CG Board Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Solutions: Gravitation (गुरुत्वाकर्षण) – 2026-27

CG SCERT (Chhattisgarh Board) Class 9 Science Solutions | 2026-27 Official Edition

Complete 100% textbook-grounded CG Board Class 9 Science Chapter 11 Solutions: Gravitation (गुरुत्वाकर्षण) in Bilingual Format (English & Hindi Medium).


🌐 Select Language / माध्यम चुनें:

Part 1

In-Text Questions, Activities, & Tables

Section 11.1

Concept of Gravitation

  • English: Can you tell what effect will the increase or decrease of the value of G have on our daily lives? What would have happened if there was no gravitational force? Discuss with your friends in a group.
  • English:
  1. Effect of change in G: If G increases, gravitational attraction will become much stronger, making objects significantly heavier, causing structures to collapse under their weight, and pulling atmospheric gases closer. If G decreases, weight will reduce, making walking, holding objects, and planetary orbits unstable.
  2. If there were no gravitational force: Objects, water, atmosphere, and living beings would float away into space. Planets would cease to revolve around the Sun, and Earth would lose its atmosphere, making life impossible.
  • Hindi:
  • English: Calculate the force of attraction between you and a friend sitting at a distance of 1 m from you. Do you feel this force? If not then why?

Step-by-step Solution /

  • English:
  • Assume mass of student m1 = 50 kg, mass of friend m2 = 50 kg, distance r = 1 m, G = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2/kg2.
  • Formula: F = G (m1 m2)/(r2) = (6.67 × 10-11 × 50 × 50)/(12) = 1.6675 × 10-7 N.
  • Reason for not feeling: This force (1.67 × 10-7 N) is extremely small compared to the force of friction between our bodies and the floor, so we do not feel it.
  • Hindi:
  • : F = G (m1 m2)/(r2) = (6.67 × 10-11 × 50 × 50)/(12) = 1.6675 × 10-7 N
Section 11.2

Gravitational Acceleration ‘g’

  • English: Is the value of ‘g’ same at all places on earth? Does the value of ‘g’ depend on the mass of the body? Is the value of ‘g’ on the equator of earth and the poles same? Where will its value be greater?
  • English:
  1. No, the value of g is not same at all places on Earth.
  2. g = GM/R2 does not depend on the mass, volume, or nature of the falling body.
  3. The value of g is greater at the poles and smaller at the equator because Earth is flattened at the poles, making equatorial radius Re larger than polar radius Rp.
  • Hindi:
Section 11.3

Free Fall

Travelled Distance sSpeed of Object ASpeed of Object BTime taken by ATime taken by B
0 m0 m/s0 m/s0 s0 s
10 m10√2 ≈ 14.14 m/s10√2 ≈ 14.14 m/s√2 ≈ 1.41 s√2 ≈ 1.41 s
20 m20 m/s20 m/s2 s2 s
100 m20√5 ≈ 44.72 m/s20√5 ≈ 44.72 m/s2√5 ≈ 4.47 s2√5 ≈ 4.47 s
  • Given: Object A (2 kg) and Object B (10 kg) dropped from 100 m height (g = 10 m/s2).
  • Formulas: v = √(2gs), t = √(2s/g).
  • Conclusion: Mass of an object does not affect its speed during free fall. Both objects fall at the exact same rate.
Question 1

Section 113


📝 Question:

(Section 11.3)

💡 Solution:

An object of mass ‘m’ is dropped from a height ‘h’ above the surface of earth. What will be its velocity just before reaching the surface of earth?

  • Initial velocity u = 0, acceleration a = +g, distance s = h.
  • Using third equation of motion: v2 = u2 + 2gh ⇒ v2 = 0 + 2gh ⇒ v = √(2gh).

Question 2

Section 113


📝 Question:

(Section 11.3)

💡 Solution:

Throw a ball vertically upwards with a speed of 5 m/s. How much height will the ball reach and after how long will it return back to your hands? In which position of the ball, its speed will be minimum and what will be its value?

  • Given: u = 5 m/s, final velocity at max height v = 0, g = 10 m/s2.
  • Maximum height h: v2 = u2 – 2gh ⇒ 0 = 52 – 2(10)h ⇒ 20h = 25 ⇒ h = 1.25 m.
  • Time to reach top t1: v = u – gt ⇒ 0 = 5 – 10t1 ⇒ t1 = 0.5 s.
  • Total time to return T = 2 × t1 = 2 × 0.5 = 1 s.
  • Speed is minimum (0 m/s) at the highest point (1.25 m).

Section 11.4

Mass and Weight

Question 1

Section 114


📝 Question:

(Section 11.4)

💡 Solution:

Mass of the moon is Mmoon = 7 × 1022 kg and its radius is Rmoon = 1700 km. Find out the value of acceleration on the surface of moon.

  • M = 7 × 1022 kg, R = 1700 km = 1.7 × 106 m, G = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2/kg2.
  • Formula: gmoon = (G M)/(R2) = (6.67 × 10-11 × 7 × 1022)/((1.7 × 106)2) = (46.69 × 1011)/(2.89 × 1012) ≈ 1.616 m/s2 ≈ 1.62 m/s2.

