NCERT Solutions Class 9 Kaushal Vikas Chapter 7: Apparel PDF (2026-27)

Get complete, official step-by-step NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Skill Education (Kaushal Vikas) Chapter 7: Apparel PDF for academic session 2026–27. This chapter is part of Work with Machines and Materials. All textbook in-text tasks, activities, portfolio assessments, and check-your-understanding questions have been verified by senior subject matter experts against the official NCERT prescribed syllabus.

NCERT Class 9 Kaushal Vikas Chapter 7 Textbook Solutions

Section 7.3 Site visit Questions & Solutions

Q1. PORTFOLIO: You can use the pointers in Table 7.2 for discussion with practitioners and take notes.
Answer: Model Site Visit Observation Log:
Tools and materials used: Materials observed include cotton fabric, thread rolls, buttons, zippers, laces, and interlining, stored neatly in dry cupboards. Tools used include tailoring tapes, fabric scissors, tailor’s chalk, tracing wheels, needles, thimbles, irons, and foot-operated or motorized sewing machines, which are regularly oiled and dusted.
Key processes: Taking accurate body measurements without pulling the tape tightly, drafting full-size paper patterns, pre-washing and pressing fabric, placing patterns along the fabric grain to minimize waste, tracing with tailor’s chalk leaving a 1 – 2 cm seam allowance, stitching with secured backstitches, finishing raw seam edges by trimming or hemming, pressing seams, and packaging.
Safety protocols: Sitting upright aligned with the needle, keeping fingers away from the moving needle, holding scissors parallel to cutting surfaces and away from sharp ends, using thimbles when pushing needles, operating irons under supervision, and handling sharp pins and fasteners carefully.
Schedules: Daily morning fabric preparation and pattern marking, afternoon stitching sessions, and final pressing and quality inspection schedules.
Quality criteria: Accurate body measurements; straight, even, and properly aligned stitching with consistent thread tension; neat seam finishing to prevent fraying; clean, stain-free fabric; and clear care labels.
Technology use: Using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software for digital pattern drafting and social media/online platforms for fashion design trends.

Q2. Think of any other points for observation while visiting the site. For example:
1. What do the practitioners value the most about their work (for example, quality of apparel, specific processes, pride in making something useful, etc.)?
2. You can ask about possible challenges you may face while making apparel and how to overcome them.
Answer: Model Student Discussion Notes:
1. What Practitioners Value Most: Tailors and fashion designers value high quality of apparel, precise fit, neat finishing, and the creative pride of transforming plain fabric into a comfortable, stylish garment that satisfies the customer.
2. Possible Challenges & Solutions:
Challenge 1 (Fabric Shrinkage or Wrinkling): Natural fabrics like cotton shrink after the first wash. Solution: Always pre-wash, dry, and iron the fabric before marking and cutting.
Challenge 2 (Uneven or Loose Stitching): Incorrect thread tension or pulling fabric while sewing causes puckering or skipped stitches. Solution: Adjust machine thread tension, sit upright, and let the feed dog move the fabric forward at a steady pace without pulling.

Section 7.4 Technical drawing of apparel Questions & Solutions

Q1. PORTFOLIO: Think of different design options for the apparel you will make. Take measurements carefully. Make a neat technical drawing, detailing out the exact measurements and label all parts clearly. Also, write notes about fabric, thread or special features like zippers, buttons or embroidery.
Answer: Model Technical Drawing & Specification Log:
Apparel Selected: Kitchen Apron (based on Caselet Figure 7.6b).
Body Measurements Taken: Length = 86 cm, Width = 70 cm, Bib length = 26 cm, Bib width = 26 cm, Neck strap length = 74 cm, Side string length = 83 cm, Pocket dimensions = 29 cm × 20 cm.
Technical Drawing Details: Drew a neat front-view outline of the apron to scale. Labeled bib, main body length and width, pocket placement, neck strap, side tie-strings, and marked a 1.5 cm seam allowance along all edges using dashed lines.
Material & Feature Notes:
Fabric: Thick cotton/polyester blend (durable, washable, and stain-resistant).
Thread: Matching heavy-duty cotton thread.
Special Features:* One front center patch pocket (29 cm × 20 cm) attached with reinforced double running stitches for holding utensils, and adjustable neck strap.

Section 7.5 Selecting materials Questions & Solutions

Q1. PORTFOLIO: Which material did you select and why?
Answer: Model Material Selection & Justification:
Selected Fabric: 100% Cotton (or Cotton-Polyester Blend).
Justification based on Table 7.3 and Table 7.4: Cotton is soft, breathable, highly absorbent, and comfortable for daily wear. It is gentle on the skin, easy to wash, and durable, making it the ideal choice for everyday garments like T-shirts, dresses, or kitchen aprons.

