CG Board Class 9 Mathematics Chapter 12 Solutions: Transformation and Symmetry in Geometrical Shapes (ज्यामितीय आकृतियों में सममिति एवं रूपांतरण) – 2026-27

CG SCERT (Chhattisgarh Board) Class 9 Mathematics Solutions | 2026-27 Official Edition

Complete 100% textbook-grounded CG Board Class 9 Mathematics Chapter 12 Solutions: Transformation and Symmetry in Geometrical Shapes (ज्यामितीय आकृतियों में सममिति एवं रूपांतरण) in Bilingual Format (English & Hindi Medium).


🌐 Select Language / माध्यम चुनें:

Section 1

In-Text Questions

Q1

Verbatim English Question We have given examples of…


📝 Question:

Verbatim English Question: We have given examples of some concrete materials here. Observe these objects from the top, front, right or the left and complete the following table accordingly: Exact Hindi Translation:** , ,

💡 Solution:

  • Table / :
  • 1. Dice / :
  • Three-dimensional shape / : Cube /
  • Top view / : Square /
  • In front view / : Square /
  • Left/Right view / : Square /
  • 2. Toothpaste box / :
  • Three-dimensional shape / : Cuboid /
  • Top view / : Rectangle /
  • In front view / : Rectangle /
  • Left/Right view / : Rectangle /
  • 3. Battery of a torch / :
  • Three-dimensional shape / : Cylinder /
  • Top view / : Circle /
  • In front view / : Rectangle /
  • Left/Right view / : Rectangle /
  • 4. Ball / :
  • Three-dimensional shape / : Sphere /
  • Top view / : Circle /
  • In front view / : Circle /
  • Left/Right view / : Circle /

Q2

Verbatim English Question Write two examples from your…


📝 Question:

Verbatim English Question: Write two examples from your daily life in which you change the size, position or the shape of objects. Think about these transformations, discuss with your friends and complete the table below: Exact Hindi Translation:** , ,

💡 Solution:

(i) Overturning / :**

  • (ii) Shifting / :
  • (iii) Rotating / :
  • (iv) Scaling up / :

Q3

Verbatim English Question Choose motif and using transformations…


📝 Question:

Verbatim English Question: Choose motif and using transformations make new designs and borders. Exact Hindi Translation

💡 Solution:

Select a basic geometric shape (motif) such as a diamond shape or leaf symbol. Apply translation (sliding along a line), reflection (flips), and rotation (turning) repeatedly to create a continuous decorative border or tessellation pattern.

Q4

Verbatim English Question Would the corresponding sides and…


📝 Question:

Verbatim English Question: Would the corresponding sides and angles of a quadrilateral remain invariant under rotation and inversion as well? Think about the reasons, discuss and write. Exact Hindi Translation:** ? ,

💡 Solution:

Yes, the corresponding sides and corresponding angles of a quadrilateral remain invariant (unchanged) under rotation and inversion (reflection). Reason: Both rotation and reflection are rigid transformations. A rigid transformation preserves distance between points and angle measures, so the transformed quadrilateral remains congruent to the original quadrilateral.

Q5

Verbatim English Question 1 Reflection is a rigid…


📝 Question:

Verbatim English Question: 1. Reflection is a rigid transformation. Why? Discuss in your group and write with reason. 2. On one side of the road an electric pole E, is fixed. The distance of the road from the pole is 120 m. Taking the road as the line of reflection, reflect the pole. After reflection what would the perpendicular distance (x) of the image of the electric pole (E’), formed on the other side of the road be from the road? Exact Hindi Translation:** 1. ? 2. E 120 (E’) (x) ?

💡 Solution:

Reflection is a rigid transformation because it preserves the shape and size of the object. Under reflection, all side lengths, corresponding angles, and internal dimensions remain completely invariant, making the transformed figure congruent to the original figure.

In reflection, the perpendicular distance of the image from the line of reflection is always equal to the perpendicular distance of the object from the line of reflection.

  • Given: Perpendicular distance of electric pole E from the road = 120 m.
  • Taking the road as the line of reflection, the distance of the image E’ from the road is
  • x = 120 m.

Q6

Verbatim English Question Look at the rotations in…


📝 Question:

Verbatim English Question: Look at the rotations in the two figures and answer the questions below separately for each: 1- What is the point of rotation? 2- Does the point lie inside or outside? 3- Direction of rotation 4- The angle of rotation? Exact Hindi Translation:** – : 1- ? 2- ? 3- 4- ?

