CG Board Class 9 Science Chapter 13 Solutions: Our Health (हमारा स्वास्थ्य) – 2026-27

Discuss with your friends and make a list of all such situations when you do not feel healthy. Differentiate between being healthy and unhealthy.

• Situations when one does not feel healthy: Experiencing headache, body pain, fever, fatigue, stomach ache, loose motions, or mental stress.
• Difference between Healthy and Unhealthy

1. Healthy: Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being that enables an individual to perform daily duties skillfully and efficiently.
2. Unhealthy: Being unhealthy means experiencing discomfort or a disturbed ease, where physical or mental functioning is impaired, preventing the person from performing daily work properly.

Answer the following regarding your surroundings

1. Does every house in your locality have a supply of clean drinking water?
2. Where is the waste generated from your house thrown?
3. How is the waste generated in your colony managed?
4. How often are the roads and drains of your colony cleaned?
5. In most structured localities, clean tap water or filtered municipal water is supplied, but in some areas, water contamination occurs due to leaking pipes.
6. Household waste is collected separately as wet and dry waste in covered dustbins.
7. Municipal waste collection vehicles collect the waste daily from households for proper segregation and disposal.
8. Drains and roads are swept regularly (daily or weekly) to prevent stagnation of wastewater and accumulation of dirt, which reduces the breeding of harmful vectors like mosquitoes.

Find out from a doctor what all can be determined from test of mucous (sputum), blood, urine, and stool.

• Mucous (Sputum) Test: Detects respiratory tract infections, such as Tuberculosis (T.B.) bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) or pneumonia causing microbes.
• Blood Test: Confirms infections like Malaria, Typhoid, Dengue, hemoglobin levels (anemia), white blood cell counts, and viral infections like HIV.
• Urine Test: Determines kidney function, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes (glucose level), and presence of bilirubin (jaundice).
• Stool Test: Detects intestinal parasitic infections (like Ascaris roundworms), bacterial gut infections causing diarrhea, and internal gastrointestinal bleeding.

Did you or any of your family members ever suffer from diarrhea? Make a list of reasons for having diarrhea and separate out the immediate causes from the contributory ones.

• Immediate Causes: Infection by disease-causing viruses, bacteria, or protozoa present in contaminated water or food.
• Contributory Causes

1. Consumption of unhygienic or polluted drinking water due to poor public sanitation in the surroundings.
2. Malnourishment or lack of a balanced, nutritive diet leading to a weakened immune system.
3. Genetic predisposition making an individual more prone to specific infections.

Doctors, nurses, and other health workers are more in contact with patients than other people. Find out how they keep themselves safe from getting infected.

Health workers protect themselves by

1. Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) like face masks, gloves, safety goggles, and protective gowns.
2. Frequently washing and sanitizing hands before and after examining patients.
3. Getting vaccinated against communicable diseases like Hepatitis B, Influenza, and Tetanus.
4. Ensuring proper sterilization of medical instruments and safe disposal of used syringes and biomedical waste.

Discuss with your friends whether it is fair to always stay away from a person suffering from a disease?

No, it is not fair or necessary to isolate or stay away from every sick person. Non-infectious diseases (such as cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, or sickle cell anemia) do not spread from person to person through casual contact. Even for infectious diseases, maintaining reasonable hygiene precautions (like wearing masks or avoiding direct body fluids) is sufficient rather than socially isolating or discriminating against the patient.

How do non-infectious diseases occur in humans?

Non-infectious diseases are caused by internal, non-microbial factors rather than external infectious agents. These include genetic abnormalities (e.g., sickle cell anemia), metabolic organ dysfunctions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension), lifestyle factors like excessive weight and lack of physical exercise, and exposure to toxic substances or radiation leading to conditions like cancer.

‘Immune system plays a major role in prevention of diseases.’ Explain this statement with respect to AIDS.

The immune system actively identifies and destroys disease-causing microbes. In AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the virus specifically targets and damages the immune system’s cells. Consequently, the body loses its capacity to fight off even minor everyday infections; a common cold can escalate into fatal pneumonia, and a mild gut infection can cause severe diarrhea with blood loss. This demonstrates that the immune system is essential for preventing and surviving diseases.

1. Write about some ways that can prevent us from having a disease.
2. Were you ever vaccinated? Find out from your parents the vaccines that were administered to you.
3. Preventive measures: Maintaining personal and public cleanliness, consuming safe and clean drinking water, taking a nutrient-rich balanced diet, engaging in regular physical exercise, avoiding stagnated water to check mosquito breeding, and getting timely vaccinations.
4. Common Vaccines: Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), BCG (for Tuberculosis), DPT (for Diphtheria, Pertussis/Whooping Cough, and Tetanus), Hepatitis B, MMR (for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella).