“Adventures of Ibn Battuta” is an engaging travel narrative adapted by Janet Hardy-Gould from Ibn Battuta’s world-famous 14th-century travelogue, Rihla. The story is presented as a conversation in Tangier, Morocco, where the elderly scholar Ibn Battuta shares memories of his travels with his inquisitive 11-year-old nephew, Ahmed.
Born into a family of respected Islamic judges in Tangier, Ibn Battuta studied law. At the age of twenty-one, he set out on his very first journey, a holy pilgrimage (Hajj) to Makkah, riding a donkey. His travels took him through Algiers to Constantine, where a generous ruler gifted him a fine new coat. When he fell severely ill on the road, his companions placed him on his donkey and kept the animal moving toward Tunis. There, he was chosen as the official judge of a pilgrim caravan.
In Alexandria, he saw the ruins of the famous Pharos lighthouse and met a holy man named Burhan Al-Din, who prophetically foresaw that Ibn Battuta would travel as far as India and China. Inspiring his lifelong passion for exploration, Ibn Battuta visited Cairo and its ancient pyramids, rode camels across hot deserts filled with hungry hyenas, and visited Jerusalem, Damascus, Medina, and Makkah. Seeking further adventure, he traveled through Persia, observing towns ruined by Mongol invasions. In Wasit, he witnessed astonishing acts where ascetics walked into fires and ate live snakes. After visiting Baghdad and performing additional pilgrimages in Makkah, he embarked on his first hazardous sea voyage, embarking on a life journey that made him one of history’s greatest world explorers.
Journey – To go to different places, travel / ,
Pilgrimage – A journey to a holy place /
Caravan – A group of people traveling together for safety / ,
Pyramid – A massive stone structure with triangular sides meeting at a point /
In ruins – In an old, broken, or destroyed condition /
Hyena – A wild dog-like carnivorous animal /
Prophet / Holy man – A spiritual person who can foresee the future / ,
Tangier: Major city in Morocco
Tunis: Capital city of Tunisia
Alexandria: Major port city in Egypt
Cairo: Capital city of Egypt
Nile: Major river in Egypt
Baghdad: Capital city of Iraq
Wasit: Historical place in Eastern Iraq
Algiers: Capital city of Algeria
Constantine: City in northeastern Algeria
Arabia / Makkah / Medina: Sacred cities in Saudi Arabia
Jerusalem: Historic capital city of Palestine
Damascus: Capital city of Syria
Persia: Modern-day Iran
“अडवेंचर्स ऑफ इब्न बतूता” (इब्न बतूता के साहसिक कारनामे) जेनेट हार्डी-गूल्ड द्वारा अनुकूलित एक प्रसिद्ध यात्रा वृत्तांत है, जो 14वीं शताब्दी के महान मोरक्कन विद्वान और यात्री इब्न बतूता की ऐतिहासिक कृति रिहला पर आधारित है। यह पाठ मोरक्को के तांजियर शहर की पृष्ठभूमि में लिखा गया है, जहाँ वृद्ध इब्न बतूता अपने 11 वर्षीय भतीजे अहमद को अपनी रोमांचक यात्राओं की कहानियाँ सुनाते हैं।
तांजियर में न्यायाधीशों (काज़ियों) के परिवार में जन्मे इब्न बतूता ने कानून की पढ़ाई की। मात्र 21 वर्ष की आयु में गधे पर सवार होकर वे मक्का की पवित्र तीर्थयात्रा (हज) के लिए निकले। अल्जीयर्स से कॉन्सटेंटाइन पहुँचने पर वहाँ के उदार शासक ने उन्हें नया कोट भेंट किया। रास्ते में गंभीर रूप से बीमार पड़ने पर उनके साथियों ने उन्हें गधे पर बैठाकर आगे की यात्रा जारी रखी। ट्यूनिस पहुँचने पर उन्हें कारवां का न्यायाधीश चुना गया।
अलेक्जेंड्रिया में उन्होंने प्रसिद्ध फ़ारोस प्रकाशस्तंभ के अवशेष देखे और संत बुरहान अल-दीन से मिले, जिन्होंने भविष्यवाणी की कि वे भारत और चीन तक की यात्रा करेंगे। इसके बाद इब्न बतूता ने काहिरा के पिरामिड देखे, रेगिस्तान में खूँखार लकड़बग्घों का सामना किया, जेरूसलम, दमिश्क, मदीना और मक्का का भ्रमण किया। आगे फारस के कारवां के साथ यात्रा करते हुए उन्होंने मंगोलों द्वारा नष्ट किए गए शहरों को देखा। वासित शहर में उन्होंने साधुओं को आग में चलते और ज़हरीले साँपों को ज़िंदा खाते देखा। इसके बाद बगदाद और मक्का की पुनः यात्रा करते हुए उन्होंने अपनी पहली समुद्री यात्रा शुरू की और इतिहास के सबसे महान यात्रियों में शुमार हुए।
Journey – To go to different places, travel / यात्रा करना, भ्रमण करना
Pilgrimage – A journey to a holy place / तीर्थयात्रा
Caravan – A group of people traveling together for safety / कारवां, यात्रियों या व्यापारियों का दल
Pyramid – A massive stone structure with triangular sides meeting at a point / पिरामिड
Pharos – The ancient lighthouse of Alexandria / फ़ारोस (अलेक्जेंड्रिया का ऐतिहासिक प्रकाशस्तंभ)
In ruins – In an old, broken, or destroyed condition / खंडहर अवस्था में
Hyena – A wild dog-like carnivorous animal / लकड़बग्घा
Prophet / Holy man – A spiritual person who can foresee the future / संत, आध्यात्मिक व्यक्ति
Tangier: now Tangiers / तंजीयर
Tunis: ट्यूनिस
Alexandria: अलेक्जेंड्रिया
Cairo: काहिरा
Nile: नील नदी
Baghdad: बगदाद
Wasit: वासित
Algiers: अल्जीयर्स
Constantine: कॉन्सटेंटाइन
Arabia / Makkah / Medina: मक्का एवं मदीना
Jerusalem: जेरूसलम
Damascus: दमिश्क
Persia: Modern-फारस / ईरान
Section 2
Main Lesson Comprehension Questions
खंड
पाठ्यपुस्तक के बोध प्रश्न
Q1
Who was Ibn Battuta
इब्न बतूता 14वीं शताब्दी के एक प्रसिद्ध मोरक्कन…
📝 Question:
Who was Ibn Battuta?
