CG Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 15 Solutions: Understanding Economic Activities (आर्थिक क्रियाओं की समझ) – 2026-27

a) agricultural sector

b) industrial sector

c) services sector

d) none of these

a) less than

b) more than

c) the same as

d) none of these

a) children

b) men

c) women

d) old people

a) all goods and services

b) all final goods and services

c) all intermediate goods and services

d) all intermediate and final goods and services

• Reason / :
• English: Farmer, fisherman, and goatherd belong to the Agricultural and Allied (Primary) sector, whereas a basket maker belongs to the Industrial (Secondary) sector (cottage industry).

• Odd One Out / : Playing / .
• Reason / :
• English: Cooking, cleaning, and looking after the aged are unpaid household work activities, whereas playing is a non-work leisure activity.

• Odd One Out / : Teaching / .
• Reason / :
• English: Making paper, cars, and fans belong to the Industrial (Secondary) sector, whereas teaching belongs to the Service (Tertiary) sector.

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

Allied activities in the agricultural sector rely directly on natural resources and farm biomass

1. Animal husbandry, cattle rearing, and dairy farming.
2. Poultry farming and piggery.
3. Fisheries and fish culturing in ponds.
4. Forestry, logging, gathering honey, gums, and tendu leaves from forests.

1.

2.

3.

1. , , ,

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Labor-Intensive: Cottage industries rely on human hands and simple tools rather than expensive heavy machinery, generating more jobs per unit of capital.
2. Low Capital Requirement: Can be set up in rural homes using family labor and locally available raw materials.
3. Prevents Migration: Provides seasonal employment to agricultural workers during non-harvest months right in their native villages.
4. -: ,
5. :
6. :

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

Intermediate goods are partially produced items or raw materials that are used as inputs in the production process to create final goods. They are resold or transformed during the manufacturing process.

• Example: Paddy sold to a rice mill, and rice bought by a shopkeeper to make puffed rice. Here, paddy and rice are intermediate goods, while puffed rice is the final product.

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. No Physical Goods: Agriculture and industry produce tangible physical goods (like wheat or cement). The service sector produces intangible services (like teaching or banking).
2. Supportive Role: Services directly facilitate production in primary and secondary sectors through transport, credit, communication, and storage.
3. Professional Expertise: Involves specialized skills and knowledge provided by doctors, lawyers, engineers, and teachers.
4. : ,
5. : , ,
6. : , ,

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

Value addition is the net increase in monetary value created at each stage of a production chain.

• Example:

1. Farmer produces sugarcane worth Rs 500 (Value added = Rs 500).
2. Factory processes sugarcane into jaggery worth Rs 800 (Value added = Rs 800 – Rs 500 = Rs 300).
3. Retailer packages jaggery and sells it to consumers for Rs 1,000 (Value added = Rs 1,000 – Rs 800 = Rs 200).

Total Value Added = Rs 500 + Rs 300 + Rs 200 = Rs 1,000 (Equal to final product value).

1. ₹500
2. ₹800
3. ₹1,000

= ₹500 + ₹300 + ₹200 = ₹1,000

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Family Welfare: Cooking, cleaning, child care, and elderly nursing ensure physical health, emotional stability, and well-being of family members.
2. Saves Expenses: Reduces household monetary expenses that would otherwise be spent hiring domestic help, cooks, or nurses.
3. Societal Foundation: Creates healthy, educated, and disciplined future citizens, maintaining social cohesion and human capital for the entire economy.
4. : , ,
5. :
6. : , ,

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

Yes, unpaid household work done by women should be evaluated and included in GDP calculations due to the following reasons

1. Underestimation of True Economy: Excluding household production makes the official GDP significantly lower than the actual economic production of the country.
2. Gender Equality & Recognition: Inclusion accords legal, economic, and social recognition to women’s immense contribution to national productivity.
3. Time-Use Method: Modern statistical surveys evaluate unpaid work by measuring time spent and applying imputed market wages, ensuring accurate economic accounting.
4. :
5. : ,
6. – :

• English Step-by-Step Classification:

1. Farming, Milking Cows, Fishing: Agricultural & Allied (Primary) Sector.
2. Running a Rice Mill, Weaving Cloth, Brick Kiln Labour: Industrial (Secondary) Sector.
3. Teaching in School, Driving Auto, Banking, Medical Practice: Service (Tertiary) Sector.
4. Household Cooking, Sweeping, Childcare at Home: Unpaid Domestic Work.
5. , , :
6. , , :
7. , , , :
8. , , : –