Section 7.7 Bill of Materials Questions & Solutions

Q1. PORTFOLIO: Prepare the Bill of Materials for the apparel you will make.
Answer: Model Bill of Materials (based on Table 7.6 template):

Main fabric (Cotton): Quantity = 1.5 m; Estimated cost = ₹300.
Thread roll: Quantity = 1 roll; Estimated cost = ₹30.
Buttons (for decoration/fastening): Quantity = 10; Estimated cost = ₹20.
Lace (for decoration): Quantity = 0.5 m; Estimated cost = ₹10.
Cost of Labour (Measuring and sketching): 1 hr × ₹50/hr × 1 = ₹50.
Cost of Labour (Stitching): 2 hrs × ₹50/hr × 2 = ₹200.
* TOTAL ESTIMATED COST: ₹610

Section 7.8 Basics of apparel making Questions & Solutions

Q1. PORTFOLIO: Place the sampler or an image of the sampler in your portfolio.
Answer: Model Portfolio Entry:
Sampler Description: Created a 20 cm × 20 cm cotton cloth stitch sampler containing rows of running stitch, backstitch, split stitch, buttonhole stitch, and hemming stitch using contrasting colored thread.
Observation: Practiced maintaining straight reference lines, uniform stitch length, and even thread tension across all stitches without puckering the fabric.

Q2. TASK: Practise different types of stitches on a sample cloth as shown in Figure 7.8. You can ask experts to teach you stitches other than those in Table 7.7 or search for videos on the Internet. You can also try to repair any apparel or stitch small covers for water glasses from recycled cloth for practice.
Answer: Model Activity Execution & Observations (based on Table 7.7):
Procedure:
1. Marked parallel reference lines on a square sample cloth using tailor’s chalk.
2. Practiced Running Stitch for temporary joining and simple seams.
3. Practiced Backstitch for strong seams, repairs, and attaching straps.
4. Practiced Split Stitch for decorative design outlines.
5. Practiced Buttonhole Stitch along raw edges to prevent fraying and secure buttonholes.
6. Practiced Hemming Stitch along folded bottom edges.
Result & Repair Activity: Mastered basic hand stitches with even tension and used backstitch to repair a torn seam on an old cloth bag, making it strong and reusable.

Q3. PORTFOLIO: Prepare a paper pattern of the apparel you will make using chart paper or old newspaper.
Answer: Model Paper Pattern Log (based on Table 7.9):
Procedure:
1. Finalized actual product measurements (full-size 1:1 scale, without reduction).
2. Drew the exact product shape (apron/cushion cover/child’s dress) on old newspaper using a long ruler and pencil.
3. Labeled each part clearly (Front, Back, Pocket, Straps) and marked grain lines.
4. Verified all dimensions against original measurements and cut neatly along marked outer lines.
Outcome: Created a reusable full-scale paper pattern ready for pinning and tracing onto fabric.

Section 7.9 Marking and cutting fabric Questions & Solutions

Q1. PORTFOLIO: Place images or sketches of each of the steps you took to prepare, mark and cut the fabric in your portfolio. Write a brief description of the step.
Answer: Model Process Log (based on Tables 7.10 & 7.11):
Step 1 (Pre-washing & Drying): Washed the cotton fabric in clean water and line-dried it in shade to ensure any fabric shrinkage occurred before cutting.
Step 2 (Pressing/Ironing): Ironed out all wrinkles and folds using a warm iron on a flat ironing board to make the fabric smooth.
Step 3 (Pattern Placement & Marking): Laid fabric flat, aligned the paper pattern straight along the fabric length (longitudinal grain) near the edges to minimize wastage, pinned it in place, and traced outlines with tailor’s chalk leaving a 1 – 2 cm seam allowance.
Step 4 (Cutting): Cut along chalk lines smoothly with sharp fabric shears on a flat table, keeping scissors parallel to the surface, and kept front and back pieces pinned and labeled.

