Class 10 Biology Notes How do Organism Reproduce
Chapter Life Processes : All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10
Chapter Control and Coordination: All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10
Chapter How do Organism Reproduce: All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10
Chapter Heredity and Evolution: All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10
Chapter Our Environment: All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10
Chapter Management and Natural Resources: All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10
What are the Differences between Binary Fission and Multiple Fission?
| Binary Fission | Multiple Fission |
| Products. It gives rise to two individuals. | It forms several (more than two) individuals. |
| Conditions. Binary fission occurs under favourable conditions. | Multiple fission occurs under favourable and unfavourable conditions. |
| Nucleus. Nucleus of the parent cell divides only once to form two daughters. | Nucleus of the parent undergoes repeated divisions to form a number of daughter nuclei. |
| Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm undergoes cleavage after each nuclear division. | Cytoplasm does not divide after every nuclear division. |
| Residue. No part of the parent body is left unused. Examples. Amoeba, Paramecium. | A part of the body, covering and residual cytoplasm, is left behind. Examples. Plasmodium, Amoeba (encysted). |
What are the Differences between Unicellular Organisms and Multicellular Organisms?
| Unicellular Organisms | Multicellular Organisms |
| Reproductive Cell. The same cell which functions as the body of the organism also gets transformed into reproductive cell. | Specific cells take part in reproduction. |
| Technique. Techniques of reproduction are simple. | Techniques of reproduction are commonly complex |
| Asexual Reproduction. It generally occurs through fission. | It occurs by several methods like. fragmentation, regeneration, budding, spore formation, vegetative reproduction, etc. |
| Sex Organs. No special sex cell or sex organ is present. | They are present. |
| Sexual Reproduction. It occurs through isogamy to heterogamy | It is commonly oogamous. |
What are the Differences between Fission and Fragmentation?
| Fission | Fragmentation |
| Organisms. It occurs in unicellular organisms. | Fragmentation is found in multicellular organisms. |
| Nucleocytoplasmic Division. It occurs prior to fission. | Cells grow and divide after fragmentation. |
| Products. The daughters formed after fission are equal. | The products of fragmentation are generally unequal and dissimilar. |
What are the Differences between Fission and Budding?
| Fission | Budding |
| Occurrence. Fission occurs only in unicellular organisms. | Budding occurs both in unicellular and multicellular organisms. |
| Division. Parent divides into two to many daughters. | A parent does not divide but gives one or more outgrowths to form new individuals. |
| Identity, Identity of parent is lost during the formation of new individuals. | The parent retains its identity during budding. |
| Sequence. Nucleus divides first followed by cleavage of cytoplasm. Examples. Amoeba, Paramoecium. | In unicellular forms, cellular outgrowth develops first. Nuclear division follows later. Examples. Planaria, Yeast, Hydra. |
What are the Differences between Scion and Stock?
| Scion | Stock |
| Component. It is upper part of the composite plant that is grafted. | It is basal portion on which grafting is carried out. |
| Characteristics. It has a shoot system with desired traits. | It has a strong and extensive root system. |
| Variety. It generally belongs to high yielding exotic variety | Stock generally belongs to local variety which is fully accilimatised to local conditions. |
| Function. Scion provides better and high quality yield of flowers and fruits. | It provides good anchorage, proper water and minerals. |
What are the Differences between External Fertilization and Internal Fertilization?
| External Fertilization | Internal Fertilization |
| Place. Fertilization occurs outside the body of the female. | Fertilization occurs inside the body of the female. |
| Release of Gametes. Both the sexes discharge their gametes outside their body. | Only the male discharges the gametes and that also in the reproductive tract of the female. The female retains its gametes. |
| Surety. It is not a sure method. | It is a sure method of fertilization. |
| Embryo. Embryo develops unprotected, outside the body of the female. Examples. Fishes, Amphibians. | Embryo is generally well protected but may develop outside or inside the body of the female. Reptiles, Birds, Mammals, Insects, Spiders. |
What are the Differences between Asexual Reproduction and Sexual Reproduction?
| Asexual Reproduction | Sexual Reproduction |
| Parents. Asexual reproduction is uniparental, i.e., involves a single parent. | Sexual reproduction is generally biparental, i.e., involves two parents of different sexes. |
| Gametes. Gametes are not formed. | Gametes are always formed. |
| Divisions. All the divisions are mitotic. | Meiosis occurs once. All other divisions are mitotic. |
| Fertilization. Fertilization is absent. | Fertilization or fusion of gametes takes place. |
| Multiplication. It is a rapid method of multiplication | It is comparatively slower method of multiplication. |
| New Individuals. They are genetically similar to the parents. | New individuals are genetically different from either of the two parents. |
| Variations. Variations are very few. | Abundant variations occur during sexual reproduction |
| Evolution. It has little evolutionary importance. | By producing variations, sexual reproduction plays an important role in evolution. |
| Occurrence. It is more common in lower organisms | Sexual reproduction occurs in all higher organisms along with a number of lower organisms. |
What are the Differences between Self Pollination and Cross Pollination?
| Self Pollination | Cross Pollination |
| Flowers. It is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of same or similar flower. | It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower. |
| Agency. An external agency is not required. | An external agency is required for carrying of pollen grains from one flower to another. |
| Variations. It does not produce variations. | It brings about a lot of variations. |
| Vigour. There is a slow loss of vigour in self pollinated plants. | Vigour of the plants is maintained. |
What are the Differences between Pollination and Fertilization?
| Pollination | Fertilization |
| Definition. It is transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of a flower. | It is the fusion of male and female gametes. |
| Step. Pollination precedes fertilization. | Fertilization occurs only after pollination when the pollen grain has germinated and sent the male gametes to ovule. |
| Purpose. It carries the male gamete producing pollen grains to the female sex organ. | It actually brings about fusion of gametes |
What are the Differences between Menarche and Menopause?
| Menarche | Menopause |
| Menstruation. It is the first menstruation in the life of a girl. | It is the end of menstruation in the life of a woman. |
| Age. It occurs at the age of 11-13 years. | Menopause occurs at the age of 45-50 years. |
| Reproductive Cycle. It is the begining of reproductive life. | It is the end of reproductive life. |
| Bone Mass. There is increase in bone mass. | There is reduction in bone mass and tendency to osteoporosis. |
What are the Differences between Vasectomy and Tubectomy?
| Vasectomy | Tubectomy |
| Sex. It is a reversible sterilisation technique applicable to males. | It is reversible sterilisation technique applicable to females. |
| Surgical Procedure. The two vasa deferentia are given cuts to remove small pieces and tying the rest. | The two fallopian tubes are given cuts or ligated. |
| Function. It prevents the passage of sperms from testes to semen. | It prevents the passage of ova from ovary to uterus. |