CG Board Class 9 Science Chapter 5 Solutions: Force and Laws of Motion (बल एवं गति के नियम) – 2026-27

CG SCERT (Chhattisgarh Board) Class 9 Science Solutions | 2026-27 Official Edition

Complete 100% textbook-grounded CG Board Class 9 Science Chapter 5 Solutions: Force and Laws of Motion (बल एवं गति के नियम) in Bilingual Format (English & Hindi Medium).


🌐 Select Language / माध्यम चुनें:

Part 1

In-Text Questions, Activities, & Discussion Prompts

Section 5.0 / Activity 1

Ball on Different Surfaces

Question 1

Did the ball cover the same distance on…


📝 Question:

**: Did the ball cover the same distance on all the surfaces?

💡 Solution:

Did the ball cover the same distance on all the surfaces?

No, the ball covered different distances on different surfaces depending on the roughness of each surface.

Question 2

Arrange the distance covered by the ball on…


📝 Question:

**: Arrange the distance covered by the ball on different surfaces in a particular order.

💡 Solution:

Arrange the distance covered by the ball on different surfaces in a particular order.

Distance covered in increasing order: Sand tray < Smooth wooden plank < Smooth plastic tray < Oiled smooth tray.

Question 3

In which situation did the ball cover maximum…


📝 Question:

**: In which situation did the ball cover maximum distance and why?

💡 Solution:

In which situation did the ball cover maximum distance and why?

The ball covered the maximum distance on the oiled smooth surface because the oil reduces surface irregularities, thereby minimizing the force of friction acting against the ball’s motion.

Question 4

State which of the surfaces in the given…


📝 Question:

**: State which of the surfaces in the given activity applies the smallest frictional force?

💡 Solution:

State which of the surfaces in the given activity applies the smallest frictional force?

The oiled smooth plastic surface exerts the smallest frictional force.

Question 5

What would happen if the frictional force on…


📝 Question:

**: What would happen if the frictional force on a surface becomes zero? Will the object ever stop?

💡 Solution:

What would happen if the frictional force on a surface becomes zero? Will the object ever stop?

If the frictional force becomes zero and no other external opposing force acts on the object, the object will continue to move forever at a constant velocity without ever stopping.

Section 5.0 & 5.1

Inertia and Vehicle Motion

Question 6

Give some examples of inertia from daily life…


📝 Question:

**: Give some examples of inertia from daily life. Why does a person sitting inside a moving vehicle bend forward when brakes are applied suddenly?

💡 Solution:

Give some examples of inertia from daily life. Why does a person sitting inside a moving vehicle bend forward when brakes are applied suddenly?

  • Reason: The passenger’s lower body in contact with the seat stops immediately with the vehicle, but the upper body tends to remain in motion due to the inertia of motion, causing the passenger to bend forward.
  • Examples: Dust falling off a beaten rug, or water droplets flying off an umbrella when shaken rapidly.

Question 7

Why does a person bend backwards when a…


📝 Question:

**: Why does a person bend backwards when a vehicle starts to move suddenly?

💡 Solution:

Why does a person bend backwards when a vehicle starts to move suddenly?

When the vehicle starts suddenly, the feet/lower body move forward along with the vehicle, while the upper body remains at rest due to the inertia of rest, causing the body to tilt backward.

Question 8

Activity 2 Plastic Bottles


📝 Question:

(Activity 2: Plastic Bottles)

💡 Solution:

When pushing two plastic bottles ‘A’ (empty) and ‘B’ (filled with water), which bottle fell easily and why?

The empty bottle ‘A’ fell easily because it has less mass, and therefore less inertia, offering less resistance to the external force.

Question 9

Activity 2 Bicycle Braking


📝 Question:

(Activity 2: Bicycle Braking)

💡 Solution:

Why is it easier to stop a bicycle when riding alone compared to when a friend sits behind on the carrier?

Adding a friend increases the total mass of the system. Since mass is the measure of inertia, the heavier system has greater inertia of motion and requires a larger braking force to bring it to rest.

Section 5.3

First Law of Motion Examples

Question 10

Why do dust particles get removed on beating…


📝 Question:

**: Why do dust particles get removed on beating a blanket with a rod?

💡 Solution:

Why do dust particles get removed on beating a blanket with a rod?

When the blanket is beaten, it suddenly moves into motion. The dust particles tend to stay at rest due to the inertia of rest and separate out from the fabric.