💡 Solution:
Ibn Battuta was a famous 14th-century Moroccan Islamic scholar, judge, and world traveler who traveled extensively across North Africa, the Middle East, India, China, and beyond, recording his adventures in a famous book called Rihla.
📝 प्रश्न:
इब्न बतूता 14वीं शताब्दी के एक प्रसिद्ध मोरक्कन मुस्लिम विद्वान, न्यायाधीश और विश्व यात्री थे, जिन्होंने उत्तरी अफ्रीका, मध्य पूर्व, भारत, चीन आदि देशों की व्यापक यात्राएं कीं और अपनी पुस्तक रिहला में अपने अनुभवों को दर्ज किया।
💡 उत्तर / हल:
Ibn Battuta was a famous 14th-century Moroccan Islamic scholar, judge, and world traveler who traveled extensively across North Africa, the Middle East, India, China, and beyond, recording his adventures in a famous book called Rihla.
Q2
What was the first journey of Ibn Battuta
इब्न बतूता की पहली यात्रा मक्का की पवित्र…
📝 Question:
What was the first journey of Ibn Battuta?
💡 Solution:
His first journey was a pilgrimage (Hajj) to the holy city of Makkah, which he started at the age of twenty-one on a donkey from his home in Tangier.
📝 प्रश्न:
इब्न बतूता की पहली यात्रा मक्का की पवित्र तीर्थयात्रा (हज) थी, जो उन्होंने 21 वर्ष की आयु में गधे पर सवार होकर अपने गृहनगर तांजियर से शुरू की थी।
💡 उत्तर / हल:
His first journey was a pilgrimage (Hajj) to the holy city of Makkah, which he started at the age of twenty-one on a donkey from his home in Tangier.
Q3
To whom is Ibn Battuta narrating his journeys
इब्न बतूता तांजियर स्थित अपने घर में अपने…
📝 Question:
To whom is Ibn Battuta narrating his journeys?
💡 Solution:
Ibn Battuta is narrating his journeys to his eleven-year-old nephew, Ahmed, at his house in Tangier.
📝 प्रश्न:
इब्न बतूता तांजियर स्थित अपने घर में अपने 11 वर्षीय भतीजे अहमद को अपनी यात्राओं के किस्से सुना रहे हैं।
💡 उत्तर / हल:
Ibn Battuta is narrating his journeys to his eleven-year-old nephew, Ahmed, at his house in Tangier.
Q4
What does one learn by traveling around the…
इब्न बतूता के अनुसार दुनिया भर की यात्रा…
📝 Question:
What does one learn by traveling around the world, according to Ibn Battuta?
💡 Solution:
According to Ibn Battuta, traveling around the world teaches a person to see wonderful towns and cities, meet interesting people, experience exciting events, and learn how to face hardships (like illness, wild animals, and financial loss) to return home alive.
📝 प्रश्न:
इब्न बतूता के अनुसार, दुनिया भर की यात्रा करने से व्यक्ति सुंदर शहरों को देखना, दिलचस्प लोगों से मिलना, नए कारनामे करना और कठिन परिस्थितियों (बीमारी, जंगली जानवरों और धन की हानि) से बचकर घर वापस लौटने का जीवन कौशल सीखता है।
💡 उत्तर / हल:
According to Ibn Battuta, traveling around the world teaches a person to see wonderful towns and cities, meet interesting people, experience exciting events, and learn how to face hardships (like illness, wild animals, and financial loss) to return home alive.
Q5
Did Ibn Battuta discontinue his journey when he…
नहीं इब्न बतूता ने अपनी यात्रा बंद नहीं…
📝 Question:
Did Ibn Battuta discontinue his journey when he fell ill in Constantine? What did his friends do for him?
💡 Solution:
No, he did not discontinue his journey. When he fell ill and felt like dying, his friends placed him on his old donkey and hit the animal from behind to keep it moving quickly down the road toward Tunis.
📝 प्रश्न:
नहीं, इब्न बतूता ने अपनी यात्रा बंद नहीं की। जब वे बीमार पड़ गए और बिस्तर पर पड़े रहना चाहते थे, तो उनके साथियों ने उन्हें पुराने गधे पर बिठा दिया और गधे को पीछे से हाँककर ट्यूनिस की सड़क पर आगे बढ़ा दिया।
💡 उत्तर / हल:
No, he did not discontinue his journey. When he fell ill and felt like dying, his friends placed him on his old donkey and hit the animal from behind to keep it moving quickly down the road toward Tunis.
Q6
Were the travels of Ibn Battuta adventurous Give…
हाँ उनकी यात्राएँ रोमांच से भरी थीं क्योंकि…
📝 Question:
Were the travels of Ibn Battuta adventurous? Give reason(s) for your answer
💡 Solution:
Yes, his travels were full of adventure because he faced life-threatening illnesses, encountered wild hyenas in the desert that stole his belongings, survived long camel treks, witnessed strange events like men eating fire and live snakes in Wasit, and visited ancient ruins across different continents.
