Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 (formerly Chapter 15), Probability, concludes the NCERT Class 10 Mathematics textbook (2026-27) by moving from experimental (empirical) probability to classical (theoretical) probability of equally likely outcomes, complementary events, sure and impossible events, and classic problems on coins, dice, playing cards and number discs.
What Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Covers
14.1 Probability — A Theoretical Approach defines the theoretical (classical) probability of an event E when outcomes are equally likely as P(E) = Number of outcomes favourable to E / Number of all possible outcomes of the experiment, establishes that 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1, defines an elementary event, an impossible event ($P = 0$), a sure/certain event ($P = 1$), and the complementary event \bar{E} (‘not E‘) satisfying P(E) + P(\bar{E}) = 1.
Exercises in Chapter 14
- Exercise 14.1 (25 Questions) covers valid probability values, equally likely outcomes, P(not E) = 1 – P(E), drawing balls from a bag, defective pens/bulbs, a standard 52-card deck (4 suits of 13 cards each, 12 face cards), spinning wheel numbers, a single die and two dice (36 outcomes), two-numbered discs from 1 to 90, and tossing one, two or three coins.
Read Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Online
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- Previous: Chapter 13: Statistics
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FAQ
What is the probability of a sure event, an impossible event, and the complement of an event E?
The probability of a sure (certain) event is 1, the probability of an impossible event is 0, and for any event E, 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1 with P(E) + P(\bar{E}) = 1, so P(not E) = 1 – P(E).
How many face cards are there in a standard deck of 52 playing cards?
A standard deck of 52 cards has 4 suits (13 Spades, 13 Hearts, 13 Diamonds and 13 Clubs). Each suit has 3 face cards (King, Queen and Jack), giving 4 × 3 = 12 face cards in total (6 red and 6 black).