Class 10 Maths (Ganit) Chapter 1 PDF: वास्तविक संख्याएँ (Real Numbers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 1, Real Numbers, opens the NCERT Class 10 Mathematics textbook (2026-27) with the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, prime factorisation for finding HCF and LCM, and proofs by contradiction that √2, √3 and √5 are irrational. What Class 10 Mathematics (Ganit — Hindi Medium) Chapter 1 Covers 1.1 & 1.2 The Fundamental … Read more

Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 PDF: Polynomials

Class 10 Maths Chapter 2, Polynomials, connects the geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial (x-intercepts of $y = p(x)$) with the algebraic relationship between the zeroes and coefficients of quadratic and cubic polynomials. What Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Covers 2.1 & 2.2 Geometrical Meaning of the Zeroes of a Polynomial shows that … Read more

Class 10 Science Chapter 9 (Old Chapter 10) PDF: Light – Reflection and Refraction

Class 10 Science Chapter 9 (formerly Chapter 10), Light – Reflection and Refraction, opens the physics section of the NCERT Class 10 Science textbook (2026-27). It covers image formation by spherical mirrors (concave and convex) and spherical lenses, the New Cartesian Sign Convention, the mirror and lens formulas, refractive index, Snell’s law, and power of … Read more

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 PDF: Minerals and Energy Resources (Contemporary India II)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5, Minerals and Energy Resources, explains the modes of occurrence of minerals in igneous/metamorphic veins and lodes, sedimentary beds, residual masses and placer deposits, maps India’s ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic mineral belts, and compares conventional and non-conventional sources of energy. What Class 10 Social Science (Geography) Chapter 5 Covers Mode of … Read more

Class 10 History Chapter 1 PDF: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Class 10 History Chapter 1, The Rise of Nationalism in Europe, opens India and the Contemporary World II (2026-27) with Frédéric Sorrieu’s 1848 utopian print and traces how the French Revolution (1789), Napoleon’s Civil Code of 1804, liberal nationalism, the 1815 Treaty of Vienna, Romanticism, the 1848 revolutions, and the unifications of Germany, Italy and … Read more