💡 Solution:

  • For First Figure (Triangle rotated about point O) / :
  1. Point of rotation / : O.
  2. Position of point / : Lies outside the figure. /
  3. Direction of rotation / : Clockwise / .
  4. Angle of rotation / : 90°.
  • For Second Figure (Triangle rotated about point M) / :
  1. Point of rotation / : M.
  2. Position of point / : Lies on the boundary/vertex of the figure. / /
  3. Direction of rotation / : Anticlockwise / .
  4. Angle of rotation / : 120°.

Q7

Verbatim English Question Part A On the basis…


📝 Question:

Verbatim English Question: Part A: On the basis of the above discussion complete the following table: Table columns: – Figure – How many lines of symmetry? – In one complete rotation how many times the same as original – Order of rotation Part B: How many lines of symmetry are there in regular polygon? Is there a relation in the number of sides and order of rotations in such a polygon? What is it? Exact Hindi Translation:** A: : B: ? ? ?

💡 Solution:

A regular polygon with n sides has exactly n lines of symmetry. Yes, there is a direct relation: For any regular polygon of n sides, the number of sides, the number of lines of symmetry, and the order of rotational symmetry are all equal to n.

Q8

Verbatim English Question 1 What symmetry can be…


📝 Question:

Verbatim English Question: 1. What symmetry can be seen in the following letters? Identify the point of symmetry and write it: I, F, N, H, G, A, O 2. Identify and write the type of symmetry in the following pictures? (Pictures: Upward arrow, Windmill/Pinwheel, Kiwi slices, Isosceles Trapezium, Starfish) Exact Hindi Translation:** 1. – ? / : I, F, N, H, G, A, O 2. ?

💡 Solution:

  • Sub-question 1 / – 1:
  • Letter I / I: Linear symmetry (2 lines) and rotational symmetry of order 2. Point of symmetry is the center of the letter I. / 2 I
  • Letter F / F: No line of symmetry and no rotational symmetry. /
  • Letter N / N: Rotational symmetry of order 2. Point of symmetry is the geometric center of N. / 2 N
  • Letter H / H: Linear symmetry (2 lines) and rotational symmetry of order 2. Point of symmetry is the center of H. / 2 H
  • Letter G / G: No line of symmetry and no rotational symmetry. /
  • Letter A / A: Linear symmetry (1 vertical line). No point of symmetry. /
  • Letter O / O: Linear symmetry (multiple lines) and rotational symmetry. Point of symmetry is the center of O. / O
  • Sub-question 2 / – 2:
  • Upward Arrow / : Linear symmetry (1 vertical line). /
  • Windmill (Pinwheel) / : Rotational symmetry. /
  • Kiwi Slices / : Linear symmetry. /
  • Isosceles Trapezium / : Linear symmetry (1 vertical line). /
  • Starfish / : Both linear symmetry (5 lines) and rotational symmetry (order 5). /

In-Text Q9

Verbatim English Question Look at Fig15i and Fig15ii…


📝 Question:

Verbatim English Question: Look at Fig.15(i) and Fig.15(ii) carefully. Identify the motif and draw. Exact Hindi Translation:** 15(i) 15(ii)

💡 Solution:

  • Fig. 15(i) / 15(i): The motif is a single ghost figure shape. / /
  • Fig. 15(ii) / 15(ii): The motif is a single fish shape. /

Section 2

End-of-Chapter Exercises

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise 12.1 / 12.1 (Page 250)

Verbatim English Question:

1- What particular operation is happening in each of these figures? Observe, think and decide in which transformation the figure obtained is congruent to the original figure?

Exact Hindi Translation:

Bilingual Solution / :

  • Step-by-step Solution / :
  • English:
  1. The transformations taking place in the figures are Rigid Transformations (Translation, Reflection, Rotation) and Non-Rigid Transformation (Scaling/Resizing).
  2. Under Translation (Shifting), Reflection (Overturning), and Rotation (Turning), the obtained figure retains its exact size and shape. Therefore, the figure obtained in these three transformations is congruent to the original figure.
  3. Under Scaling (Scaling up or down), the size changes while the shape remains similar. Thus, the figure obtained under scaling is NOT congruent to the original figure.
  • Hindi:
Exercise 12.2 / 12.2 (Pages 254

255)

Question 1

You have to make a border for the…


📝 Question:

**: You have to make a border for the wall of a room. Complete the following border: A, B, C, D, E, F. Look at the pattern and answer the following questions

💡 Solution:

You have to make a border for the wall of a room. Complete the following border: A, B, C, D, E, F. Look at the pattern and answer the following questions

(i) If you only had the figure ‘A’ as above, would you be able to make this complete pattern by translating, rotating or reflecting A?