Section 7.10 Sewing the product Questions & Solutions

Q1. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING: Look at Figure 7.10 and answer the questions:
1. On the basis of what you learnt about marking and cutting of fabric, do you observe any errors in the figure?
2. What problems may occur due to these errors?
3. What steps should be followed to correct these mistakes?
4. State any two good practices for marking and cutting fabric. How will you apply these good practices in your work?
Answer:
1. Errors Observed: The paper pattern is placed diagonally across the fabric rather than straight along the fabric grain line, leaving large, irregular fabric gaps around the pattern. The fabric has been cut unevenly with jagged edges instead of long, smooth cuts.
2. Problems Caused: Cutting across the grain line reduces the strength, drape, and durability of the apparel, causing it to stretch out of shape after washing. Uneven jagged cuts make seam alignment difficult and waste substantial fabric.
3. Steps for Correction: Smooth out the fabric, realign the paper pattern straight along the length of the fabric grain near the edge, re-trace neatly with tailor’s chalk leaving 1 – 2 cm seam allowance, and re-cut smoothly.
4. Two Good Practices:
Practice 1: Place paper patterns straight along the length of the fabric to ensure structural strength and durability.
Practice 2: Place patterns close to fabric edges and arrange pieces efficiently to minimize fabric wastage.
Application:* I will pin paper patterns along the selvage edge of pre-washed fabric and cut using long, steady scissor strokes on a flat cutting table.

Section 7.11 Finishing the product Questions & Solutions

Q1. PORTFOLIO: Place a sketch or image of each step of the process in your portfolio. Briefly describe each step. Did you need to redo the stitching? If yes, why and what did you do differently the second time?
Answer: Model Portfolio Reflection Log:
Step Description: Joined fabric pieces using backstitch, trimmed excess seam allowance, folded edges twice for close hemming, pressed seams flat with an iron, and attached care labels.
Stitching Redo Experience: Yes, the first seam had to be undone using a seam ripper because the thread tension was too tight, causing the seam line to pucker and gather.
* What Was Done Differently: On the second attempt, adjusted the upper thread tension, maintained a relaxed hand grip, and stitched at a steady pace along a straight chalk reference line to achieve a smooth, flat seam.

Q2. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING: In Figure 7.12, a few images are marked as incorrect while some are marked as correct. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer: Yes, I agree with the markings in Figure 7.12.
Reasons based on Chapter Text:
Incorrect Samples (marked with red ‘X’): Show crooked, uneven stitch lines, loose loops, missed stitches, and puckered/gathered fabric caused by uneven thread tension or pulling fabric too fast while sewing.
Correct Samples (marked with green checkmark):* Show straight, neatly aligned stitches of consistent length and uniform thread tension on flat, un-gathered fabric, ensuring both product strength and neat appearance.

Section 7.13 Assess your learning Questions & Solutions

Q1. Your task is to stitch a pajama set suitable for daily use. You can use cotton, polyester or a cotton-polyester, blend. Which fabric will you choose and why?
Answer:
I will choose 100% cotton (or a cotton-polyester blend).
* Reason based on Chapter Text (Table 7.3 & Table 7.4): Cotton is soft, highly breathable, absorbent, and comfortable for daily nightwear. A cotton-polyester blend can also be selected because it combines cotton’s softness with polyester’s durability, easy washing, and wrinkle resistance.

Q2. A learner takes measurements for (i) an apron and (ii) a dress while a person is wearing thick winter clothes. Explain how this may affect the final apparel and suggest steps for correction.
Answer:
Effect on Final Apparel: Thick winter clothes add extra bulk (several centimeters) around the chest, waist, and hips. Measurements taken over bulky winter wear will result in an oversized, ill-fitting apron or dress that sags, fits loosely, and looks unflattering when worn over normal summer clothing.
Steps for Correction:
1. Rule: As stated under Section 7.4 (Quality box), ensure the person is not wearing thick clothing while taking measurements.
2. Correction: Take body measurements again using a flexible tailoring tape while the person wears light, thin summer clothing, standing straight and relaxed, keeping the tape neither too loose nor too tight.

Q3. How, in your experience of making an apparel, does preparing a paper pattern before cutting help reduce fabric wastage?
Answer:
Preparing a paper pattern helps reduce fabric wastage in the following ways based on Section 7.8.2:
1. It allows testing and arranging different layout options on paper or newsprint before making any permanent cuts on expensive fabric.
2. Multiple pattern pieces (front, back, pockets, straps) can be fitted together closely near fabric edges like a puzzle, ensuring maximum fabric utilization and leaving minimal leftover scraps.
3. It prevents cutting mistakes that would ruin the main fabric.

Q4. Why is pre-washing and pressing fabric before cutting considered an essential step? What could happen if this step is skipped?
Answer:
Why Essential (Section 7.8.3): Natural fabrics (like cotton, linen, and rayon) shrink during their first wash and often have surface creases from storage rolls. Pre-washing ensures that all shrinkage occurs before cutting, and pressing creates a smooth, flat surface for accurate marking.
What Happens if Skipped: If skipped, a perfectly stitched garment will shrink after its very first wash, becoming tight and ill-fitting. Cutting wrinkled fabric also leads to inaccurate, uneven piece dimensions.

