CG Board Class 9 Science Chapter 1 Solutions: Biodiversity and Classification (जैव विविधता एवं वर्गीकरण) – 2026-27

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CG SCERT (Chhattisgarh Board) Class 9 Science Solutions | 2026-27 Official Edition

Complete 100% textbook-grounded CG Board Class 9 Science Chapter 1 Solutions: Biodiversity and Classification (जैव विविधता एवं वर्गीकरण) in Bilingual Format (English & Hindi Medium).

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Part 1

In-Text & Activity Questions

Question 1

Section 11


📝 Question:

(Section 1.1)

💡 Solution:

Discuss with your friends whether members of same species always share the same properties?

No, members of the same species share many fundamental similarities, but they also express individual differences known as variations. For example, all human beings belong to the single species Homo sapiens, yet individuals vary in height, weight, palm size, and finger proportions.

Question 2

Section 11 Activity 1 Neem Plants


📝 Question:

(Section 1.1 / Activity 1: Neem Plants)

💡 Solution:

What differences did you observe in the similar looking neem plants?

Upon detailed observation of similar looking neem plants, variations are observed in stem length, total number of leaves, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf margins, and shades of green color.

Question 3

Section 11 Activity 2 Observing Humans


📝 Question:

(Section 1.1 / Activity 2: Observing Humans)

💡 Solution:

Which of these properties were similar (at least in some individuals)?

Features such as height, weight, length of pointer finger, and palm dimensions were found to be similar or close among some classmates.

Question 4

Section 11 Activity 2


📝 Question:

(Section 1.1 / Activity 2)

💡 Solution:

Which of these were different in all individuals?

The thumb imprint (thumb print) was found to be distinct and different in every single individual.

Question 5

Section 11 Activity 2


📝 Question:

(Section 1.1 / Activity 2)

💡 Solution:

Could you find any two individuals of your class whose properties were exactly the same?

No, no two individuals in a classroom share 100% identical physical dimensions and thumb imprints.

Question 6

Section 12 Activity 3 Grouping Objects


📝 Question:

(Section 1.2 / Activity 3: Grouping Objects)

💡 Solution:

What are the different properties that you kept in your mind to form groups?

Properties such as constituent material (wood, glass, plastic), geometric shape (cuboidal, spherical), and utility/function (writing, playing, measuring) were used to create groups.

Question 7

Section 12 Activity 3


📝 Question:

(Section 1.2 / Activity 3)

💡 Solution:

In which group could you keep maximum objects together?

Broad functional groups, such as “Things used for study/writing” or “Things not made of wood,” included the highest number of items.

Question 8

Section 12 Activity 3


📝 Question:

(Section 1.2 / Activity 3)

💡 Solution:

On the basis of which specific property could you form a group with minimum of the given things?

Highly specific material criteria, such as “Things made of glass” (test tube, lens, plane mirror, piece of glass), yielded groups with the smallest number of objects.

Question 9

Section 144 Plant Kingdom


📝 Question:

(Section 1.4.4: Plant Kingdom)

💡 Solution:

Observe the leaves of some plants like mango, rice, mahua, grass, maize. What is the relation that you find in the type of root and venation of leaves?

  1. Plants with reticulate venation (e.g., mango, mahua) possess a tap root system and belong to dicotyledons.
  2. Plants with parallel venation (e.g., rice, grass, maize) possess an adventitious root system and belong to monocotyledons.

Question 10

Section 145 Animal Kingdom


📝 Question:

(Section 1.4.5: Animal Kingdom)

💡 Solution:

Write a major difference between fishes and mammals.

  • Fishes: Skin is covered with scales, hair is absent, respiratory organs are gills, and they lay eggs.
  • Mammals: Skin is covered with hair, external ears are present, and they generally give birth to live young ones.

Part 2

End-of-Chapter Exercises

Exercise Question 1

Choose the correct option

(i) In classification – / –

(ii) A dicotyledonous plant is – / (dicotyledonous) –

(b) Grass /

(c) Banana /

(d) Mustard /

  • Correct Option / : (d) Mustard / .
Exercise Question 2

Fill in the blanks

–

Answer / : Classification / .

–

(iii) ……………………….. gave the 5 kingdom classification. / 5 ………………………..