Question 11

Why do fruits drop down when the branch…


📝 Question:

**: Why do fruits drop down when the branch of a tree is shaken vigorously?

💡 Solution:

Why do fruits drop down when the branch of a tree is shaken vigorously?

Shaking sets the branches in motion, but the attached fruits remain at rest due to inertia of rest. The resulting force breaks the stem, and gravity pulls the fruits down.

Question 12

When we jump vertically inside a uniformly moving…


📝 Question:

**: When we jump vertically inside a uniformly moving train, why do we land back in the exact same position?

💡 Solution:

When we jump vertically inside a uniformly moving train, why do we land back in the exact same position?

While inside the moving train, the jumper possesses the same horizontal velocity as the train. Due to the inertia of motion, the horizontal velocity remains unchanged during the jump, causing the person to land at the exact same spot.

Section 5.4

Linear Momentum and Impact

Question 13

If a tennis ball and a cricket ball…


📝 Question:

**: If a tennis ball and a cricket ball thrown at the same high speed hit you, which one causes more hurt and why?

💡 Solution:

If a tennis ball and a cricket ball thrown at the same high speed hit you, which one causes more hurt and why?

The cricket ball causes more hurt because its mass is significantly greater than that of the tennis ball, giving it a much larger momentum (P = mv) at the same speed.

Question 14

If a bicycle and a truck moving at…


📝 Question:

**: If a bicycle and a truck moving at the same velocity hit a wall, which one causes greater damage? Why?

💡 Solution:

If a bicycle and a truck moving at the same velocity hit a wall, which one causes greater damage? Why?

The truck causes far greater damage because its mass is extremely large compared to the bicycle, resulting in a massive momentum and a huge impact force upon stopping.

Question 15

Activity 4


📝 Question:

(Activity 4)

💡 Solution:

When a cricket ball and a plastic ball are dropped simultaneously from the same height onto wet sand, is their impact identical? Why does a ball dropped from a greater height sink deeper?

  1. The impact is not identical; the heavier cricket ball leaves a deeper impression due to its greater mass.
  2. When dropped from a greater height, the ball attains a higher velocity before impact, resulting in greater momentum (P = mv) and thus sinking deeper.

Section 5.5

Discuss Section 1 Questions & Numericals

Question 16

Why does a fielder pull his hands backward…


📝 Question:

**: Why does a fielder pull his hands backward while catching a fast-moving cricket ball?

💡 Solution:

Why does a fielder pull his hands backward while catching a fast-moving cricket ball?

Pulling the hands backward increases the time interval (Δ t) over which the ball’s momentum is reduced to zero. According to Newton’s second law (F = (Δ P)/(Δ t)), increasing Δ t significantly reduces the retarding force exerted on the hands, preventing injury.

Question 17

Why do we get hurt more when jumping…


📝 Question:

**: Why do we get hurt more when jumping on a cemented floor than on a pile of hay from the same height?

💡 Solution:

Why do we get hurt more when jumping on a cemented floor than on a pile of hay from the same height?

On a cemented floor, the body comes to rest almost instantaneously (Δ t ≈ 0), resulting in a very large reaction force. On a pile of hay, the body sinks in gradually, increasing Δ t and thereby reducing the force acting on the legs.

Question 18

Numerical


📝 Question:

(Numerical)

💡 Solution:

A body moving at a constant speed is brought to rest in 0.25 s by applying a force of 200 N. Calculate the initial momentum of the body.

  • Retarding force F = 200 N
  • Time interval Δ t = 0.25 s
  • Final velocity v = 0 ⇒ Final momentum P2 = 0
  • According to Newton’s Second Law: F = (Δ P)/(Δ t) = (P1 – P2)/(Δ t)
  • 200 = (P1 – 0)/(0.25) ⇒ P1 = 200 × 0.25 = 50 kg m/s.

Question 19

Numerical


📝 Question:

(Numerical)

💡 Solution:

A force of 5 N produces an acceleration of 8 m/s2 on mass m1 and 24 m/s2 on mass m2. What acceleration would the same force produce if both masses are tied together?

  • m1 = F/a1 = 5/8 kg = 0.625 kg
  • m2 = F/a2 = 5/24 kg ≈ 0.2083 kg
  • Total mass M = m1 + m2 = 5/8 + 5/24 = (15 + 5)/(24) = 20/24 = 5/6 kg
  • Combined acceleration a = F/M = 5/5/6 = 6 m/s2.