📝 प्रश्न:
हाँ, उनकी यात्राएँ रोमांच से भरी थीं क्योंकि उन्होंने जानलेवा बीमारियों का सामना किया, रेगिस्तान में सामान चुराने वाले खूँखार लकड़बग्घों से बचे, ऊँटों पर लंबी कठिन यात्राएँ कीं, और वासित में साधुओं द्वारा आग व ज़हरीले ज़िंदा साँप खाने जैसे अजीब दृश्यों के गवाह बने।
💡 उत्तर / हल:
Yes, his travels were full of adventure because he faced life-threatening illnesses, encountered wild hyenas in the desert that stole his belongings, survived long camel treks, witnessed strange events like men eating fire and live snakes in Wasit, and visited ancient ruins across different continents.
Q7
Ibn Battuta travelled around the world for various…
मेरे यात्रा करने के कारण नई संस्कृतियों को…
📝 Question:
Ibn Battuta travelled around the world for various reasons. What would be your reasons to travel?
💡 Solution:
My reasons to travel would be to explore diverse cultures, meet new people, visit historical monuments, enjoy natural beauty, learn different languages, and gain practical knowledge and independence in life.
📝 प्रश्न:
मेरे यात्रा करने के कारण नई संस्कृतियों को जानना, नए लोगों से मिलना, ऐतिहासिक स्मारकों व प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य को देखना, नई भाषाएं सीखना और व्यावहारिक ज्ञान व आत्मनिर्भरता प्राप्त करना होंगे।
💡 उत्तर / हल:
My reasons to travel would be to explore diverse cultures, meet new people, visit historical monuments, enjoy natural beauty, learn different languages, and gain practical knowledge and independence in life.
Section 3
Vocabulary Exercises
खंड
शब्द भंडार – ग्रिड एवं वाक्य रचना
Task: Circle the words in the wordsearch grid that you have come across in the lesson, and use them to make your own sentences.
(Grid Words Found: PILGRIMAGE, HOLY, PRAY, CARAVAN, TRAVEL, LIGHTHOUSE)
PILGRIMAGE:
Sentence: Every year, thousands of devotees go on a holy pilgrimage to Amarnath.
HOLY:
Sentence: Varanasi is a famous holy city situated on the banks of the river Ganga.
PRAY:
Sentence: We pray to God every morning for peace, good health, and wisdom.
CARAVAN:
Sentence: A large caravan of camels moved slowly across the hot desert sands.
TRAVEL:
Sentence: I love to travel to hill stations with my family during summer vacation.
LIGHTHOUSE:
Sentence: The bright beam from the lighthouse guided the ships safely toward the port.
हिंदी अनुवाद: हर साल हज़ारों श्रद्धालु अमरनाथ की पवित्र तीर्थयात्रा पर जाते हैं।
हिंदी अनुवाद: वाराणसी गंगा नदी के तट पर स्थित एक प्रसिद्ध पवित्र शहर है।
हिंदी अनुवाद: हम शांति, उत्तम स्वास्थ्य और सद्बुद्धि के लिए प्रतिदिन ईश्वर की प्रार्थना करते हैं।
हिंदी अनुवाद: ऊँटों का एक बड़ा कारवां गर्म रेगिस्तान की रेत पर धीरे-धीरे आगे बढ़ा।
हिंदी अनुवाद: मुझे गर्मियों की छुट्टियों में अपने परिवार के साथ पहाड़ी इलाकों की यात्रा करना पसंद है।
हिंदी अनुवाद: प्रकाशस्तंभ की तेज़ रोशनी ने जहाजों को सुरक्षित बंदरगाह की ओर जाने का रास्ता दिखाया।
Section 4
Grammar – Sentences and Fragments
खंड
वाक्य एवं अधूरा वाक्य-खंड
Sentence (S): A group of words arranged in order that expresses a complete meaning with a subject and a predicate verb.
Fragment (F): An incomplete group of words that lacks a main verb or subject and cannot stand on its own.
Sentence (S): A group of words arranged in order that expresses a complete meaning with a subject and a predicate verb.
Fragment (F): An incomplete group of words that lacks a main verb or subject and cannot stand on its own.
Task: Identify which groups of words are sentences (S) and which ones are fragments (F). Use appropriate punctuation marks for sentences.
After school on Friday -> F(Fragment)
We put food in the cat’s dish. -> S(Sentence)
The noise in the library -> F(Fragment)
From the post office to the mall -> F(Fragment)
Everyone worked hard on the project. -> S(Sentence)
We always order sweets on Saturday night. -> S(Sentence)
An advertisement on TV -> F(Fragment)
During the land acquisition in Chhattisgarh -> F(Fragment)
Whose bicycle is on the pavement? -> S(Sentence)
Due to the heavy rain and flooding -> F(Fragment)
Why is everyone so late? -> S(Sentence)
Happy day -> F(Fragment)
Working on the project -> F(Fragment)
Shut up! -> S(Sentence – Imperative Command)
In the forest -> F(Fragment)
हिंदी अनुवाद: वाक्य (S) और अधूरा वाक्य-खंड (F) की पहचान की गई तथा पूर्ण वाक्यों में उचित विराम चिन्ह (Full stop, Question mark, Exclamation mark) लगाए गए।
Section 5
Practice Exercise – V (Link Unit: Adventure)
खंड
Practice Exercise – V (Link Unit: Adventure)
Part I
Extract Exercises from “Adventures of Ibn Battuta”
भाग
Extract Exercises from “Adventures of Ibn Battuta”
Question
Comprehension Questions on Extract i Who asked Ibn…
ट्यूनिस से रवाना होने वाले यात्रियों के कारवां…
📝 Question:
Comprehension Questions on Extract: – i. Who asked Ibn Battuta to be the caravan judge?
