Class 4 EVS (Our Wondrous World) Chapter 8, How Things are Made, joins Pihu and her mother to discover that paper comes from trees (wood pulp), learn the step-by-step craft of making recycled handmade paper and colouring it with natural plant dyes, compare paper types, and practise the 5Rs of waste management.
What Class 4 EVS Chapter 8 Covers
Making Recycled Paper & Natural Dyes tears old newspaper into small bits, soaks and mashes it with fenugreek (methi) into pulp, spreads it evenly on a mesh frame, and presses/dries it into handmade paper coloured with turmeric, beetroot, or spinach dyes.
Types of Paper & the 5Rs of Waste Management compares tissue paper, newspaper, drawing sheets, and thick cardboard, and practises the 5Rs: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, and Recycle to save trees, water, and energy.
Exercises in Chapter 8
- Let us Reflect, Think and Answer, and in-text observation questions.
- Hands-on classroom experiments, nature trail logs, and community interviews.
Read Class 4 EVS Chapter 8 Online
More Chapters
- Previous: Chapter 7: How Things Work
- Next: Chapter 9: Different Lands, Different Lives
- Hindi medium: Class 4 EVS Chapter 8 PDF in Hindi (Hamara Adbhut Sansar)
- All EVS chapters and the other Class 4 books: Class 4 NCERT books 2026-27
- All Class 1 to 12 NCERT Textbooks: NCERT Books PDF (Class 1–12)
FAQ
How is paper made in factories versus recycled handmade paper?
Factory paper is made from wood pulp obtained by cutting down trees and using large amounts of water and energy, whereas recycled handmade paper is made by soaking and pulping old used paper without cutting new trees.
What are the 5Rs of waste management taught in Chapter 8?
Refuse (say no to single-use waste), Reduce (use both sides of paper carefully), Reuse (use bags/containers multiple times), Repurpose (turn old items into useful crafts), and Recycle (process waste paper into new paper).