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DAV CLASS 8 | India Marches Ahead Science Question and Answers
Something to Know
A. Tick (✓) the correct option.
1. The first Governor-General of independent India was —
Ans 1. (a) Lord Mountbatten
2. Sikkim became a part of India in the year —
Ans 2. (c) 1975
3. Agricultural production in India shot up due to —
Ans 3. (c) Green Revolution
4. Who imposed emergency in India in 1975?
Ans 4. (b) Indira Gandhi
5. Pondichery was liberated from—
Ans 5. (b) the French
Ans. 1. (a), 2. (c), 3. (c), 4. (b), 5. (b)
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. The First Five Year Plan was presented for the period from 1951 to 1956.
2. The Indian Independence Act was based on Mountbatten Plan.
3. Chakravati Rajgopalachari was the last Governor-General of free India.
4. As per the Indian Independence Act 1947, the Princely States were given the freedom to decide with dominion to join.
5. The states of Junagrah and Hyderabad joined India after military action.
C. Write a technical term or an appropriate word for each of the following statements.
1. The institution responsible for holding free and fair elections in India.
Ans 1. Election Commission
2. The colonial state was liberated from the Portuguese in 1961.
Ans 2. Goa
3. The Assembly that made the Constitution of India.
Ans 3. Constituent Assembly
4. If needs be, it is formed after the elections to form a government.
Ans 4. Coalition Government
5. The architect of India’s foreign policy.
Ans 5. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
D. Answer the following questions in brief.
1. Who framed the Constitution of India and how?
Ans. The Constitution of India was framed by the Constituent Assembly formed with indirectly elected members of the Provisional Legislative Assemblies. It held its first session in 1946. It was re-assembled on August 14, 1947, as the sovereign Constituent Assembly for the dominion of India. The Constitution was passed on November 26, 1949, and adopted on January 26, 1950, when India became a Republic.
2. Describe India’s economic progress by highlighting the major achievements in this field.
Ans. Our economic progress can be witnessed in expansion and diversification of production both in industry and agriculture. The Government has built the infrastructure like power, information technology, communication, transport, etc., which are the basic requirement of the industry. Indian Government has also followed a policy of encouraging indigenous industries and given them a lot of assistance. In the agriculture sector mechanisation, irrigation, fertilisers and research have improved the scenario. As a result, the agricultural production has shot up both qualitatively and quantitatively. The progress and development can be witnessed in the Green Revolution, the White Revolution, etc.
3. Differentiate between a National Political Party and a Regional Political Party. Give one example of each.
Ans. National Political Party: The political party at the national level is called the National Party. For example, Indian National Congress. Regional Political Party: The political party at the state/regional level is called regional party. For example, Shiromani Akali Dal.
4. Explain any three challenges being faced by the Indian society even now?
Ans. (i) Better quality of education is required at all levels from basic literacy to hi-tech science and technology. (ii) Tackling issues related to population growth. (iii) Water conservations, peace and security are required.
5. ‘Our democratic government has also protected the interest of the backward sections of the society’. ‘Justify the statement by giving three arguments’.
Ans. While forming the Indian Constitution the framer of the Constitution realised that the economic conditions of the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes are very pitiable. They had to face many difficulties in everyday life due to their extreme poverty. So the uplift the condition of these weaker sections, the constitution framed legislations like provisions for reservation in the legislature, government jobs and educational institutions for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes. Since the Independence, these weaker sections’ conditions have improved in all respects. They are getting higher education, decent job and leading a decent life.
E. Answer the following questions.
1. State the main features of the Indian Independence Act, 1947.
Ans. The main features of the Indian Independence Act of 1947 were:
(i) The British rule of India would end with immediate effect.
(ii) An independent dominion of India was made including the United Provinces under the British like Madras Presidency, Carnatic, East Punjab, West Bengal, Assam, etc.
(iii) West Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh and East Bengal would go to Pakistan.
(iv) The Princely States were given the freedom to decide which dominion to join.
(v) The dominions of India and Pakistan were granted complete freedom and they became members of the British Commonwealth.
2. Describe the progress made by India in the field of industry and agriculture.
Ans. India’s economic progress can be witnessed in expansion and diversification of production both in industry and agriculture. Some of its achievements are given below:
(i) The government has built infrastructure like power, information technology, communication, transport, etc. which are the basic requirements of the industry.
(ii) The government has also followed a policy of encouraging indigenous industries and giving them a lot of assistance.
(iii) In the agriculture sector also, mechanisation, irrigation, fertilisers and research have improved the scenario. Agricultural production has shot up both qualitatively and quantitatively.
(iv) The Green Revolution and the White Revolution are also grand achievements in India.
3. Mention any five basic features of India’s foreign policy.
Ans. The basic features of India’s foreign policy are:
(i) Promotion of world peace
(ii) Anti-colonialism
(iii) Anti-imperialism
(iv) Anti-racialism
(v) Panchsheel
(vi) Non-alignment
(vii) Friendly relations with neighbours
(viii) Regional Cooperation
4. Highlight the main features of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s India Vision 2020.
Ans. Every country needs a vision that will stir the imagination and motivate all segments of society to greater effort. It is the dream of all Indians that India should emerge as a vibrant and dynamic country and make great progress in all fields. Better quality of education is required at all levels from basic literacy to hi-tech science and technology, raising of agricultural productivity and industrial quality, spurring the growth of IT and biotechnology, improving health and nutrition, tackling issues related to population growth, energy and water conservation, peace and security are required. In the words of our late-President Dr. Abdul Kalam, the day is not far when enlightened and ignited minds will transform India into a competitive beautiful nation.’
5. Why did India opt for a democratic set-up? In your opinion, how far have we succeeded in this respect?
Ans. The path that independent India had to follow was planned during the freedom struggle itself. It aimed at vesting the sovereign power in the hand of the people. Hence, India opted for a democracy. It was necessary to have a system where every section of society would be represented. Every community, religion and language would enjoy equal status. Equality means equality of status and opportunity without any discrimination. Our democratic government has also protected the interest of the backward sections of society.