CG SCERT (Chhattisgarh Board) Class 9 Social Science Solutions | 2026-27 Official Edition
Complete 100% textbook-grounded CG Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 1 Solutions: Cartography and the Study of Maps (मानचित्रण और मानचित्र का अध्ययन) in Bilingual Format (English & Hindi Medium).
Fill in the blanks using the correct options given in the box:
Options Box: Equatorial region, Deodhar (Pine), Sal and Teak, Polar region, Mountainous region, Tropical forest, Tundra region, France, Africa, Mawsynram, Savannahs, Mediterranean region, North America, Deciduous forest, Thar Desert, Prairies, Monsoon forest, South Africa.
- English: Polar region
- English: Equatorial region
- Question: Very dense, evergreen forests / ,
- English: Tropical forest
- English: Sal and Teak
- English: Deodhar (Pine)
- Question: Terrace farming /
- English: Mountainous region
- English: Monsoon forest
- Question: The land of reindeer, caribou, seal and walrus / , ,
- English: Tundra region
- Question: The place with the highest rainfall in the world /
- English: Mawsynram
- Question: The name of temperate grasslands /
- English: Prairies
- Question: Gold and diamond mines /
- English: South Africa
- Question: The continent through which the Tropic of Cancer, Equator and Tropic of Capricorn pass / ,
- English: Africa
- Question: Tall grasslands where even elephants stay hidden /
- English: Savannahs
- Question: The place with the lowest rainfall in India /
- English: Thar Desert
- Question: Rain during the winter and dry weather during the summer /
- English: Mediterranean region
- Question: The country of the Eiffel Tower /
- English: France
- English: Deciduous forest
- Question: One crop stretching for miles /
- English: North America
Q1
If we stand facing the sun when it…
सामने पूर्व पीछे पश्चिम बाएँ उत्तर दाएँ दक्षिण…
📝 Question:
Question:** If we stand facing the sun when it rises, the direction in front of us is … , behind us is … , to our left is … , and to our right is
💡 Solution:
front: East, behind: West, left: North, right: South
North-East, South-East, South-West, and North-West
North-North-East (NNE), South-South-East (SSE), South-South-West (SSW), North-North-West (NNW)
- Question: If there was no map of our world, how different would your life be?
- English: Without maps, navigation, trade, travel, governance, town planning, and resource management would become extremely difficult. People would rely solely on verbal descriptions and local memory, making long-distance travel and global trade almost impossible.
- Question: Dulichand and Sushila live close to each other. One day, they got into an argument over the positioning of a water drain. They called the patwari to settle the dispute. How do you think the patwari resolved the issue?
- English: The Patwari resolved the dispute by referring to the official revenue village map (Khasra map) drawn to scale. He measured the plot boundaries on the ground according to the map scale to identify the exact designated path for the water drain.
- Question: What are the different names they use for the different directions?
- English: Elders use traditional Hindi terms such as Purav (East), Paschim (West), Uttar (North), and Dakshin (South). For intermediate directions, traditional names used are Ishan (North-East), Agneya (South-East), Nairutya (South-West), and Vayavya (North-West).
- Question: When do they use these directions in their daily lives?
- English: They use these directions while constructing house entrances (Vastu Shastra), performing daily religious prayers, guiding travelers, and managing agricultural activities according to sun position and wind direction.
Orient the Map of India on the floor and answer:
- Question: In which direction from Rajasthan does Himachal Pradesh lie?
- English: North-East
- Question: In which direction from Chhattisgarh does Gujarat lie?
- English: West
- Question: In which direction from Chhattisgarh does Nepal lie?
- English: North-East
- Question: In which direction from Uttarakhand does Nepal lie?
- English: South-East
- Question: In which direction from Arunachal Pradesh does Nepal lie?
- English: West
- Question: In which direction from Gujarat does Pakistan lie?
- English: North-West
- Question: In which direction from Jammu & Kashmir does China lie?
- English: East / North-East
- Question: In which direction from Andaman & Nicobar Islands does Sri Lanka lie?
- English: West / South-West
- Question: In which direction from Kanyakumari does Sri Lanka lie?
- English: South-East
- Question: In which direction from Manipur does Bangladesh lie?
- English: West / South-West
Question
If two places are 50 km apart what…
If two places are 50 km apart what…
📝 Question:
If two places are 50 km apart, what will be the distance between them in a map drawn to the scale 1 cm = 10 km? – Step-by-Step Calculation: – Given Scale: 1 cm on map = 10 km on ground – Actual ground distance = 50 km – Distance on map = (Actual Ground Distance)/(Ground distance per cm) = (50 km)/(10 km/cm) = 5 cm
💡 Solution:
The distance between the two places on the map will be 5 cm.
Conversion Rule: 1 km = 100,000 cm. Divide the ground denominator by 100,000 to obtain distance in km.
- Question: 1:50,000 (1 cm represents … km)
- Calculation: 50,000 ÷ 100,000 = 0.5 km (or 500 metres)
- English: 1 cm represents 0.5 km
- Question: 1:10,000 (1 cm represents … km)
- Calculation: 10,000 ÷ 100,000 = 0.1 km (or 100 metres)
- English: 1 cm represents 0.1 km
- Question: 1:1,34,000 (1 cm represents … km)
- Calculation: 1,34,000 ÷ 100,000 = 1.34 km
- English: 1 cm represents 1.34 km
- Question: 1:1,500,000 (1 cm represents … km)
- Calculation: 1,500,000 ÷ 100,000 = 15 km
- English: 1 cm represents 15 km
- Question: 1:5,00,00,000 (1 cm represents … km)
- Calculation: 5,00,00,000 ÷ 100,000 = 500 km
- English: 1 cm represents 500 km
- Question: 1:2,56,70,000 (1 cm represents … km)
- Calculation: 2,56,70,000 ÷ 100,000 = 256.7 km
- English: 1 cm represents 256.7 km
- Question: How were maps made in the days when there was no printing press?