💡 Solution:
The pilgrims in the caravan that left Tunis asked Ibn Battuta to be their caravan judge.
There wasn’t a lot to see in Pharos because the famous ancient lighthouse was in ruins.
Ibn Battuta felt happy because the holy man, Burhan Al-Din, foresaw that he would travel to India and China and meet many old friends on his journey.
He had India and China in mind when he thought he was going to go far.
📝 प्रश्न:
ट्यूनिस से रवाना होने वाले यात्रियों के कारवां ने इब्न बतूता से कारवां का न्यायाधीश (काज़ी) बनने का अनुरोध किया। – ii. Why wasn’t there a lot to see in Pharos? फ़ारोस में देखने के लिए बहुत कुछ नहीं था क्योंकि वह प्राचीन प्रकाशस्तंभ खंडहर में बदल चुका था। – iii. What made Ibn Battuta happy after talking to the holy man? संत बुरहान अल-दीन की यह बात सुनकर इब्न बतूता खुश हुए कि वे अपनी यात्रा में भारत और चीन तक जाएंगे और कई पुराने दोस्तों से मिलेंगे। – iv. Which places did Ibn Battuta have in mind when he thought that he was “going to go far”? ** जब उन्होंने सोचा कि वे “दूर तक जाएंगे”, तो उनके मन में भारत और चीन थे।
💡 उत्तर / हल:
The pilgrims in the caravan that left Tunis asked Ibn Battuta to be their caravan judge.
There wasn’t a lot to see in Pharos because the famous ancient lighthouse was in ruins.
Ibn Battuta felt happy because the holy man, Burhan Al-Din, foresaw that he would travel to India and China and meet many old friends on his journey.
He had India and China in mind when he thought he was going to go far.
Q9
True or False X Statements
True or False X Statements
📝 Question:
True (✓) or False (X) Statements:**
💡 Solution:
i. Ibn Battuta did not feel very happy when he was asked to be the judge. -> (X)(False, he was thrilled and said “Not bad work for a young man!”)
ii. Pharos was well kept. -> (X)(False, text states it was in ruins)
iii. The big lighthouse and Pharos were in Alexandria. -> (✓)(True)
iv. Burhan Al-Din could see things that were likely to happen. -> (✓)(True, he could see into the future)
v. Ibn Battuta dreamt that he was going to visit India and China. -> (X)(False, it was a prediction by a holy man, not a dream)
: (✓) (X)
📝 प्रश्न:
True (✓) or False (X) Statements:**
💡 उत्तर / हल:
i. Ibn Battuta did not feel very happy when he was asked to be the judge. -> (X)(False, he was thrilled and said “Not bad work for a young man!”)
ii. Pharos was well kept. -> (X)(False, text states it was in ruins)
iii. The big lighthouse and Pharos were in Alexandria. -> (✓)(True)
iv. Burhan Al-Din could see things that were likely to happen. -> (✓)(True, he could see into the future)
v. Ibn Battuta dreamt that he was going to visit India and China. -> (X)(False, it was a prediction by a holy man, not a dream)
हिंदी अनुवाद: सत्य (✓) एवं असत्य (X) कथनों का सत्यापन किया गया।
Q10
Vocabulary Replacement Options
Vocabulary Replacement Options
📝 Question:
Vocabulary Replacement Options:**
💡 Solution:
i. “Pharos was in ruins.”
a. not properly looked after
b. completely destroyed
c. fully repaired
Correct Option:b. completely destroyed(or in broken state)
: In ruins (completely destroyed)
ii. I left Tunis in a caravan of pilgrims.
a. tourists
b. worshippers
c. travellers
Correct Option:b. worshippers
: Pilgrims / (worshippers)
iii. Did you go up it?
a. visit
b. climb
c. see
Correct Option:b. climb
: Go up (climb)
iv. That’s a big lighthouse from long ago.
a. a tower guiding ships
b. a well-lit house
c. an electric power station
Correct Option:a. a tower guiding ships
: Lighthouse (a tower guiding ships)
📝 प्रश्न:
Vocabulary Replacement Options:**
💡 उत्तर / हल:
i. “Pharos was in ruins.”
a. not properly looked after
b. completely destroyed
c. fully repaired
Correct Option:b. completely destroyed(or in broken state)
हिंदी अनुवाद: In ruins का अर्थ पूरी तरह से नष्ट या खंडहर (completely destroyed) होना है।
ii. I left Tunis in a caravan of pilgrims.
a. tourists
b. worshippers
c. travellers
Correct Option:b. worshippers
हिंदी अनुवाद: Pilgrims का सही अर्थ श्रद्धालु/तीर्थयात्री (worshippers) है।
iii. Did you go up it?
a. visit
b. climb
c. see
Correct Option:b. climb
हिंदी अनुवाद: Go up का अर्थ ऊपर चढ़ना (climb) है।
iv. That’s a big lighthouse from long ago.
a. a tower guiding ships
b. a well-lit house
c. an electric power station
Correct Option:a. a tower guiding ships
हिंदी अनुवाद: Lighthouse का अर्थ जहाजों को दिशा दिखाने वाला टॉवर (a tower guiding ships) है।
Q11
Change into Reported Speech Fill in the Blanks
Change into Reported Speech Fill in the Blanks
📝 Question:
Change into Reported Speech (Fill in the Blanks):**
💡 Solution:
They asked me, “Can you be the judge in our caravan?”
