a) Load factor is unity
(b) power is generated through hydroelectric
plant
(c) plant has sufficient reserve capacity
(d) station has more than two generators
- Anything having some heat value can be
used as fuel in case of
(a) open cycle gas turbines
(b) closed cycle gas turbines
(c) petrol engines
(d) diesel engines
- (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8.(d) 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (c) 13.(a) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (e) 20. (b) 21. (c) 22.(b) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (e) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29.(b) 30. (c) 31. (d) 32. (d) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (a) 36.(c) 37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (d) 40. (d) 41. (c) 42. (a) 41.(a) 44. (b) 45. (d) 46. (c) 47. (c) 48. (d) 49. (b) 50.(b) 51. (a) 52. (b) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (d) 57.(a) 58. (c) 59. (c) 60. (b) 61. (d) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64.(a) 65. (b) 66. (a) 67. (d) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (c) 71.(c) 72. (c) 73. (d) 74. (d) 75. (d) 76. (d) 77. (d) 78.(a) 79. (c) 80. (b) 81. (d) 82. (c) 83. (c) 84. (d) 85.(c) 86. (b) 87. (f) 88. (c) 89. (a) 90. (a) 91. (d) 90.(a) 93. (b) 94. (a) 95. (d) 96. (d) 97. (a) 98. (c) 99.(b) 100. (a) 101. (a) 102. (a) 103. (d) 104. (b) 105. (c) 106.(d) 107. (b) 108. (a) 109. (c) 110. (d) 111. (d) 112. (c) 113.(a) 114. (c) 115. (d) 116. (d) 117. (a) 118. (d) 119. (b) 120.(d) 121. (a) 122. (d) 123. (a) 124. (d) 125. (c) 126. (d) 127.(d) 128. (a) 129. (d) 130. (a) 131. (d) 132. (c) 133. (b)
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ELEMENTS OF ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
D.C. GENERATORS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
ARMATURE REACTION AND COMMUTATION- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
GENERATOR CHARACTERISTICS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
D.C. MOTOR- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
SPEED CONTROL OF D.C. MOTORS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
TESTING OF D.C. MACHINES- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
TRANSFORMER- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
TRANSFORMER: THREE PHASE- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
INDUCTION MOTOR- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
COMPUTATIONS AND CIRCLE DIAGRAMS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
ALTERNATORS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
SPECIAL MACHINES- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
D.C. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
A.C. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
ELECTRIC TRACTION- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRIC MOTORS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
RATING AND SERVICE CAPACITY- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF A.C. MOTORS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
ELECTRIC HEATING- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
ELECTRIC WELDING- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
ILLUMINATION- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
TARIFFS AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
P-N JUNCTION DIODE- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
SPECIAL DIODES- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
DC POWER SUPPLIES- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
REGULATED POWER SUPPLY- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
LOAD LINES AND DC BIAS CIRCUITS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
TRANSISTOR EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS AND MODELS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
SINGLESTAGE TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
MULTISTAGE AND FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
BREAKDOWN DEVICES- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
SINUSOIDAL AND NONSINUSOIDAL OSCILLATORS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
MODULATION AND DEMODULATION- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
OP-AMP AND ITS APPLICATIONS- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
LOGIC GATES- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC FAMILIES- Questions, MCQ and Short notes
FLIP-FLOPS AND RELATED DEVICES- Questions, MCQ and Short notes