- English: Before the printing press was invented, maps were drawn and engraved by hand on clay tablets, animal parchment, cloth, or metal plates. Cartographers hand-copied every map individually, making them rare and unique.
- Question (Project Work 1): Draw a map of everything you see in your village or neighbourhood, using the symbols given in Figure 1.4.
- English Guidelines: Students must observe features like roads, houses, trees, wells, and places of worship, then draw a flat layout using standard international symbols (e.g., red for settlements, blue for rivers/wells, green for trees) along with a direction arrow and legend.
- Question (Project Work 2): Your school is building a laboratory for Class 9. First, make a rough map of the school campus. Use this rough map to prepare a scale map of the campus.
- English Method: First, sketch a freehand outline showing classrooms, playground, gate, and the proposed lab space. Next, measure ground dimensions with a measuring tape. Choose a scale (e.g., 1 cm = 5 metres) and draw the accurate scale map showing the laboratory’s position.
| S.No. | Description | Political Map | Physical Map |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Colours of seas and oceans | ✓ | |
| 2 | Colours of states | ✓ | |
| 3 | Boundaries of states | ✓ | |
| 4 | Boundaries of countries | ✓ | |
| 5 | Index of symbols / Key | ✓ | ✓ |
| 6 | Scale | ✓ | ✓ |
| 7 | Information about rivers | ✓ | |
| 8 | Mountains, plateaus and plains | ✓ |
Question
Two contour lines of different heights dont cross…
समोच्च रेखा Contour line समुद्र तल से समान…
📝 Question:
Two contour lines of different heights don’t cross each other. (Discuss why they do not cross.)
💡 Solution:
A contour line connects points having the exact same elevation above sea level. If two contour lines of different heights were to intersect, that single intersection point would represent two different elevations simultaneously, which is physically impossible on the Earth’s surface. Therefore, contour lines never cross each other.
- Question: Height of places using Physical Map of Chhattisgarh (Map 12):
- (i) Jashpur and Dantewada: Jashpur Plateau is approximately 600 to 1000 metres above sea level, while Dantewada is approximately 300 to 600 metres.
- (ii) Raipur: Located in the Chhattisgarh plain at an elevation of approximately 250 to 300 metres above sea level.
- (iii) Source of Mahanadi: Located in Sihawa hills at an elevation of approximately 400 to 600 metres above sea level.
- Question: Direction of Narayanpur from Raipur
- Answer: South-West. Based on Administrative Map (Map 11).
- Question: Distance between Korba and Kanker
- Answer: Approximately 280 to 300 km on ground. Based on Map with Scale (Map 11/14).
- Question: Direction of Gariaband from Kabirdham
- Answer: South-East. Based on District Map (Map 11).
- Question: Actual distance between Durg and Raigarh
- Answer: Approximately 250 to 270 km on ground. Based on Transport/Scale Map (Map 11/14).
- Question: Districts with dense forests
- Answer: Surajpur, Surguja, Narayanpur, Bijapur, Sukma, Dantewada, and Bastar districts. Based on Forest Map (Map 15).
- Question: Districts with high average temperature and annual average temperature
- Answer: Plains districts such as Raipur, Bilaspur, and Raigarh record summer temperatures exceeding 40°C to 45°C. Annual average temperature across plains is 26°C to 28°C. Based on Climate Map (Map 16/17).
- Question: Why does Bijapur have more forest cover compared to Durg district?
- Answer: Bijapur has hilly, plateau relief and poorer soil suited for natural forests, lower population density, and less agricultural land conversion. In contrast, Durg is located in the fertile plain with flat terrain, high population density, intensive agriculture, and urbanization. Based on Relief Map (Map 12) and Forest Map (Map 15).
- Question: Why do you think people needed maps in the past? What were these maps like?
- English: In the past, maps were needed for trade journeys, ocean voyages, military strategies, land revenue collection, and defining boundaries. These ancient maps were mostly line diagrams, not drawn to scale, and pictorially represented geographic features rather than scientifically accurate distances.
- Question: Cartographers placed their own countries at the centre of their world maps. Why?
- English: Cartographers placed their own nations at the centre due to ethnocentrism, limited knowledge of remote regions of the world, and to emphasize the political importance and pride of their local rulers.
- Question: Al-Idrisi located the south at the top of his maps while the Greeks located the north at the top. Why this difference?
- English: Greek geographers used the Pole Star (which indicates geographic North) as their reference, placing North at the top. Al-Idrisi, an Arab cartographer, followed Arab/Islamic mapmaking traditions where Arabia and Mecca were positioned towards the top by orienting South at the top.
- Question: Give suggestions on how maps can be used to design a plan to build new schools, colleges and hospitals.
- English Suggestions:
- Population Density Maps: Identify underserved regions with high population density or high youth/elderly populations lacking facilities.
- Transport & Connectivity Maps: Select locations directly accessible by road networks and public transit.
- Spatial Gap Analysis: Map existing schools, colleges, and hospitals to avoid clustering and fill unserved geographical gaps.
- Topographic & Hazard Maps: Use relief and flood maps to ensure facilities are built on safe, flat, disaster-resilient land.