Reported Speech: They asked me if / whether I could be the judge in their caravan.
‘I know,’ I said quickly. ‘That’s a big lighthouse from long ago. Did you go up it?’
Reported Speech: I responded quickly that I knew that was a big lighthouse from long ago and asked if he went up it.
“You’re going to visit India and China! And on your travels you’re going to meet many old friends!” I was happy about this.
Reported Speech: I was happy that I was going to visit India and China and on my travels I was going to meet many old friends.
: (Reported Speech)
📝 प्रश्न:
Change into Reported Speech (Fill in the Blanks):**
💡 उत्तर / हल:
They asked me, “Can you be the judge in our caravan?”
Reported Speech: They asked me if / whether I could be the judge in their caravan.
‘I know,’ I said quickly. ‘That’s a big lighthouse from long ago. Did you go up it?’
Reported Speech: I responded quickly that I knew that was a big lighthouse from long ago and asked if he went up it.
“You’re going to visit India and China! And on your travels you’re going to meet many old friends!” I was happy about this.
Reported Speech: I was happy that I was going to visit India and China and on my travels I was going to meet many old friends.
हिंदी अनुवाद: दिए गए वाक्यों को अप्रत्यक्ष कथन (Reported Speech) में पूर्ण किया गया।
Part II
Grammar – Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences
भाग
Grammar – Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences
Simple Sentence: Contains only one independent clause with a single finite verb.
Compound Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, so, yet).
Complex Sentence: Contains one main (principal) clause and at least one subordinate (dependent) clause joined by subordinating conjunctions (because, although, who, which, that, when, where).
Simple Sentence: Contains only one independent clause with a single finite verb.
Compound Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, so, yet).
Complex Sentence: Contains one main (principal) clause and at least one subordinate (dependent) clause joined by subordinating conjunctions (because, although, who, which, that, when, where).
Q12
Identify Simple Compound and Complex Sentences
Identify Simple Compound and Complex Sentences
📝 Question:
Identify Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences:**
💡 Solution:
i. We should eat healthy food. -> Simple Sentence
ii. Our English teacher is the only teacher who got the best writer’s prize this year. -> Complex Sentence
iii. The police found the lost car. -> Simple Sentence
iv. The police found the car that was lost. -> Complex Sentence
v. I can speak loudly. -> Simple Sentence
vi. Talk softly. -> Simple Sentence
vii. I watched the boy. -> Simple Sentence
viii. I watched the boy climb the tree. -> Simple Sentence
ix. He ran fast in the beginning and got tired soon. -> Compound Sentence
x. What he said made me laugh. -> Complex Sentence
xi. She knew that she would win the match. -> Complex Sentence
xii. The house where she lives is very old. -> Complex Sentence
xiii. Although he tried a lot he could not climb the wall. -> Complex Sentence
xiv. I waited for my turn the whole day long. -> Simple Sentence
xv. They came to the station well on time but waited there the whole day. -> Compound Sentence
xvi. The management and the staff announced the result. -> Simple Sentence(Compound subject with single verb ‘announced’)
xvii. She is generally nice but at times she can be rude. -> Compound Sentence
: 17 Simple, Compound Complex
📝 प्रश्न:
Identify Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences:**
💡 उत्तर / हल:
i. We should eat healthy food. -> Simple Sentence
ii. Our English teacher is the only teacher who got the best writer’s prize this year. -> Complex Sentence
iii. The police found the lost car. -> Simple Sentence
iv. The police found the car that was lost. -> Complex Sentence
v. I can speak loudly. -> Simple Sentence
vi. Talk softly. -> Simple Sentence
vii. I watched the boy. -> Simple Sentence
viii. I watched the boy climb the tree. -> Simple Sentence
ix. He ran fast in the beginning and got tired soon. -> Compound Sentence
x. What he said made me laugh. -> Complex Sentence
xi. She knew that she would win the match. -> Complex Sentence
xii. The house where she lives is very old. -> Complex Sentence
xiii. Although he tried a lot he could not climb the wall. -> Complex Sentence
xiv. I waited for my turn the whole day long. -> Simple Sentence
xv. They came to the station well on time but waited there the whole day. -> Compound Sentence
xvi. The management and the staff announced the result. -> Simple Sentence(Compound subject with single verb ‘announced’)
xvii. She is generally nice but at times she can be rude. -> Compound Sentence
हिंदी अनुवाद: उपर्युक्त 17 वाक्यों का साधारण, संयुक्त एवं मिश्रित वाक्यों में सटीक वर्गीकरण किया गया।
Q13
Combine Simple Sentences into Compound or Complex Sentences
Combine Simple Sentences into Compound or Complex Sentences
📝 Question:
Combine Simple Sentences into Compound or Complex Sentences:**
💡 Solution:
i. The food is nice. The restaurant is dirty.
Combined Sentence (Compound): The food is nice, but the restaurant is dirty.
ii. She recited a poem. It made the child smile.
Combined Sentence (Complex): She recited a poem which made the child smile.
iii. I was excited. Our caravan arrived in Alexandria.
Combined Sentence (Complex): I was excited when our caravan arrived in Alexandria.
iv. At night I like to watch TV. My sister likes to talk to grandma.
Combined Sentence (Compound): At night I like to watch TV, whereas my sister likes to talk to grandma.
v. The train had left the station. I reached the station.
Combined Sentence (Complex): The train had left the station before I reached there.
vi. He carried an umbrella. He got wet.
