Class 10 Biology Notes How do Organism Reproduce | PDF Download for Free

Class 10 Biology Notes How do Organism Reproduce

Class 10 Biology Notes How do Organism Reproduce

Chapter Life Processes : All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10

Chapter Control and Coordination: All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10

Chapter How do Organism Reproduce: All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10

Chapter Heredity and Evolution: All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10

Chapter Our Environment: All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10

Chapter Management and Natural Resources: All Important Comparisons and Differences between in Biology class 10

What are the Differences between Binary Fission and Multiple Fission?

Binary FissionMultiple Fission
Products. It gives rise to two individuals.It forms several (more than two) individuals.
Conditions. Binary fission occurs under favourable conditions.Multiple fission occurs under favourable and unfavourable conditions.
Nucleus. Nucleus of the parent cell divides only once to form two daughters.Nucleus of the parent undergoes repeated divisions to form a number of daughter nuclei.
Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm undergoes cleavage after each nuclear division.Cytoplasm does not divide after every nuclear division.
Residue. No part of the parent body is left unused.
Examples. Amoeba, Paramecium.
A part of the body, covering and residual cytoplasm, is left behind.
Examples. Plasmodium, Amoeba (encysted).

What are the Differences between Unicellular Organisms and Multicellular Organisms?

Unicellular OrganismsMulticellular Organisms
Reproductive Cell. The same cell which functions as the body of the organism also gets transformed into reproductive cell.Specific cells take part in reproduction.
Technique. Techniques of reproduction are simple.Techniques of reproduction are commonly complex
Asexual Reproduction. It generally occurs through fission.It occurs by several methods like. fragmentation, regeneration, budding, spore formation, vegetative reproduction, etc.
Sex Organs. No special sex cell or sex organ is present.They are present.
Sexual Reproduction. It occurs through isogamy to heterogamyIt is commonly oogamous.

What are the Differences between Fission and Fragmentation?

FissionFragmentation
Organisms. It occurs in unicellular organisms.Fragmentation is found in multicellular organisms.
Nucleocytoplasmic Division. It occurs prior to fission.Cells grow and divide after fragmentation.
Products. The daughters formed after fission are equal.The products of fragmentation are generally unequal and dissimilar.

What are the Differences between Fission and Budding?

FissionBudding
Occurrence. Fission occurs only in unicellular organisms.Budding occurs both in unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Division. Parent divides into two to many daughters.A parent does not divide but gives one or more outgrowths to form new individuals.
Identity, Identity of parent is lost during the formation of new individuals.The parent retains its identity during budding.
Sequence. Nucleus divides first followed by cleavage of cytoplasm.
Examples. Amoeba, Paramoecium.
In unicellular forms, cellular outgrowth develops first. Nuclear division follows later.
Examples. Planaria, Yeast, Hydra.

What are the Differences between Scion and Stock?

ScionStock
Component. It is upper part of the composite plant that is grafted.It is basal portion on which grafting is carried out.
Characteristics. It has a shoot system with desired traits.It has a strong and extensive root system.
Variety. It generally belongs to high yielding exotic varietyStock generally belongs to local variety which is fully accilimatised to local conditions.
Function. Scion provides better and high quality yield of flowers and fruits.It provides good anchorage, proper water and minerals.

What are the Differences between External Fertilization and Internal Fertilization?

External FertilizationInternal Fertilization
Place. Fertilization occurs outside the body of the female.Fertilization occurs inside the body of the female.
Release of Gametes. Both the sexes discharge their gametes outside their body.Only the male discharges the gametes and that also in the reproductive tract of the female. The female retains its gametes.
Surety. It is not a sure method.It is a sure method of fertilization.
Embryo. Embryo develops unprotected, outside the body of the female. Examples. Fishes, Amphibians.Embryo is generally well protected but may develop outside or inside the body of the female. Reptiles, Birds, Mammals, Insects, Spiders.

What are the Differences between Asexual Reproduction and Sexual Reproduction?

Asexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction
Parents. Asexual reproduction is uniparental, i.e., involves a single parent.Sexual reproduction is generally biparental, i.e., involves two parents of different sexes.
Gametes. Gametes are not formed.Gametes are always formed.
Divisions. All the divisions are mitotic.Meiosis occurs once. All other divisions are mitotic.
Fertilization. Fertilization is absent.Fertilization or fusion of gametes takes place.
Multiplication. It is a rapid method of multiplicationIt is comparatively slower method of multiplication.
New Individuals. They are genetically similar to the parents.New individuals are genetically different from either of the two parents.
Variations. Variations are very few.Abundant variations occur during sexual reproduction
Evolution. It has little evolutionary importance.By producing variations, sexual reproduction plays an important role in evolution.
Occurrence. It is more common in lower organismsSexual reproduction occurs in all higher organisms along with a number of lower organisms.

What are the Differences between Self Pollination and Cross Pollination?

Self PollinationCross Pollination
Flowers. It is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of same or similar flower.It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower.
Agency. An external agency is not required.An external agency is required for carrying of pollen grains from one flower to another.
Variations. It does not produce variations.It brings about a lot of variations.
Vigour. There is a slow loss of vigour in self pollinated plants.Vigour of the plants is maintained.

What are the Differences between Pollination and Fertilization?

PollinationFertilization
Definition. It is transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of a flower.It is the fusion of male and female gametes.
Step. Pollination precedes fertilization.Fertilization occurs only after pollination when the pollen grain has germinated and sent the male gametes to ovule.
Purpose. It carries the male gamete producing pollen grains to the female sex organ.It actually brings about fusion of gametes

What are the Differences between Menarche and Menopause?

MenarcheMenopause
Menstruation. It is the first menstruation in the life of a girl.It is the end of menstruation in the life of a woman.
Age. It occurs at the age of 11-13 years.Menopause occurs at the age of 45-50 years.
Reproductive Cycle. It is the begining of reproductive life.It is the end of reproductive life.
Bone Mass. There is increase in bone mass.There is reduction in bone mass and tendency to osteoporosis.

What are the Differences between Vasectomy and Tubectomy?

VasectomyTubectomy
Sex. It is a reversible sterilisation technique applicable to males.It is reversible sterilisation technique applicable to females.
Surgical Procedure. The two vasa deferentia are given cuts to remove small pieces and tying the rest.The two fallopian tubes are given cuts or ligated.
Function. It prevents the passage of sperms from testes to semen.It prevents the passage of ova from ovary to uterus.

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