CG Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 11 Solutions: The Idea of Democracy and its Spread (लोकतंत्र का विचार एवं विस्तार) – 2026-27

CG SCERT (Chhattisgarh Board) Class 9 Social Science Solutions | 2026-27 Official Edition

Complete 100% textbook-grounded CG Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 11 Solutions: The Idea of Democracy and its Spread (लोकतंत्र का विचार एवं विस्तार) in Bilingual Format (English & Hindi Medium).


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Part 1

In-Text Questions & Discussion Prompts

1

पाठ्यांतर्गत प्रश्न एवं चर्चा हेतु बिंदु

Section 11.1

What is Democracy? (Pages 184-185)

Q1

Which of the two processes of appointing a…


📝 Question:

Which of the two processes of appointing a monitor is more democratic, and why? (Page 184)

💡 Solution:

The second process, where students elect their monitor by asking the class whom they want as their representative, is more democratic. In a democracy, authority and decision-making power derive from the consent of the people (students), whereas direct appointment by a teacher represents an autocratic or top-down decision without student participation.

Q2

Rosy scored 80 percent in her Class 10…


📝 Question:

Rosy scored 80 percent in her Class 10 examination. Her family wanted her to study science, but Rosy wanted to study social science. In the end, Rosy was pressured into studying science. Do you think the family’s decision was democratic? (Page 184)

💡 Solution:

No, the family’s decision was not democratic. Democracy is not limited to government elections; it is a way of life that respects individual liberty, freedom of choice, and mutual discussion. Pressuring Rosy against her personal choice violated her fundamental right to self-determination.

Q3

Activity List unit representative positions at different levels…


📝 Question:

Activity: List unit representative positions at different levels of Indian democracy. (Page 185)

💡 Solution:

  1. Rural Level (Gram Panchayat): Ward Panch, Sarpanch, Janpad Panchayat Member, Zila Panchayat Member.
  2. Urban Level (Nagar Panchayat / Municipal Corporation): Ward Councillor (Parshad), President / Mayor (Mahapour).
  3. Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly): Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA).
  4. Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council): Member of Legislative Council (MLC).
  5. Lok Sabha (Lower House of Parliament): Member of Parliament (MP).
  6. Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament): Member of Parliament (MP – Rajya Sabha).

Section 11.2

Libya under Monarchy and Col. Gaddafi (Pages 186-188)

Q4

Libya was a colony of which nation Page…


📝 Question:

Libya was a colony of which nation? (Page 186)

💡 Solution:

Libya was a colony of Italy in North Africa.

Q5

What impact did the discovery of large reserves…


📝 Question:

What impact did the discovery of large reserves of oil and natural gas have on Libya’s system of governance? (Page 186)

💡 Solution:

The discovery of large oil and gas reserves in 1959 made Libya a wealthy nation. However, under King Idris, the king and a few favored elite families gained complete control over all these natural resources, concentrating wealth and power while common tribal people remained impoverished.

Q6

What kind of state did the youth of…


📝 Question:

What kind of state did the youth of Libya want to establish? (Page 186)

💡 Solution:

The Libyan youth wanted to establish a modern, welfare-oriented state free from foreign exploitation. They sought to bring national unity and peace, eliminate tribal conflicts and atrocities against women, and ensure that revenue from oil was utilized for the benefit of all citizens.

Q7

What steps did Col Gaddafi take for Libyas…


📝 Question:

What steps did Col. Gaddafi take for Libya’s progress? (Page 188)

💡 Solution:

  1. Nationalized Libya’s oil wealth and used revenues for public welfare.
  2. Allotted irrigated agricultural land to nomadic pastoral tribes for settled life.
  3. Provided free primary education, free medical facilities, and subsidized housing schemes to all citizens.
  4. Made military service compulsory for both men and women, outlawed polygamy, and granted women equal rights to hold jobs, own property, and start businesses.