Combined Sentence (Complex / Compound): Although he carried an umbrella, he got wet. (or: He carried an umbrella, yet he got wet.)
vii. I live in an old flat. It was built 30 years ago.
Combined Sentence (Complex): I live in an old flat which was built 30 years ago.
: 30
viii. I got up quite early to catch the train. I missed it.
Combined Sentence (Compound): I got up quite early to catch the train, but I missed it.
📝 प्रश्न:
Combine Simple Sentences into Compound or Complex Sentences:**
💡 उत्तर / हल:
i. The food is nice. The restaurant is dirty.
Combined Sentence (Compound): The food is nice, but the restaurant is dirty.
हिंदी अनुवाद: खाना तो अच्छा है, लेकिन रेस्तरां गंदा है।
ii. She recited a poem. It made the child smile.
Combined Sentence (Complex): She recited a poem which made the child smile.
हिंदी अनुवाद: उसने एक कविता सुनाई जिसने बच्चे को मुस्कुराने पर मजबूर कर दिया।
iii. I was excited. Our caravan arrived in Alexandria.
Combined Sentence (Complex): I was excited when our caravan arrived in Alexandria.
हिंदी अनुवाद: जब हमारा कारवां अलेक्जेंड्रिया पहुँचा तो मैं बहुत उत्साहित था।
iv. At night I like to watch TV. My sister likes to talk to grandma.
Combined Sentence (Compound): At night I like to watch TV, whereas my sister likes to talk to grandma.
हिंदी अनुवाद: रात में मुझे टीवी देखना पसंद है, जबकि मेरी बहन को दादी से बातें करना पसंद है।
v. The train had left the station. I reached the station.
Combined Sentence (Complex): The train had left the station before I reached there.
हिंदी अनुवाद: मेरे स्टेशन पहुँचने से पहले ट्रेन स्टेशन से जा चुकी थी।
vi. He carried an umbrella. He got wet.
Combined Sentence (Complex / Compound): Although he carried an umbrella, he got wet. (or: He carried an umbrella, yet he got wet.)
हिंदी अनुवाद: यद्यपि उसने छाता ले रखा था, फिर भी वह भीग गया।
vii. I live in an old flat. It was built 30 years ago.
Combined Sentence (Complex): I live in an old flat which was built 30 years ago.
हिंदी अनुवाद: मैं एक पुराने फ्लैट में रहता हूँ जो 30 साल पहले बना था।
viii. I got up quite early to catch the train. I missed it.
Combined Sentence (Compound): I got up quite early to catch the train, but I missed it.
हिंदी अनुवाद: मैं ट्रेन पकड़ने के लिए काफी जल्दी उठा था, लेकिन मेरी ट्रेन छूट गई।
Part III
Speaking Task & Listening Exercises
भाग
Speaking Task & Listening Exercises
Q14
Discussion on Social Safety Situations
Discussion on Social Safety Situations
📝 Question:
Discussion on Social / Safety Situations:**
💡 Solution:
Situation 1 (Someone falling): I immediately rushed to help the person stand up and offered them water.
Situation 2 (A friend stepping into a hole): I pulled my friend back quickly and warned them about the open hole.
Situation 3 (Public smoking): I politely asked the person to smoke in a designated smoking area as public smoking harms others.
Situation 4 (Bully troubling a weaker person): I intervened bravely, gathered classmates, and reported the matter to the teacher.
Situation 5 (Children teasing someone): I stopped the children and explained that teasing causes emotional pain.
📝 प्रश्न:
Discussion on Social / Safety Situations:**
💡 उत्तर / हल:
Situation 1 (Someone falling): I immediately rushed to help the person stand up and offered them water.
Situation 2 (A friend stepping into a hole): I pulled my friend back quickly and warned them about the open hole.
Situation 3 (Public smoking): I politely asked the person to smoke in a designated smoking area as public smoking harms others.
Situation 4 (Bully troubling a weaker person): I intervened bravely, gathered classmates, and reported the matter to the teacher.
Situation 5 (Children teasing someone): I stopped the children and explained that teasing causes emotional pain.
हिंदी अनुवाद: दैनिक सामाजिक परिस्थितियों में लिए जाने वाले सकारात्मक और साहसी निर्णयों का विवरण।
Q15
Listening Task Mark True or False X based…
Listening Task Mark True or False X based…
📝 Question:
Listening Task – Mark True (✓) or False (X) based on Vivek Express Text:**
💡 Solution:
i. The Dibrugarh-Kanyakumari Vivek Express is the longest train journey in India. -> (✓)(True)
ii. The train passes through eight states. -> (X)(False, it passes through seven states)
iii. The most beautiful was the Furkating junction to Lumding (Assam). -> (✓)(True)
iv. There was a wide variety of food available in the train. -> (✓)(True)
v. The author could not find lemon tea in the train. -> (X)(False)
vi. The train completed its journey on time. -> (✓)(True)
📝 प्रश्न:
Listening Task – Mark True (✓) or False (X) based on Vivek Express Text:**
💡 उत्तर / हल:
i. The Dibrugarh-Kanyakumari Vivek Express is the longest train journey in India. -> (✓)(True)
ii. The train passes through eight states. -> (X)(False, it passes through seven states)
iii. The most beautiful was the Furkating junction to Lumding (Assam). -> (✓)(True)
iv. There was a wide variety of food available in the train. -> (✓)(True)
v. The author could not find lemon tea in the train. -> (X)(False)
vi. The train completed its journey on time. -> (✓)(True)
हिंदी अनुवाद: सुनने के अभ्यास (Appendix-I विवेक एक्सप्रेस) पर आधारित सत्य/असत्य चिन्हित किए गए।
Q16
Picture Story Writing The Two Wise Donkeys
Picture Story Writing The Two Wise Donkeys
📝 Question:
Picture Story Writing: “The Two Wise Donkeys”**
💡 Solution:
Hints:(donkey, tie together, patch of grass, pull against each other, can not reach the patch, think, solution, first patch, second patch)
Story:
Once upon a time, two hungry donkeys were tied together with a short rope around their necks. On either side of them lay two separate patches of lush green grass. Excited to eat, both donkeys immediately pulled forcefully in opposite directions toward their own chosen patch of grass. However, because the rope was too short, they kept pulling against each other and neither of them could reach any grass. They pulled and strained until they became exhausted and hungry.