Question 20

If the net unbalanced force becomes zero will…


📝 Question:

**: If the net unbalanced force becomes zero, will the momentum also become zero? Explain.

💡 Solution:

If the net unbalanced force becomes zero, will the momentum also become zero? Explain.

No, if the net unbalanced force is zero (F = 0), then (Δ P)/(Δ t) = 0, which means momentum P remains constant over time. If the object was already moving, it continues to move with constant non-zero momentum.

Section 5.6 & 5.7

Discuss Section 2 Questions & Conservation Numerical

Question 21

If action and reaction are always equal and…


📝 Question:

**: If action and reaction are always equal and opposite, explain how a bull is able to pull a cart forward.

💡 Solution:

If action and reaction are always equal and opposite, explain how a bull is able to pull a cart forward.

The bull pushes the ground backward with its feet at an angle (Faction). The ground exerts an equal and opposite reaction force (Freaction) forward on the bull. When the forward horizontal component of this ground reaction force exceeds the frictional force of the cart’s wheels, the bull and cart accelerate forward.

Question 22

The motion of a rocket is based on…


📝 Question:

**: The motion of a rocket is based on which law or concept?

💡 Solution:

The motion of a rocket is based on which law or concept?

Rocket motion is based on Newton’s Third Law of Motion (action-reaction) and the Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum.

Question 23

Why does a firefighter experience a strong backward…


📝 Question:

**: Why does a firefighter experience a strong backward push when holding a hose that ejects water at high speed?

💡 Solution:

Why does a firefighter experience a strong backward push when holding a hose that ejects water at high speed?

As water rushes out of the nozzle forward at high speed (Faction), it exerts an equal and opposite reaction force (Freaction) backward on the hose pipe, pushing the firefighter backward.

Question 24

Intext Numerical on Conservation of Momentum


📝 Question:

(In-text Numerical on Conservation of Momentum)

💡 Solution:

Two bodies of masses 1 kg and 2 kg are moving in the same direction at 2 m/s and 1 m/s respectively. They collide, and after collision, the velocity of the first body becomes 1.5 m/s. Find the velocity of the second body after collision.

  • m1 = 1 kg, u1 = 2 m/s, v1 = 1.5 m/s
  • m2 = 2 kg, u2 = 1 m/s, v2 = ?
  • By Law of Conservation of Momentum: m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v1 + m2 v2
  • (1 × 2) + (2 × 1) = (1 × 1.5) + (2 × v2)
  • 2 + 2 = 1.5 + 2 v2 ⇒ 4 = 1.5 + 2 v2
  • 2 v2 = 2.5 ⇒ v2 = 1.25 m/s.

Part 2

End-of-Chapter Exercises

Exercise Question 1

Choose the correct option

(b) only velocity /

(ii) A boy sitting on the uppermost berth of a train drops a mango in the open hands of his brother sitting right below him while the train is coming to a halt. Where will the mango fall? / ?

(a) right in his brother’s hand /

(b) Some distance away from his hand opposite to the direction of train /

(c) Some distance away from his hands in the direction of the train /

  • Correct Option / : (c) Some distance away from his hands in the direction of the train / .

(d) Law of conservation of momentum /

  • Correct Option / : (d) Law of conservation of momentum / .

(a) 500 N

(b) 500 kg m/s

(c) 30 kg m/s

(d) 30 N

  • Correct Option / : (c) 30 kg m/s.
  • Step-by-step Calculation:

Δ P = F × Δ t = 500 N × 0.06 s = 30 kg m/s.

Exercise Question 2

Fill in the blanks

–

(ii) Both the ends of a balance are pulled with a weight of 20-20 kg on each side. The reading on the balance is …………………………… / 20-20 kg ……………………………

–

–

–

(v) Force is a ………………………………. quantity. / ……………………………….