Question 2

Section 114


📝 Question:

(Section 11.4)

💡 Solution:

Compare the weight of an object of mass ‘m’ on the surface of earth and the moon.

  • Weight on Earth We = m ge = m × 9.8 N.
  • Weight on Moon Wm = m gm = m × 1.62 N.
  • Ratio: Wm/We = (1.62)/(9.8) ≈ 1/6 ⇒ Wm = 1/6 We.
  • Weight of an object on the Moon is one-sixth of its weight on Earth.

Question 3

Section 114


📝 Question:

(Section 11.4)

💡 Solution:

The distance between the centres of earth and the moon is 3.84 × 105 km. How much force will they exert on each other?

  • Me = 6 × 1024 kg, Mm = 7 × 1022 kg (given in text), r = 3.84 × 108 m, G = 6.67 × 10-11.
  • F = (G Me Mm)/(r2) = (6.67 × 10-11 × 6 × 1024 × 7 × 1022)/((3.84 × 108)2) = (280.14 × 1035)/(14.7456 × 1016) ≈ 1.90 × 1020 N.
  • (Note: If standard moon mass 7.36 × 1022 kg is used, F ≈ 2.01 × 1020 N).

Section 11.5

Centre of Gravity & Stability

Question 1

Where will be the centre of gravity of…


📝 Question:

Where will be the centre of gravity of a sphere and a triangular table?

💡 Solution:

For a uniform sphere, it is at its geometric centre. For a triangular table, it is at the centroid (intersection of medians).

Question 2

Can a body have more than one centre…


📝 Question:

Can a body have more than one centre of gravity?

💡 Solution:

No, a body can have only one unique centre of gravity.

Question 3

Why does the leaning tower of pisa not…


📝 Question:

Why does the leaning tower of pisa not fall?

💡 Solution:

Because the vertical line passing through its centre of gravity falls well within its base area.

Question 4

Why do you bend forward when you lift…


📝 Question:

Why do you bend forward when you lift a heavy load on your back?

💡 Solution:

To bring the combined centre of gravity of the body and the load vertically above our feet (base), maintaining stability.

Part 2

End-of-Chapter Exercises

Exercise Question 1

Multiple Choice Questions

(i) The gravitational force between two bodies does not depend on:

(a) The distance between both the bodies /

(ii) The value of G is:

(a) 7.67 × 1011 Nm2/kg2

(b) 6.67 × 1011 Nm2/kg

(c) 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2/kg2

(d) 5.67 × 1011 Nm2/kg2

  • Correct Option / : (c) 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2/kg2.

(iii) The value of gravitational acceleration on the surface of earth is:

(a) 9.8 m/s2

(b) 8.8 m/s2

(c) 4.8 m/s2

(d) 8.9 m/s2

  • Correct Option / : (a) 9.8 m/s2.

(iv) According to universal law of gravitation, the force acting between two bodies of masses m1 and m2 placed at a distance R is:

(a) F = G (m1 m2)/(R2)

(b) F = G (m1 m2)/(4R)

(c) F = G (m1 m2)/(R)

(d) F = G M/R

  • Correct Option / : (a) F = G (m1 m2)/(R2).

(v) A body is moving upwards opposing the gravitational pull of earth. What will be its velocity at the highest point reached?

(a) 0

(b) u2 / 2g

(c) h / t

(d) 2gh

  • Correct Option / : (a) 0.
Exercise Question 2

Fill in the Blanks

(i) On earth, the weight of a body having 10 kg mass will be ……………………………

–

Answer / : 98 N (Calculation: W = mg = 10 × 9.8 = 98 N).

(ii) A body falling from rest from a height h will have a velocity of ………………………………….

–

Answer / : √(2gh) (or v2 = 2gh).

(iii) Value of universal gravitational constant is ………………………………

–

Answer / : 6.67 × 10-11 N m2/kg2.

(iv) The value of gravitational acceleration in SI units is ………………………………..

–

Answer / : m/s2 (or 9.8 m/s2).

(v) If two objects of different masses are dropped from a same height, they will reach the surface of earth at ……………………………. time.

–

Answer / : *Same.

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 3 (Numerical)

What will be the gravitational force between earth and an object of 1 kg placed on its surface. Here, the mass of earth is 6 × 1024 kg, and distance from the earth’s centre to the surface is 6400 km. / 1 kg ? 6 × 1024 kg 6400 km

Step-by-step Solution /

  • English:
  • Given: Mass of object m = 1 kg, Mass of Earth M = 6 × 1024 kg.
  • Radius R = 6400 km = 6.4 × 106 m, G = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2/kg2.
  • Formula: F = (G M m)/(R2) = (6.67 × 10-11 × 6 × 1024 × 1)/((6.4 × 106)2).
  • F = (40.02 × 1013)/(40.96 × 1012) = (400.2)/(40.96) ≈ 9.77 N ≈ 9.8 N.
  • Hindi:
  • R = 6400 km = 6.4 × 106 m, G = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2/kg2
  • : F = (G M m)/(R2) = (6.67 × 10-11 × 6 × 1024 × 1)/((6.4 × 106)2)
  • F = (40.02 × 1013)/(40.96 × 1012) = (400.2)/(40.96) ≈ 9.77 N ≈ 9.8 N
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 4