• English Step-by-Step Answer:
• i) Invisible and Unpaid Work: Household work like cooking, washing, and cleaning is taken for granted by family members and society. No monetary payment is given for this work, and it remains absent from official GDP market statistics, making it “invisible.”
• ii) Requires Physical Labour: Fetching heavy water pots from distant handpumps, collecting and carrying heavy bundles of firewood, scrubbing floors, and standing near hot stoves for hours require intense physical effort and stamina, equivalent to manual factory labor.
• i) – : , , “”
• ii) : , ,

1. A tailor stitching clothes for customers and charging money.
2. An auto-rickshaw driver transporting passengers for a fare.
3. A banker accepting deposits and providing loans.
4. A software engineer developing programs for a salary.
5. A vegetable vendor selling vegetables in the daily market.
6. A potter selling earthing pots in the local haat.
7. A mechanic repairing motorcycles at a service center.
8. A mason building houses for wages.
9. A chemist selling medicines at a medical store.

Activities producing Goods:** Farmers growing crops, Making clay pots, Carpenters making furniture, Factories manufacturing paper, Gathering honey, Spinning silk thread to weave saris, Culturing fish, Mining bauxite.

• Activities providing Services: Traders purchasing and selling goods, Teachers teaching in school, Setting up a retail shop.

All human activities involving the production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services for money to fulfill various human needs are called economic activities.

• Examples: A farmer selling wheat in the market, a doctor treating patients for a consultation fee, and a factory manufacturing footwear.

a) Throughout the year:** Running a grocery store, teaching in schools, banking operations, medical services, paper manufacturing, and public bus transport.

• b) Seasonal (few days/months): Harvesting paddy/wheat, making clay diyas during Diwali, gathering tendu leaves, running ice-cream stalls in summer, and jaggery production from sugarcane.

Nature plays a fundamental role in agriculture because agricultural production directly depends on natural resources and processes. Crops require rainfall, fertile soil, sunlight, appropriate temperature, and groundwater to germinate and mature. Human labor and seeds yield crops only when supported by favorable natural conditions.

1. Transportation: Moves raw materials from remote farms or mines to industrial factories and carries finished goods from factories to markets and consumers.
2. Communication: Allows producers to place orders for raw materials, negotiate prices with buyers, stay updated on market demand, and coordinate distribution efficiently.

9. 1.3 :

• Step-by-Step Numerical Calculation – – :

1. Sugar / : 500 kg x Rs 30/kg = Rs 15,000
2. Milk / : 100 litres x Rs 30/litre = Rs 3,000
3. Eye Operations / : 10 operations x Rs 5,000/operation = Rs 50,000

• Total Value / : Rs 15,000 + Rs 3,000 + Rs 50,000 = Rs 68,000
• Completed Table 1.3 / 1.3:

Intermediate goods required to produce a motorcycle include steel sheets, rubber for tires and tubes, engine oil, plastic body panels, copper wires, glass for mirrors, leather/synthetic cloth for seat covers, paint, and batteries.

Yes. For example, milk

1. If a household buys milk to consume directly, it is a final product.
2. If a sweet-shop owner buys milk to make sweets (like rasgulla or gulab jamun), the milk acts as an intermediate good.

Value addition refers to the extra value added to a product at each stage of its production process.

• Example: A farmer sells paddy for Rs 1,000 (Value added = Rs 1,000). A mill converts paddy into rice and sells it to a shopkeeper for Rs 1,200 (Value added = Rs 1,200 – Rs 1,000 = Rs 200). The shopkeeper turns rice into puffed rice and sells it for Rs 2,750 (Value added = Rs 2,750 – Rs 1,200 = Rs 1,550). Total value added = Rs 1,000 + Rs 200 + Rs 1,550 = Rs 2,750, which equals the final product price and avoids double counting.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total money value of all final goods and services produced within the geographical boundaries of a country during a specific financial year across all three economic sectors (Agriculture, Industry, and Services).

The Service Sector gained the most in percentage share, rising from 34% in 2004-05 to 39.5% in 2014-15.

1. Cooking meals for family members and cleaning kitchen utensils.
2. Looking after elderly, sick, or ailing family members.
3. Sweeping, mopping, and keeping the house clean.
4. Helping children complete school homework and studies.
5. Fetching water, collecting firewood, and looking after domestic cattle.

16. 1.7 :

• Official Survey Data (CSO 1998-99):
• Paid Work: Rural Men = 25%, Rural Women = 20%
• Unpaid Work: Rural Men = 2%, Rural Women = 14%
• Non-work Activity (Leisure/Rest): Rural Men = 73%, Rural Women = 66%
• Key Inference / :
• Rural women spend 7 times more time doing unpaid work (14%) compared to rural men (2%). Because unpaid domestic work is excluded from GDP calculations, the official GDP underestimates true economic production.