CG SCERT (Chhattisgarh Board) Class 9 Social Science Solutions | 2026-27 Official Edition
Complete 100% textbook-grounded CG Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 4 Solutions: The Rivers of India and their Drainage System (भारत की नदियाँ एवं अपवाह तंत्र) in Bilingual Format (English & Hindi Medium).
Question
Look at the physical map of Chhattisgarh and…
Look at the physical map of Chhattisgarh and…
📝 Question:
Look at the physical map of Chhattisgarh and answer the following: / : 1. Question 1: The place of origin of the Mahanadi /
💡 Solution:
The Mahanadi originates from the Sihawa mountain range in the Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh.
- Northern Tributaries: Sheonath, Hasdeo, Mand, and Ib.
- Southern Tributaries: Pairi, Sondhur, Sukha, Jonk, and Tel.
The prominent historical, religious, and administrative places located on the banks of the Mahanadi in Chhattisgarh include Rajim, Shivrinarayan, Sirpur, Champaranya, and Chandrapur.
b) rectangular /
- Step-by-Step Analysis: In a dendritic drainage pattern, streams and tributaries branch out like the limbs of a tree, joining the main river at acute angles. The textbook diagram depicting a tree-like branching stream network represents the dendritic pattern.
- Answer:a) dendritic
a) Only 1 is correct / 1
b) 1 and 3 are correct / 1 3
c) 1 and 2 are correct / 1 2
d) Only 2 is correct / 2
- Step-by-Step Analysis: The Brahmaputra river originates in Tibet (China), flows through India (Arunachal Pradesh and Assam), and passes through Bangladesh before entering the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, statements 1 (India and China) and 3 (Bangladesh) are correct, while statement 2 (India and Pakistan) is incorrect.
- Answer:b) 1 and 3 are correct
b) Ganga /
- Step-by-Step Analysis: Before draining into the Bay of Bengal, the Ganga (along with the Brahmaputra) splits into distributaries and deposits vast sediment to form the Sundarban Delta.
- Answer:b) Ganga
a) Ganga /
d) Mahanadi /
- Step-by-Step Analysis: India’s longest dam, Hirakud, is constructed across the Mahanadi river near the border of Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
- Answer:d) Mahanadi
- English:
- Drainage: Drainage refers to the natural flow of surface water into a river from its surrounding region, determined by the slope (gradient) of the land and local topographical features.
- Drainage System: A main river along with all its tributaries and distributaries forms a combined network that drains a defined watershed area, which is known as a drainage system. The entire geographical land area from which water collects into this network is called the river basin.
- Hindi:
- English: The upper course (youthful stage) of a river is located in hilly and mountainous regions where slopes are steep. Its key features are:
- Steep Gradient and Fast Current: The river flows with high velocity down steep mountain slopes.
- Vertical Erosion: Due to a strong current, the river cuts down deeply into its bed, producing steep landforms such as V-shaped valleys, gorges, and canyons.
- Waterfalls and Rapids: Sudden drops in the rocky mountain bed create waterfalls (such as Dhuandhar on the Narmada) and turbulent rapids.
- Transportation of Heavy Boulders: The river carries heavy sediment, large rocks, and gravel eroded from upper peaks.
- Question 7: What are the differences between the Ganga and the Godavari basins? /
- English:
- Origin and Type: The Ganga originates from Himalayan glaciers (a perennial system fed by snowmelt and rain), whereas the Godavari originates in the Western Ghats (a peninsular rain-fed seasonal system).
- Basin Area and Extent: The Ganga basin covers a vast northern alluvial plain, whereas the Godavari is the largest peninsular river basin.
- Soil Type: The Ganga basin consists predominantly of fertile alluvial soil deposited by annual river floods. The Godavari basin consists extensively of fertile black cotton soil.
- Dams and Topography: The Ganga basin features flat alluvial terrain facilitating dense transport networks and high population density. The Godavari basin flows through undulating peninsular topography and passes through narrow gorges (like Pollavaram).
- Hindi:
- English:
- Problems Faced:
- Frequent Flooding and Salinization: Tidal floods submerge delta islands, damaging crops and contaminating drinking water sources.
- Human-Wildlife Conflict: Tigers wash ashore during floods and attack humans due to depleted natural prey (deer and wild boar).
- Embankment Failures: Collapsing mud embankments lead to heavy loss of life and property.
- Resource Depletion and Forced Migration: Loss of bamboo, lack of employment, and harsh conditions forced around 600,000 people to migrate in 2004.
- Proposed Resolutions:
- Concrete and Eco-friendly Embankments: Construct strong, stone-pitched embankments and plant dense mangrove buffers along shorelines to prevent erosion.
- Wildlife Conservation and Fencing: Restore natural prey populations (deer and wild boar) and erect solar-powered wire mesh fencing around villages to prevent tiger entries.
- Sustainable Livelihoods: Promote saline-tolerant crop varieties, scientific honey collection, inland fish farming, and eco-tourism to prevent forced migration.
- Hindi:
- English:
- Meaning of Groundwater: Groundwater is the subsurface water that seeps down through soil and porous rock layers and gets stored in underground aquifers.
- Status of Water Table: Yes, the groundwater table is falling rapidly across many regions of India.
- Reasons for Falling Water Table:
- Over-Exploitation for Irrigation: Groundwater has become the chief source for agricultural irrigation, extracted indiscriminately using electric tubewells.
- Treatment as Private Property: People treat underground water as private property beneath their plots rather than a shared community resource.
- Deeper Borewells Competition: Excessive extraction by one landowner forces neighbours to bore deeper tube wells, creating a vicious cycle.
- Inadequate Recharge: Deforestation and concrete paving prevent natural rainwater percolation into aquifers.
- Hindi:
- English: Hivre Bazar, a drought-prone village in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra receiving only 400 mm annual rainfall, resolved its severe water crisis through community water management:
- Soil and Water Conservation: Dug continuous contour trenches along hill slopes, built check dams, percolation tanks, and loose boulder structures to trap rainwater and recharge groundwater.
- Afforestation and Enforced Bans: Planted trees along roads and forests, declaring strict bans on tree felling and open livestock grazing.
- Ban on Water-Intensive Tubewells and Crops: Enforced a complete ban on deep borewells and banned water-intensive crops like sugarcane and banana by common consent.
- Treating Water as a Public Resource: Treated flowing groundwater as a shared public resource belonging to the entire community.
- Results: Irrigated land expanded from 7 hectares to 72 hectares, wells remain filled throughout the year, milk production grew 20-fold, and farmers successfully diversified into crops like potatoes, onions, pomegranates, and flowers.