Realizing that fighting was useless, they sat down together to think of a solution. Suddenly, one wise donkey suggested, “If we cooperate, we both can eat!” They decided to work as a team. First, both donkeys walked together to the first patch of grass and ate happily until they were full. Then, they walked together to the second patch of grass and enjoyed that as well.
Moral:Cooperation brings success, while pulling apart leads to defeat.
📝 प्रश्न:
Picture Story Writing: “The Two Wise Donkeys”**
💡 उत्तर / हल:
Hints:(donkey, tie together, patch of grass, pull against each other, can not reach the patch, think, हल, first patch, second patch)
Story:
Once upon a time, two hungry donkeys were tied together with a short rope around their necks. On either side of them lay two separate patches of lush green grass. Excited to eat, both donkeys immediately pulled forcefully in opposite directions toward their own chosen patch of grass. However, because the rope was too short, they kept pulling against each other and neither of them could reach any grass. They pulled and strained until they became exhausted and hungry.
Realizing that fighting was useless, they sat down together to think of a हल. Suddenly, one wise donkey suggested, “If we cooperate, we both can eat!” They decided to work as a team. First, both donkeys walked together to the first patch of grass and ate happily until they were full. Then, they walked together to the second patch of grass and enjoyed that as well.
Moral:Cooperation brings success, while pulling apart leads to defeat.
हिंदी अनुवाद: ‘दो समझदार गधे’ शीर्षक वाली चित्र-आधारित कहानी का हिंदी रूपांतरण: मिलकर काम करने से सफलता मिलती है, जबकि आपस में खींचातानी करने से असफलता हाथ लगती है।
Section 6
Link Poem Exercises – “Curious Town” by Harindranath Chattopadhyay
खंड
Link Poem Exercises – “Curious Town” by Harindranath Chattopadhyay
In ‘Curious Town’, everything is strange and upside down: kittens bark, puppies mew, frogs climb trees to announce hailstorms, rivers flow with fire, volcanoes are packed with cool dew, rainbows have more than eight colors, and a week has only two days.
In ‘Curious Town’, everything is strange and upside down: kittens bark, puppies mew, frogs climb trees to announce hailstorms, rivers flow with fire, volcanoes are packed with cool dew, rainbows have more than eight colors, and a week has only two days.
SECTION / EXERCISE
1. Multiple Choice Questions on “Curious Town”
अभ्यास
1. Multiple Choice Questions on “Curious Town”
i. Why is the Town mentioned in the poem curious?
a. Everyone there asks questions.
b. No one does the right thing.
c. Everything is strange.
Correct Option:c. Everything is strange.
ii. Why does the poet talk about getting ready for a shower of pelting ice?
a. It was going to rain.
b. There would be a hailstorm.
c. The animals in the town would get angry.
Correct Option:b. There would be a hailstorm.
iii. Which creature climbs a tree in ‘Curious Town’?
a. Puppy
b. Kitten
c. Frog
Correct Option:c. Frog
iv. What flows in the river in ‘Curious Town’?
a. Water
b. Fire
c. Dew
Correct Option:b. Fire
v. What is packed in the volcano in ‘Curious Town’?
a. Fire
b. Ash
c. Dew
Correct Option:c. Dew
vi. How many colours does the rainbow in ‘Curious Town’ have?
a. Less than eight
b. More than eight
c. Eight
Correct Option:b. More than eight
vii. How many days are there in a week in ‘Curious Town’?
a. Seven
b. Two
c. Six
Correct Option:b. Two
viii. ‘Curious Town’ here means:
a. a strange town
b. a beautiful town
c. an ordinary town
Correct Option:a. a strange town
हिंदी अनुवाद: ‘क्यूरियस टाउन’ कविता के सभी बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्नों के सटीक उत्तर।
Q17
Grid Completion Poem vs Real Life Actions
Grid Completion Poem vs Real Life Actions
📝 Question:
Grid Completion: Poem vs Real Life Actions
💡 Solution:
Things and creatures
Actions in the poem
Actions in real life
Puppy
Mews and mews
Barks and wags tail
Frog
Climbs up a tree and croaks
Jumps in water/land and croaks
River
Flows with fire
Flows with fresh water
Volcano
Packed with cool dew
Erupts with fire, hot lava, and ash
Rainbow
Has more than eight colors
Has seven colors (VIBGYOR)
Rain
Shower of pelting ice (hail)
Falls as fresh water rain drops
📝 प्रश्न:
Grid Completion: Poem vs Real Life Actions
💡 उत्तर / हल:
Things and creatures
Actions in the poem
Actions in real life
Kitten
Barks and barks
Mews and purrs
Puppy
Mews and mews
Barks and wags tail
Frog
Climbs up a tree and croaks
Jumps in water/land and croaks
River
Flows with fire
Flows with fresh water
Volcano
Packed with cool dew
Erupts with fire, hot lava, and ash
Rainbow
Has more than eight colors
Has seven colors (VIBGYOR)
Rain
Shower of pelting ice (hail)
Falls as fresh water rain drops
हिंदी अनुवाद: कविता में होने वाले अनोखे कामों और वास्तविक जीवन के कार्यों की तुलनात्मक तालिका।
SECTION / EXERCISE
3. Short Answer Questions on “Curious Town”
अभ्यास
3. Short Answer Questions on “Curious Town”
i. What are the unusual things happening in ‘Curious Town’?