(ii) Which figures can be obtained by transforming A? Which transformation will you use for this purpose?

(iii) Which transformation will you use to get D from B?

  • (i) Yes, if we only had figure A, the complete border pattern can be created by applying translation, reflection, and rotation on figure A.
  • (ii) Figures B, C, D, E, F can be obtained from A. Reflection (mirror flip) gives figure B from A. Translation (horizontal shift) along with reflection gives figures C, D, E, F.
  • (iii) To get figure D from figure B, we use Translation (shifting horizontally to the right).
  • (i) , A , A ,
  • (iii) B D *

Question 2

Taking l to be the line of reflection…


📝 Question:

**: Taking ‘l’ to be the line of reflection complete the pictures: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi).

💡 Solution:

Taking ‘l’ to be the line of reflection complete the pictures: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi).

  • For each picture (i) to (vi), draw the identical symmetrical half on the opposite side of line ‘l’ at the same distance, creating a complete mirror image symmetrical with respect to line ‘l’.

Question 3

Taking point M to be the point of…


📝 Question:

**: Taking point ‘M’ to be the point of rotation, rotate the following figures as directed

💡 Solution:

Taking point ‘M’ to be the point of rotation, rotate the following figures as directed

(i) Clockwise by 90°

(ii) Anticlockwise by 30°

(iii) Clockwise by 60°

  • (i) Rotating clockwise by 90° turns the given shape 90° to the right keeping point M fixed.
  • (ii) Rotating anticlockwise by 30° turns the given shape 30° to the left keeping point M fixed.
  • (iii) Rotating clockwise by 60° turns the given shape 60° to the right keeping point M fixed.

Question 4

Choose any shape of your choice Using translation…


📝 Question:

**: Choose any shape of your choice. Using translation, rotation, reflection design a border of the table cover.

💡 Solution:

Choose any shape of your choice. Using translation, rotation, reflection design a border of the table cover.

  • Select a geometric motif (e.g., a square or flower symbol). Translate it along the edge of the table cover and reflect or rotate it alternatively to construct a continuous symmetrical table cover border.

Question 5

Look carefully at each of the basic pattern…


📝 Question:

**: Look carefully at each of the basic pattern (motif) given on the right. Draw the next figure for each pattern. Which transformation did you use?

💡 Solution:

Look carefully at each of the basic pattern (motif) given on the right. Draw the next figure for each pattern. Which transformation did you use?

  • Identify the rule of pattern progression in each given motif row. Draw the next motif accordingly. The primary transformation used is Translation (sliding) and Reflection (flipping).

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise 12.3 / 12.3 (Page 258)

Question 1

Draw pictures of some objects that show


📝 Question:

**: Draw pictures of some objects that show

💡 Solution:

Draw pictures of some objects that show

(i) linear symmetry

(ii) rotational symmetry

  • (i) Objects showing Linear Symmetry: Butterfly, Human face, Taj Mahal, Isosceles triangle, Maple leaf.
  • (ii) Objects showing Rotational Symmetry: Ceiling fan blades, Pinwheel / Windmill, Wheel of a vehicle, Starfish, Square.
  • (i) : , , , ,

Question 2

Take a shape of your choice using it…


📝 Question:

**: Take a shape of your choice, using it as the motif, create a pattern.

💡 Solution:

Take a shape of your choice, using it as the motif, create a pattern.

  • Choose a motif (such as a triangle or diamond shape). Place it repeatedly on a plane without gaps or overlaps using translation and reflection to form a tessellated pattern.

Question 3

Identify English alphabet that have


📝 Question:

**: Identify English alphabet, that have

💡 Solution:

Identify English alphabet, that have

(i) two lines of symmetry

(ii) No lines of symmetry

(iii) rotational symmetry

  • (i) Alphabets with TWO lines of symmetry: H, I, O, X (These letters have both a horizontal and a vertical line of symmetry).
  • (ii) Alphabets with NO lines of symmetry: F, G, J, L, N, P, Q, R, S, Z.
  • (iii) Alphabets with Rotational Symmetry: H, I, N, O, S, X, Z (These letters look identical to their original form after a 180° rotation, i.e., order of rotation = 2).
  • (i) : H, I, O, X
  • (iii) : H, I, N, O, S, X, Z


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