Madhurima Class 9 Chapter 14, Exploring the Fundamentals of Visual Arts, opens the visual arts section with the four kinds of painting named in the Chitra-sūtra of the Viṣhṇu-dharmottara Purāṇa: satya, vaiṇika, nāgara and miśhra.
What Madhurima Chapter 14 Covers
Four kinds of painting: the chapter opens with the Viṣhṇu-dharmottara Purāṇa’s Chitra-sūtra, which names satya (realistic), vaiṇika (lyrical), nāgara (urban, refined) and miśhra (mixed) paintings.
An artist’s kit: a journal of at least 50 pages is the most important item, along with pencils, erasers, colours and other materials listed in a table.
The art journal: a record of everyday experience in drawings, text, photos, sound or video. The chapter shows journals by Frida Kahlo, Rabindranath Tagore’s doodled poems, the Mughal artist Ustad Mansur’s studies of birds, and Nandalal Bose’s illustration of Tagore’s poem ‘Rikto’.
Ways of journalling: photography, short videos, collage and other formats, each with a prompt to try.
Sketching: quick drawing from observation, practised like an athlete’s warm-up. The chapter says not to copy from pictures, and that the first steps are always messy. Further prompts link to the other arts: drawing hastas and facial expressions from dance.
Read Madhurima Class 9 Chapter 14 Online
More Chapters
- Previous: Chapter 13: Dance Choreography
- Next: Chapter 15: Mediums and Techniques in Visual Art
- All Art chapters and the other Class 9 books: Class 9 NCERT books 2026-27
FAQ
What are the four types of painting in the Chitra-sūtra?
Satya (realistic), vaiṇika (lyrical), nāgara (urban or refined) and miśhra (mixed), from the Viṣhṇu-dharmottara Purāṇa.
Why keep an art journal?
To record everyday observations and ideas in drawings, words, photos or video, and to reflect on how you think and feel; it is the most important item in a visual artist’s kit.