Step-by-step Solution /

  • English:
  • Original force F = G (m1 m2)/(r2).
  • (i) m1‘ = 2m1 ⇒ F’ = G ((2m1)m2)/(r2) = 2F (Force gets doubled).
  • (ii) r’ = 3r ⇒ F” = G (m1 m2)/((3r)2) = 1/9 F (Force becomes one-ninth).
  • (iii) m1‘ = 2m1, m2‘ = 2m2 ⇒ F”’ = G ((2m1)(2m2))/(r2) = 4F (Force becomes four times).
  • Hindi:
  • F = G (m1 m2)/(r2)
  • (ii) r’ = 3r ⇒ F” = 1/9 F
  • (iii) m1‘ = 2m1, m2‘ = 2m2 ⇒ F”’ = 4F
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 5

  • English: A sheet of paper has a larger surface area compared to the compact paper ball. As it falls through air, it experiences much greater upward air resistance (friction), which slows down its fall.
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 6

  • English:
  1. It explains the force that binds us to the Earth.
  2. It explains the motion of the Moon and artificial satellites around the Earth.
  3. It explains the motion of planets around the Sun.
  4. It explains the occurrence of ocean tides due to the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun.
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 7

  • English: According to Newton’s second law (a = F/m), the acceleration produced in a body is inversely proportional to its mass. Since Earth’s mass is about 81 times greater than the Moon’s mass, the acceleration produced in the Earth by the gravitational pull of the Moon is negligible, so Earth does not visibly move toward the Moon.
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 8 (Numerical)

A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 49 m/s. Calculate (i) Maximum height of the ball, (ii) Total time taken by the ball to reach the earth’s surface. / 49 m/s (i) , (ii)

Step-by-step Solution /

  • English:
  • Given: u = 49 m/s, v = 0 (at max height), g = 9.8 m/s2.
  • (i) Maximum Height h:
  • v2 = u2 – 2gh ⇒ 0 = (49)2 – 2(9.8)h ⇒ 19.6 h = 2401 ⇒ h = 122.5 m.
  • (ii) Total Time T:
  • Time to go up t = u/g = 49/9.8 = 5 s.
  • Total time T = 2 × t = 2 × 5 = 10 s.
  • Hindi:
  • v2 = u2 – 2gh ⇒ 0 = (49)2 – 2(9.8)h ⇒ 19.6 h = 2401 ⇒ h = 122.5 m
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 9 (Numerical)

If a body is thrown vertically upwards at a speed of 10 m/s then after how much time and with what velocity will it reach back to us? / 10 m/s ?

Step-by-step Solution /

  • English:
  • Given: u = 10 m/s, g = 10 m/s2.
  • Time to reach maximum height t1 = u/g = 10/10 = 1 s.
  • Total time to return T = 2 × t1 = 2 × 1 = 2 s.
  • By conservation of energy, it reaches back with the exact same speed 10 m/s in the downward direction.
  • Hindi:
  • : u = 10 m/s, g = 10 m/s2
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 10

  • English:

The gravitational force will become 4F in any of the following situations:

  1. If the mass of both objects is doubled (m1‘ = 2m1 and m2‘ = 2m2).
  2. If the distance between the two objects is reduced to half (r’ = r / 2).
  3. If the mass of one object is made four times (m1‘ = 4m1).
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 11

  • English:
  1. The acceleration due to gravity g = GM/R2 depends only on the Earth’s mass and radius, and is independent of the object’s mass. Thus, both objects accelerate at the same rate and reach the Earth simultaneously.
  2. No, the gravitational force F = m g is not equal; the heavier object experiences a larger gravitational force proportional to its mass.
  • Hindi:
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Question 12

  • English:
  • Let Earth’s mass be M, radius be R, and mass of body be m.
  • Gravitational force by Earth: F = G (M m)/(R2) — (Equation 1)
  • By Newton’s second law of motion: F = m g — (Equation 2)
  • Equating (1) and (2): m g = G (M m)/(R2) ⇒ g = (G M)/(R2).
  • Calculation: Substituting M = 6 × 1024 kg, R = 6.4 × 106 m, G = 6.67 × 10-11:

g = (6.67 × 10-11 × 6 × 1024)/((6.4 × 106)2) = (40.02 × 1013)/(40.96 × 1012) ≈ 9.81 m/s2.

  • Hindi:
  • (1) (2) : m g = G (M m)/(R2) ⇒ g = (G M)/(R2)
  • : M = 6 × 1024 kg, R = 6.4 × 106 m, G = 6.67 × 10-11

g = (6.67 × 10-11 × 6 × 1024)/((6.4 × 106)2) = (40.02 × 1013)/(40.96 × 1012) ≈ 9.81 m/s2


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