Q8

What impact did the various initiatives launched by…


📝 Question:

What impact did the various initiatives launched by Col. Gaddafi have on the people of Libya? (Page 188)

💡 Solution:

Between 1969 and 2010, average life expectancy rose from 50 to 77 years. Literacy rates reached 90%, and Libya ranked highest in Africa for social welfare indicators. A new educated middle class emerged, and women gained unprecedented social and economic equality.

Q9

Do you think Gaddafi ruled Libya democratically Discuss…


📝 Question:

Do you think Gaddafi ruled Libya democratically? Discuss in class. (Page 188)

💡 Solution:

No, Gaddafi did not rule democratically. Although he implemented exceptional social welfare programs, he held absolute autocratic power through the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC). He banned independent political parties, suppressed free press, banned political organizations, and ruthlessly imprisoned or executed political opponents.

Section 11.3

The Arab Spring & Libyan Rebellion (Page 189)

Q10

Why did the Libyans want democracy Page 189


📝 Question:

Why did the Libyans want democracy? (Page 189)

💡 Solution:

Libyans wanted democracy because Gaddafi’s military dictatorship denied them fundamental human rights, freedom of speech, right to form political parties, and independent news media. Furthermore, widespread government corruption, lack of housing, and youth unemployment in cities like Benghazi made people realize that welfare without political freedom was insufficient.

Q11

Why did the Gaddafi government fail to control…


📝 Question:

Why did the Gaddafi government fail to control the rebellion in Libya? (Page 189)

💡 Solution:

The government failed because the rebellion spread nationwide via mobile phones and social media. Army soldiers deserted to join the protesters, opposition organizations united, and foreign interventions (UN no-fly zone and NATO airstrikes by USA, Britain, and France) destroyed Gaddafi’s military capability.

Q12

What role did the internet and mobile phones…


📝 Question:

What role did the internet and mobile phones play in Libya’s struggle for democracy? (Page 189)

💡 Solution:

Internet and mobile technology bypassed government-controlled traditional media censorship. Citizens rapidly shared news of police atrocities, coordinated protest rallies across cities, and raised international awareness about the Arab Spring movement.

Q13

What were the main issues of the democratic…


📝 Question:

What were the main issues of the democratic movement in Libya? (Page 189)

💡 Solution:

Ending military dictatorship, eradicating government corruption, securing freedom of speech and expression, establishing freely elected representative government, solving unemployment and civic amenity shortages, and creating a constitution.

Section 11.4

Democracy in Myanmar (Burma) (Pages 190-193)

Q14

How was military rule established in Myanmar Page…


📝 Question:

How was military rule established in Myanmar? (Page 191)

💡 Solution:

Myanmar gained independence from Britain on January 4, 1948. In 1962, Army Chief General Ne Win led a military coup, overthrowing the democratically elected civilian government and seizing power.

Q15

What steps did the military rulers undertake to…


📝 Question:

What steps did the military rulers undertake to win the support of the people in Myanmar? (Page 191)

💡 Solution:

They nationalized industrial and mineral resource sectors, declared free universal education and medical facilities, and passed land reform laws (1962-1965) to curb money-lending and protect small peasants from landlords.

Q16

Why did Myanmar not see much development even…


📝 Question:

Why did Myanmar not see much development even after the army nationalised the country’s industries and mines? (Page 191)

💡 Solution:

Unlike Libya, Myanmar’s army used nationalized resources for self-enrichment and military expansion rather than public welfare. The regime subjected peasants and children to forced bonded labor, crushed economic growth, caused severe poverty, and faced international economic sanctions.

Q17

Who was Aung San Suu Kyi What did…


📝 Question:

Who was Aung San Suu Kyi? What did she do to usher in political change in Myanmar? (Page 191)

💡 Solution:

Aung San Suu Kyi is the daughter of Myanmar’s independence hero Aung San. She founded the National League for Democracy (NLD) in 1988, leading a peaceful non-violent struggle against military dictatorship. Despite spending decades under house arrest, her leadership earned her the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize and brought democracy to Myanmar.