–

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 3

Write two characteristic features of Kingdom Fungi that distinguish it from other kingdoms. / (Fungi)

  • English:
  1. Cell Wall Composition & Non-photosynthetic Nature: Fungi possess cell walls composed of chitin/complex carbohydrates but lack chlorophyll, making them heterotrophic, unlike green plants.
  2. Modes of Nutrition: Fungi absorb nutrients as saprophytes (from dead matter), parasites, or symbionts (like lichens), carrying out heterotrophic feeding without chloroplasts.
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 4

Write two differences between amphibians and reptiles. / (Amphibians) (Reptiles)

  • English:
  1. Skin Structure: Amphibians have moist, smooth skin devoid of scales, whereas Reptiles have dry skin without moisture.
  2. Habitat & Egg Laying: Amphibians inhabit both aquatic and terrestrial environments and lay non-cleidoic eggs in water, whereas Reptiles are adapted primarily to land and lay eggs on land.
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 5

  • English:

Although fungi possess a cell wall, they lack chloroplasts and chlorophyll, rendering them completely heterotrophic. Plants are autotrophic organisms that contain chloroplasts and synthesize food via photosynthesis with cellulosic cell walls. Fungi acquire nutrition through saprophytic or parasitic means, absorbing dissolved organic matter. Due to these fundamental metabolic and structural differences, fungi are categorized separately from Kingdom Plantae.

  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 6

  • English:

Snake and tortoise are classified under the same class Reptilia because they share essential diagnostic characteristics:

  1. Both are cold-blooded vertebrates possessing a vertebral column (Phylum Chordata).
  2. Their body skin is dry and without moisture, lacking hair or feathers.
  3. They reproduce by laying eggs on land.
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 7

  • English:

Classification is required for the following reasons:

  1. Systematic Study: It allows us to study the vast variety of living organisms in an organized, simple, and logical manner.
  2. Identification & Relationship: It helps in identifying unknown organisms and understanding evolutionary relationships between different biological groups.
  3. Hierarchical Organization: It provides a standardized framework to locate each species within the scheme of life.
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 8

What do you understand by binomial nomenclature? How do we write the names of organisms in this system? Give at least two examples. / (binomial nomenclature) ? ?

  • English:

Binomial Nomenclature: It is a universally accepted system of scientific naming proposed by Carolus Linnaeus, wherein each species receives a two-word scientific name.

Rules for Writing:

  1. The first word represents the Genus (starts with a capital letter), and the second word represents the Species (written in all lowercase).
  2. The name is printed in italics or separately underlined when handwritten.

Examples:

  1. Human / : Homo sapiens
  2. Frog / : Rana tigrina
  3. Lion / : Panthera leo
  • Hindi:
  1. : Homo sapiens
  2. : Rana tigrina
  3. : Panthera leo
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 9

  • English:

Bats and rats are both mammals belonging to Class Mammalia and share the following characteristics:

  1. Presence of a vertebral column and internal skeleton (Phylum Chordata).
  2. Presence of hair on their skin.
  3. Presence of external ears (pinnae).
  4. They are warm-blooded animals that give birth to live offspring and produce milk through mammary glands.
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 10

  • English:

Basis of Five Kingdom Classification (proposed by R.H. Whittaker in 1969):

  1. Presence or absence of nuclear membrane (Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic).
  2. Complexity of body organization (Unicellular vs Multicellular).
  3. Mode of obtaining nutrition (Autotrophic vs Heterotrophic).

Detailed Overview of the Five Kingdoms:

  1. Kingdom Monera: Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms lacking a nuclear membrane; autotrophic or heterotrophic. Examples: Bacteria, Cyanobacteria (Anabaena).
  2. Kingdom Protista: Unicellular, eukaryotic organisms with defined nuclear membranes; autotrophic or heterotrophic. Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena.
  3. Kingdom Fungi: Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms with cell walls, lacking chlorophyll; saprophytic or parasitic nutrition. Examples: Yeast, Mushroom, Mucor.
  4. Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic organisms containing chloroplasts and cellulosic cell walls. Examples: Algae, Moss, Fern, Cycas, Neem, Wheat.
  5. Kingdom Animalia: Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms lacking cell walls and chloroplasts; nutrition primarily by ingestion. Examples: Fish, Frog, Lizard, Birds, Lion, Man.
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 11

  • English:

This statement is justified by examining the historical evolution of biological classification systems:

  1. Habitat-based classification: Aristotle classified organisms based on habitat into land and water dwellers.
  2. Two-Kingdom system: Linnaeus classified organisms into Plant and Animal kingdoms based on visible morphological characters and reproductive organs.
  3. Five-Kingdom system: As high-magnification microscopes revealed internal cell structures, Whittaker modified the basis to cellular structure (prokaryote vs eukaryote), body complexity, and modes of nutrition, resulting in the 5 Kingdom classification.

Thus, whenever the underlying scientific criteria or tools change, the system of classification naturally evolves to accommodate newly revealed biological facts.

  • Hindi:

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