Answer: In Curious Town, kittens bark like dogs, puppies mew like cats, frogs climb trees to predict hailstorms, rivers flow with fire, volcanoes are packed with cool dew, rainbows have more than eight colors, and a week consists of only two days.
ii. List the creatures mentioned in ‘Curious Town’.
Answer: The creatures mentioned in Curious Town are kitten, puppy, and frog.
हिंदी अनुवाद: क्यूरियस टाउन में बिल्ली के बच्चे भौंकते हैं, कुत्ते के बच्चे म्याऊँ करते हैं, मेंढक पेड़ पर चढ़कर ओलावृष्टि की भविष्यवाणी करते हैं, नदियाँ आग से बहती हैं, ज्वालामुखी ओस की बूंदों से भरा होता है, इंद्रधनुष में आठ से अधिक रंग होते हैं, और सप्ताह में केवल दो दिन होते हैं।
हिंदी अनुवाद: कविता में उल्लिखित जीव हैं: बिल्ली का बच्चा (kitten), कुत्ते का बच्चा (puppy), और मेंढक (frog)।
Question
Vocabulary Multiple Choice Questions
Vocabulary Multiple Choice Questions
📝 Question:
Vocabulary Multiple Choice Questions
💡 Solution:
i. The word ‘curious’ in the poem means:
a. not known
b. strange
c. eager to know
d. different
Correct Option:b. strange
ii. The word ‘hue’ in the poem refers to:
a. bloom
b. change
c. colour
d. strands
Correct Option:c. colour
iii. ‘pelting’ is associated with:
a. volcanoes
b. rivers
c. soil
d. stones
Correct Option:d. stones(or ice hailstones)
📝 प्रश्न:
Vocabulary Multiple Choice Questions
💡 उत्तर / हल:
i. The word ‘curious’ in the poem means:
a. not known
b. strange
c. eager to know
d. different
Correct Option:b. strange
ii. The word ‘hue’ in the poem refers to:
a. bloom
b. change
c. colour
d. strands
Correct Option:c. colour
iii. ‘pelting’ is associated with:
a. volcanoes
b. rivers
c. soil
d. stones
Correct Option:d. stones(or ice hailstones)
हिंदी अनुवाद: शब्दार्थ संबंधी बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्नों के सही उत्तर।
Q19
Word Web River and Volcano
Word Web River and Volcano
📝 Question:
Word Web: River and Volcano
💡 Solution:
River:
In Poem: Flows with fire
In Real Life: Flowing water, fresh fish, river banks, water supply
Volcano:
In Poem: Packed with dew
In Real Life: Fire, hot lava, smoke, ash, mountain crater
: – (Word Web)
📝 प्रश्न:
Word Web: River and Volcano
💡 उत्तर / हल:
River:
In Poem: Flows with fire
In Real Life: Flowing water, fresh fish, river banks, water supply
Volcano:
In Poem: Packed with dew
In Real Life: Fire, hot lava, smoke, ash, mountain crater
हिंदी अनुवाद: नदी और ज्वालामुखी के वास्तविक और कविता वाले प्राकृतिक चरित्रों का शब्द-जाल (Word Web)।
Q20
Advantages and Disadvantages of a TwoDay Work Week
Advantages and Disadvantages of a TwoDay Work Week
📝 Question:
Advantages and Disadvantages of a Two-Day Work Week
💡 Solution:
Advantages of a two-day week
Disadvantages of a two-day week
2. Less stress and mental fatigue for workers.
2. Essential services like hospitals and transport will suffer.
3. More time to pursue hobbies, travel, and spend with family.
3. Less production will lead to economic loss and lower income.
4. Energy and electricity consumption in offices is reduced.
4. People might feel bored and lazy due to excessive free time.
: (Advantages) (Disadvantages)
📝 प्रश्न:
Advantages and Disadvantages of a Two-Day Work Week
💡 उत्तर / हल:
Advantages of a two-day week
Disadvantages of a two-day week
1. People get 5 days of holiday and rest every week.
1. Work progress in factories and offices becomes extremely slow.
2. Less stress and mental fatigue for workers.
2. Essential services like hospitals and transport will suffer.
3. More time to pursue hobbies, travel, and spend with family.
3. Less production will lead to economic loss and lower income.
4. Energy and electricity consumption in offices is reduced.
4. People might feel bored and lazy due to excessive free time.
हिंदी अनुवाद: सप्ताह में केवल दो दिन काम होने के लाभ (Advantages) और हानियाँ (Disadvantages)।
Q21
Homophones Exercise Tick the Correct Homophone
Homophones Exercise Tick the Correct Homophone
📝 Question:
Homophones Exercise (Tick ✓ the Correct Homophone)
💡 Solution:
i. Lets way / weigh advantages and disadvantages of getting home work from school.
ii. She was so tired that she could not open her ice / eyes.
iii. There is only one weak / week left for the examination.
iv. She was so hungry that she ate / eight all her food that she had received in the Mid-day meal.
v. We experienced hail / hale and storm yesterday.
vi. The question paper was too / two difficult to complete in two hours.
vii. The which / witch cast a spell on the naughty boy.
viii. The night was clear with due / dew on the grass.