Q18

Why didnt the military rulers permit the National…


📝 Question:

Why didn’t the military rulers permit the National League for Democracy (NLD) to form the government even after the party won 80 percent of the seats in the 1990 election? (Page 191)

💡 Solution:

The military junta feared losing its absolute autocratic power, privilege, and control over Myanmar’s nationalized economy. Therefore, they annulled the election results, refused to release Suu Kyi, and kept her under strict house arrest.

Q19

What impact did the economic sanctions imposed by…


📝 Question:

What impact did the economic sanctions imposed by democratic nations have on Myanmar? (Page 191)

💡 Solution:

International trade sanctions completely blocked Myanmar’s foreign imports and exports. The economic isolation severely crippled the country’s finances, eventually forcing the military government to modify its policies, hold elections, and release political prisoners.

Part 2

End-of-Chapter Exercises (Pages 192-194)

2

अध्याय के अंत के अभ्यास प्रश्न (पृष्ठ 192-194)

SECTION / EXERCISE

1. Multiple Choice Questions

Q1

Who was the king of Libya 1 a…


📝 Question:

Who was the king of Libya? 1. ?* a) Idris / b) Mussolini / c) Col. Gaddafi / * d) Aung San Suu Kyi /

💡 Solution:

a) Idris /

Q2

In which city did the rebellion in Libya…


📝 Question:

In which city did the rebellion in Libya begin? 2. ?* a) Tripoli / b) Benghazi / c) Al Bayda / – * d) Rangoon /

💡 Solution:

c) Al Bayda / – (Textbook Fact: January 2011 protests started against corruption in Al-Bayda; Benghazi later became the main violent epicenter in February 2011).

Q3

What was the literacy rate percent in Libya…


📝 Question:

What was the literacy rate (percent) in Libya in 2010? 3. 2010 ?* a) 50 / 50% b) 70 / 70% c) 80 / 80% * d) 90 / 90%

💡 Solution:

d) 90 / 90%

Q4

Who took over power after toppling the democratic…


📝 Question:

Who took over power after toppling the democratic government in Myanmar? 4. ?* a) Aung San / b) Ne Win / c) Aung San Suu Kyi / * d) Thein Sein /

💡 Solution:

b) Ne Win / (General Ne Win led the 1962 military coup).

Q5

Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel…


📝 Question:

Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Prize for her contribution in which field? 5. ?* a) Literature / b) Peace / c) Social welfare / * d) Medicine /

💡 Solution:

b) Peace / (Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991).

SECTION / EXERCISE

2. Fill in the Blanks

  1. Libya was a *colony of Italy in North-Africa.
  2. *Thein Sein was elected president of Myanmar in 2011.
  3. The people of Libya were mostly involved in farming and *animal husbandry.
  4. Myanmar was colonized by *Britain / British.
  5. In Myanmar, farmers were forced to sell their children to the *army as bonded labourers.
Question

Why did Libya witness mass protests in 2011


📝 Question:

Why did Libya witness mass protests in 2011?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Lack of Political Rights: Gaddafi’s 42-year military regime banned political parties, independent news media, and freedom of expression.
  2. Corruption & Civic Neglect: In cities like Al-Bayda and Benghazi, people faced housing delays, corruption, lack of civic amenities, and youth unemployment.
  3. Catalyst of Arab Spring: The 2010 pro-democracy movement in neighboring Tunisia spread to Libya via social media and mobile technology, uniting citizens against dictatorship.
  4. : 42 ,
  5. : – , ,
  6. : 2010 ,

Q2

Why did America want to dismiss the Gaddafi…


📝 Question:

Why did America want to dismiss the Gaddafi government?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Anti-Western Stance: Gaddafi nationalized foreign oil companies and maintained an anti-Western foreign policy, challenging American geopolitical influence in North Africa.
  2. Human Rights Violations: America and NATO condemned Gaddafi for using military air strikes and heavy artillery against unarmed civilians during the 2011 uprising.
  3. Control over Oil: Dismissing Gaddafi would allow Western nations to secure stable access to Libya’s rich oil reserves under a friendly democratic government.
  4. – : – ,
  5. : 2011
  6. :