–

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 3

  • English: Steel will have the maximum inertia. Since all three solids have identical volume, the solid with the highest density (steel) has the greatest mass. Because mass is the quantitative measure of inertia, the steel block possesses the highest inertia.
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 4

  • English: When falling on a hard floor, the utensils stop almost instantaneously (Δ t ≈ 0), resulting in a massive reaction force that shatters the glass. On sand, the sand yields and increases the stopping time (Δ t), drastically reducing the impact force.
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 5

  • English:
  • Mathematical Form: F = ma = m (v – u)/(t)
  • Symbols:
  • F = Applied unbalanced force (in Newtons, N)
  • m = Mass of the body (in kg)
  • a = Acceleration produced (in m/s2)
  • u = Initial velocity (in m/s)
  • v = Final velocity (in m/s)
  • t = Time interval (in seconds, s)
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 6

  • English: When a gun shoots a bullet forward (Faction), the bullet exerts an equal and opposite reaction force (Freaction) backward on the gun according to Newton’s Third Law, causing the gun to recoil.
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 7

  • English: When the bus accelerates or turns suddenly, the luggage tends to remain at rest or move straight due to the inertia of rest/direction, risking falling off. When brakes are applied, inertia of motion can throw it forward. Tying it with rope prevents displacement.
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 8

  • English:
  • Let mass of heavy body be M and lighter body be m (M > m).
  • Let their velocities be V and v respectively.
  • Given identical momentum: P = M V = m v ⇒ v/V = M/m
  • Since M > m ⇒ M/m > 1 ⇒ v/V > 1 ⇒ v > V.
  • Hence, the lighter body has a higher velocity.
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 9

  • English:
  1. Refutation: Action and reaction forces act on two different objects, so they never cancel each other out.
  2. Reason for no motion: The static friction between the heavy car’s tires and the road is greater than the muscular push exerted by a single person. The car remains at rest because the pushing force fails to overcome static friction, not because of reaction cancellation.
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 10 (Numerical)

Step-by-step Solution /

  • English:
  • Given: m = 50 kg, u = 4 m/s, v = 7 m/s, t = 6 s
  • Initial Momentum (P1) = m × u = 50 × 4 = 200 kg m/s
  • Final Momentum (P2) = m × v = 50 × 7 = 350 kg m/s
  • Applied Force (F) = (P2 – P1)/(t) = (350 – 200)/(6) = 150/6 = 25 N.
  • Hindi:
  • (F) = (P2 – P1)/(t) = (350 – 200)/(6) = 150/6 = 25 N
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 11

–

  • English: By Newton’s Third Law, both balls experience an equal magnitude of collision force. However, the lighter tennis ball experiences a greater change in motion/direction.

(ii) The momentum of which ball will change more? / ?

–

  • English: The football undergoes a greater change in momentum because its mass is significantly larger (mf > mt ⇒ Δ Pf = mf v > mt v).

(iii) The acceleration of which ball will be greatest? / ?

–

  • English: The tennis ball has the greatest acceleration because acceleration is inversely proportional to mass (a = F/m) for an equal force.
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 12

  • English:
  • Consider two bodies A and B of masses m_A, m_B with initial velocities u_A, u_B colliding for time t.
  • Force exerted by A on B: FAB = m_B (v_B – u_B)/(t)
  • Force exerted by B on A: FBA = m_A (v_A – u_A)/(t)
  • By Newton’s Third Law: FAB = -FBA
  • m_B (v_B – u_B)/(t) = -m_A (v_A – u_A)/(t)
  • m_B v_B – m_B u_B = -m_A v_A + m_A u_A
  • Rearranging terms: m_A v_A + m_B v_B = m_A u_A + m_B u_B
  • Total momentum after collision = Total momentum before collision.
  • Hindi:
  • A B u_A, u_B , t
  • A B : FAB = m_B (v_B – u_B)/(t)
  • B A : FBA = m_A (v_A – u_A)/(t)
  • m_B (v_B – u_B)/(t) = -m_A (v_A – u_A)/(t)
  • m_B v_B – m_B u_B = -m_A v_A + m_A u_A
  • m_A v_A + m_B v_B = m_A u_A + m_B u_B
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 13 (Graph Numerical)

`

Y (Force in N)

^

10 | +——————–+

| /| |

5 | / | |

| / | |

0 +—–+—+——————–+—> X (Time in sec)

0 2 4 6 8 10

`

Step-by-step Solution /

  • English:
  • The change in momentum (Δ P) equals the total area under the Force-Time (F-t) graph from t = 0 to t = 10 s.
  • Area = Area of Triangle (0 to 4 s) + Area of Rectangle (4 to 10 s)
  • Area of Triangle = 1/2 × base × height = 1/2 × 4 × 10 = 20 N s
  • Area of Rectangle = length × breadth = (10 – 4) × 10 = 6 × 10 = 60 N s
  • Total Change in Momentum (Δ P) = 20 + 60 = 80 kg m/s.
  • Hindi:

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