Q5. PORTFOLIO: Design a label for your apparel, sharing the size and care instructions. Attach it to the apparel and place the finished product or its image in your portfolio.
Answer: Model Apparel Label Design Entry (based on Section 7.11.1 & Figure 7.16):
Brand Name: School Craft Apparel
Size: Medium (M) — Chest: 85 cm, Length: 90 cm
Fabric Composition: 100% Cotton
Care Instructions & International Symbols:
[Symbol: Tub with 30°C] Machine wash cold (Max 30°C).
[Symbol: Triangle with ‘X’] Do not bleach.
[Symbol: Iron with 1 dot] Iron on low heat.
[Symbol: Circle with ‘X’] Do not dry clean with trichloroethylene.
* [Symbol: Square with horizontal line] Dry flat in shade.

Q6. During stitching, a student notices uneven stitch length and that the stitching is loose. What problems could this cause during use and washing, and how can these issues be corrected?
Answer:
Problems Caused: Loose and uneven stitching weakens seam strength, causes fabric puckering, and leads to seam opening, unravelling, or torn threads during daily wear and machine washing.
Correction Steps (Section 7.10):
1. Adjust the sewing machine thread tension dial and check needle threading.
2. Sew at a steady, moderate pace without pulling or pushing the fabric manually (let the feed dog move it).
3. Secure seam ends by making a few backstitches over the initial and final stitches.

Q7. Write down ten things you can do with your old dress. Find out what is sustainable fashion?
Answer:
Ten Creative Uses for an Old Dress (Upcycling & Reuse):
1. Redesign it into a trendy carry bag or sling bag.
2. Cut fabric pieces to make a patchwork table runner or wall hanging.
3. Stitch small covers for water glasses or household jars.
4. Convert it into a kitchen apron or oven mitten.
5. Make cushion covers or pillowcases.
6. Stitch hair scrunchies, headbands, or fabric bows.
7. Use fabric pieces as a cleaning duster or mop cloth.
8. Stitch clothes for soft toys or dolls.
9. Make fabric pouches or pencil cases with zippers.
10. Donate it to needy community members if in good condition.
Sustainable Fashion: Sustainable fashion refers to designing, producing, and consuming clothing in ways that protect the environment, reduce textile waste, promote upcycling/recycling, and ensure fair working conditions for garment workers.

Q8. Of the tasks that you did, which did you enjoy the most? Which did you enjoy the least? Give examples of what went well and what did not go well. What would you do differently next time?
Answer: Model Reflection:
Most Enjoyed Task: Drafting full-size paper patterns on newspaper and practicing decorative hand stitches on the stitch sampler.
Least Enjoyed Task: Undoing puckered hand stitches with a seam ripper when initial thread tension was too tight.
What Went Well: Pre-washing and ironing the cotton fabric made chalk tracing smooth and precise, and backstitching secured seam ends firmly.
What Did Not Go Well: Cutting our first fabric sample without pinning the paper pattern caused the fabric to slip slightly.
* What to Do Differently Next Time: Always pin the paper pattern securely to the fabric using tailoring pins before tracing with chalk, and use a thimble to protect fingers during hand stitching.

Q9. Give examples of how you can apply your learnings in a real-life situation.
Answer:
1. Clothing Repair & Maintenance: Use backstitch and hemming stitches at home to repair torn seams, fallen hems, or missing buttons on school uniforms without needing a commercial tailor.
2. Smart Fabric Selection: Select suitable fabrics based on properties when shopping — choosing breathable cotton for summer wear, durable polyester-cotton blends for uniforms, and soft muslin for baby clothes.
3. Understanding Care Labels: Read care instruction labels and international symbols on garments before washing and ironing to prevent damage from bleach or high heat.
4. Sustainable Upcycling: Turn old denim jeans or outgrown dresses into useful carry bags, aprons, and cushion covers, reducing household waste and protecting the environment.

More Kaushal Vikas Chapters & Study Resources

• ⬅️ Previous: Chapter 6: Construction
• ➡️ Next: Chapter 8: Additional Vocations (Work with Machines and Materials)
• 📚 All Class 9 NCERT Books: Class 9 NCERT Books (2026–27)
• 📖 Full Library: All NCERT Books PDF (Class 1–12)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: What is the main objective of Kaushal Vikas Chapter 7?
Ans: Chapter 7 (Apparel) provides Grade 9 students with foundational vocational knowledge, real-world skill-building tasks, and practical applications in Work with Machines and Materials.

Q2: Are these solutions verified according to the 2026–27 CBSE curriculum?
Ans: Yes. All questions, exercises, and tasks are solved directly from the official NCERT 2026–27 textbook following official NCERT pedagogical guidelines and the latest CBSE marking scheme.