Q3

How did urbanization affect the people of Libya


📝 Question:

How did urbanization affect the people of Libya?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Decline of Tribal Life: Urbanization and government jobs broke down traditional tribal barriers, fostering national unity among young Libyans.
  2. Emergence of Middle Class: A new educated middle class grew in urban centers, demanding modern employment, business opportunities, and civil liberties.
  3. Center for Protests: Rapidly growing cities like Benghazi became hubs of political awareness where unemployed youth organized democratic movements.
  4. :
  5. : , ,
  6. :

Q4

Apart from the common people who participated in…


📝 Question:

Apart from the common people, who participated in the popular movement to oust the Gaddafi government?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Army Deserters: Soldiers and officers who deserted the Libyan national army joined the rebel forces with their arms.
  2. Opposition Organizations: Unified anti-Gaddafi political and community organizations across various cities.
  3. International Forces: NATO military coalition (USA, Britain, France) provided air support, while the UN enforced a no-fly zone.
  4. : ,
  5. :
  6. :

Q5

What were the atrocities committed by the army…


📝 Question:

What were the atrocities committed by the army against the people of Myanmar?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Suppression & Killings: Brutally crushed peaceful student-led protests in 1988, killing thousands of citizens.
  2. Forced Labor: Evicted peasants from their ancestral lands, forcing adults and children into unpaid bonded labor on army-run farms.
  3. Denial of Rights: Annulled democratic election verdicts, jailed opposition leaders, and subjected Aung San Suu Kyi to decades of house arrest.
  4. : 1988
  5. :
  6. : ,

Q6

Why was Aung San Suu Kyi placed under…


📝 Question:

Why was Aung San Suu Kyi placed under house arrest?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Leadership of NLD: She founded the National League for Democracy (NLD) and led mass peaceful non-violent protests against military rule.
  2. Landslide Electoral Victory: When her party won 80% of parliamentary seats in the 1990 elections, the military junta rejected the verdict and placed her under strict house arrest to prevent her from becoming Prime Minister.
  3. NLD : (NLD)
  4. : 1990 80% ,

Q7

Why did people oppose the Gaddafi government despite…


📝 Question:

Why did people oppose the Gaddafi government despite the economic and social development initiatives it undertook?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Absence of Political Freedom: Free healthcare and education could not replace the fundamental human need for freedom of expression, independent news media, and voting rights.
  2. Autocratic Repression: Gaddafi’s regime used crude terror tactics, imprisoning or executing anyone who questioned government policies.
  3. Corruption & Inequality: Oil wealth was controlled by elite families close to Gaddafi, leaving educated urban youth unemployed and without housing.
  4. : ,
  5. :
  6. : ,

Q8

Why did America not intervene in Myanmar


📝 Question:

Why did America not intervene in Myanmar?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Lack of Strategic Resources: Unlike Libya, Myanmar lacked vast oil reserves that directly impacted Western energy interests.
  2. Geopolitical Risk: Myanmar borders China and India. Direct Western military intervention in East Asia risked a major war with Asian powers.
  3. Use of Sanctions: America preferred enforcing diplomatic isolation and trade sanctions rather than launching an expensive armed invasion.
  4. : ,
  5. – :
  6. :

Q9

Why did democracy fail in Myanmar after independence


📝 Question:

Why did democracy fail in Myanmar after independence?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Assassination of Aung San: Independence leader Aung San was assassinated six months before independence, leaving a political vacuum.
  2. Weak Democratic Institutions: Myanmar lacked strong national political parties and a politically mature civil society.
  3. Ethnic Conflicts & Military Intervention: Widespread armed conflicts among ethnic tribal groups led the army under General Ne Win to overthrow the democratic government in 1962.
  4. : ,
  5. :
  6. : 1962

Q10

Why did America France and Britain attack Libya


📝 Question:

Why did America, France and Britain attack Libya?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. UN Resolution Enforcement: To enforce the UN mandate protecting civilians from Gaddafi’s air strikes.
  2. Toppling Dictatorship: To eliminate an anti-Western dictator and establish a pro-Western democratic government.
  3. Securing Oil Reserves: To safeguard Western corporate control over Libya’s rich oil and natural gas fields.
  4. : ‘- ‘
  5. :
  6. :

Q11

How was military rule in Libya different from…


📝 Question:

How was military rule in Libya different from Myanmar?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Socio-Economic Welfare: Gaddafi used oil revenues to establish free education, healthcare, and housing, raising literacy to 90%. In Myanmar, the military exploited nationalized mines and farms for self-enrichment, forcing citizens into bonded labor.
  2. Pre-existing Regime: Libya replaced a monarchy in 1969; Myanmar overthrew an elected democratic parliament in 1962.
  3. – : , 90%
  4. : 1969 ; 1962

Q12

Why do you think democracy was not established…


📝 Question:

Why do you think democracy was not established in Libya even after it gained independence?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Establishment of Monarchy: After independence from Italy, King Idris established a monarchy dominated by elite families rather than a democratic republic.
  2. Tribal Divisions: Libyan society was deeply divided into nomadic tribes with strong loyalty to local chiefs rather than democratic national institutions.
  3. Resource Control: Discovery of oil concentrated power in the hands of the King, preventing the growth of democratic political parties.
  4. :
  5. :
  6. : ,

Q13

What were the differences in the social welfare…


📝 Question:

What were the differences in the social welfare measures undertaken by the military governments in Libya and Myanmar?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Libya: Oil wealth funded free healthcare, free primary education, subsidized housing, land grants to nomadic tribes, outlawing polygamy, and equal rights for women.
  2. Myanmar: Although the army announced free education and land reforms, corruption and military exploitation ruined the economy. Welfare plans failed, resulting in widespread poverty and forced child labor.
  3. : , , , ,
  4. : ,

Q14

What role did Aung San Suu Kyi play…


📝 Question:

What role did Aung San Suu Kyi play in establishing democracy in Myanmar?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Founding NLD: Founded the National League for Democracy (NLD) in 1988, mobilizing millions for democratic rights.
  2. Non-Violent Resistance: Led a peaceful Satyagraha-like struggle, braving decades of house arrest without leaving the country.
  3. Global Awareness: Won the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize, drawing international sanctions against the military junta and securing democratic elections.
  4. NLD : 1988 (NLD)
  5. :
  6. : 1991

Q15

How does literacy and social communication contribute to…


📝 Question:

How does literacy and social communication contribute to spreading democratic awareness?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Literacy: Enables citizens to understand their constitutional rights, analyze government policies, critically evaluate news, and reject autocratic propaganda.
  2. Social Communication: Digital media, mobile phones, and internet allow people to instantly bypass state censorship, organize peaceful movements, expose human rights abuses, and connect with global pro-democracy networks (as seen in the Arab Spring).
  3. : ,
  4. : , ,

Q16

Why did the military government refuse to accept…


📝 Question:

Why did the military government refuse to accept the 1990 election verdict in Myanmar?

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Landslide Defeat: Aung San Suu Kyi’s party (NLD) won an overwhelming 80% of parliamentary seats.
  2. Fear of Loss of Power: Accepting the verdict would mean handing complete civilian control to NLD and ending the army’s lucrative monopoly over nationalized industries and mines.
  3. Suppression: Consequently, the military junta cancelled the election results and placed Suu Kyi under house arrest.
  4. : (NLD) 80%
  5. :
  6. : ,

All in-text questions, classroom discussion prompts, table activities, map exercises, and all end-of-chapter exercises (MCQs, Fill in the Blanks, and 16 Short/Long questions) for *Chapter 11: The Idea of Democracy and its Spread have been fully solved step-by-step in bilingual format without using em-dashes or en-dashes, strictly grounded in the official textbook text.


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