CG Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 14 Solutions: Gender Equality and Women’s Rights (जेंडर समानता और महिला अधिकार) – 2026-27

a) biological difference

b) economic difference

c) social difference

d) political difference

• Official Solution: c) social difference / ) .

ii) Household work done by women is considered to be:

a) high wages work

b) no wages work

c) low value work

d) women’s work

• Official Solution: c) low value work / ) (also unpaid).

iii) Men dislike cleaning, cooking, washing clothes, etc. in their home but they are seen to do such work outside their homes. This is because:

a) they get paid

b) there is no dignity in doing these chores

c) they do not earn any money

d) such work takes a lot of effort

iv) Many people accept their gender-based roles because:

a) they accept traditional beliefs and customs and cannot easily discard them

b) they think it is against the law to change their roles

c) they feel it would not be just to women for them to change their roles

d) they feel it would be difficult for them to change their roles

(स्थानीय स्वशासन निकायों में महिलाओं को 33 (छत्तीसगढ़ जैसे राज्यों में 50) प्रतिशत आरक्षण प्राप्त है।)

(महिलाएं विधानसभाओं और संसद में 33 प्रतिशत आरक्षण की मांग कर रही हैं।)

(महिलाएं आर्थिक रूप से आत्मनिर्भर बनने के लिए स्व-सहायता समूह (SHG) बना रही हैं।)

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

Traditional prejudices against women included

1. Believing that a woman’s only role is looking after household chores and raising children.
2. Considering women emotionally weak, submissive, and incapable of taking major family decisions.
3. Restricting girls from higher technical education or working outside the house.
4. Believing that educating women leads to bad luck or widowhood.

1.

1. ,

3.

4.

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Household Work: Performed inside the home without wages, often unrecognized and labeled as “low-value work” despite demanding long working hours.
2. Outside Work: Earns financial remuneration, although women face wage discrimination in the unorganized sector (getting only around 60% of male wages).
3. : ,
4. : , – 60%

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

The curriculum in Savitribai Phule’s schools aimed at scientific awareness and social reform. It included

1. Moral stories, Devanagari script, and Grammar.
2. Mathematics and Geography.
3. Maratha History and Map reading of Asia, Europe, and India.
4. ,

2.

1. ,

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Suffrage Movement: Joined national and international universal suffrage movements to secure voting rights.
2. Educational Expansion: Social reformers like Savitribai Phule established girls’ schools.
3. Legal Reforms: Fought for property rights (Hindu Succession Act amendments) and anti-dowry laws.
4. Grassroots Organizing: Formed Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and liquor prohibition satyagrahas (like Mata Rajmohini Devi).
5. :
6. :
7. :
8. : – (SHG)

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Patriarchal Mindset: Deeply ingrained social belief that men are superior and decision-makers.
2. Traditional Customs: Blind adherence to old orthodox customs regarding division of labor.
3. Lack of Economic Self-Reliance: Financial dependence of women on male family members.
4. Preference for Male Child: Social bias leading to unequal care, literacy, and female foeticide.
5. :
6. :
7. :
8. :

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Laws addressing health, education, domestic safety, and equal pay will be enacted swiftly.
2. Women will gain social dignity, confidence, and leadership recognition.
3. Patriarchal prejudices will crumble as female leaders demonstrate effective governance.
4. , ,
5. ,

3.

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Formation of SHGs: Self-Help Groups provide micro-credit and self-employment training.
2. Nontraditional Occupations: Women are entering non-traditional jobs like driving auto-rickshaws, jeeps, and harvesters (e.g., Sarguja district initiatives).
3. Government Schemes: Special skill training, cottage industry support, and equal pay legislation.
4. – : SHG
5. – : , ,
6. : ,

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Equal Parenting: Raising boys and girls with equal opportunities, chores, and dignity at home.
2. Universal Education: Promoting higher education and career choices for girls without bias.
3. Political Reservation: Enacting 33% reservation for women in Parliament and State Assemblies.
4. Strict Safety Laws: Rigorous enforcement of CASH/Vishakha Committee guidelines at all workplaces.
5. : ,
6. :
7. : 33%
8. : (CASH)

1. Image 1 Cycle: Typically used by boys, as it features a straight crossbar frame.
2. Design Difference: Cycles are designed differently due to societal gender norms and traditional attire (e.g., lower slanted frames in girls’ cycles accommodate skirts or sarees).
3. Difference between Images 3 & 4: Image 3 shows a decorative shoulder purse (for girls), while Image 4 shows a rectangular briefcase/bag (for men).
4. Handbag Usage: Handbags with decorative designs are used by women, while formal leather bags are used by men.
5. Universal Use: Yes, functionally both boys and girls can use all these items, as physical objects have no inherent gender restriction; the distinction is created entirely by marketing and social conditioning.

1. Reasons for Columns 1 & 2: Society conditions us from childhood through toys, media, and parental guidance to link soft traits with girls and aggressive/tough traits with boys.
2. Reasons for Column 3: Skills like driving, computing, and intellectual work depend on training and mental capability, not gender.
3. Meaning of Gender: ‘Sex’ refers to biological differences at birth, whereas ‘Gender’ refers to social roles, behaviors, and expectations assigned to men and women by society.
4. Human Qualities: No. Politeness, tenderness, and tolerance are human virtues found in both men and women.

All jobs can be performed equally well by both men and women if given proper education and training. Biological differences do not determine a person’s ability to drive a tractor, practice law, or treat patients.

• Third Gender Note: The Supreme Court of India recognized the ‘Third Gender’ in official documents, ensuring constitutional equality for transgender individuals.

1. Reason & Legal Validity: Shyamlal stopped Ramvati due to patriarchial prejudice, fearing social dishonor if his wife worked alongside other men. His reasons are legally invalid, as Article 19 and 21 of the Indian Constitution grant every citizen the right to work and choose their livelihood.
2. Family Benefit: Ramvati’s employment would have increased family income, improved living standards, assisted in children’s education, and funded their daughter’s marriage.
3. Right Approach: Ramvati’s thinking was right, as economic self-reliance strengthens family welfare and promotes gender equality.

1. Difficulties Faced: Disadvantaged castes faced extreme social discrimination, oppression, untouchability, and denial of basic civil rights. Upper castes formulated rigid religious rules to maintain dominance.
2. Education as a Weapon: Savitribai believed superstition and orthodox customs could only be eradicated through literacy, scientific thinking, and rational awareness.
3. Her Efforts: She established India’s first girls’ school in Pune in 1848 and set up 17 more schools by 1897. She became India’s first female teacher, enduring insults and trash thrown at her by upper-caste orthodox groups.
4. Jyotiba’s Support: Jyotiba Phule recognized that educating a woman transforms an entire family and society, motivating him to educate Savitribai at home.

1. Pre-Independence Demands: Voting rights, equal educational/health facilities, property inheritance, and an end to child marriage.
2. Post-Election Challenges: Elected women panchs/sarpanchs faced male dominance, non-acceptance of their decisions by male family members, and a lack of real financial/administrative powers.
3. Sex Ratio Comparison: According to the 2011 Census, Chhattisgarh has a sex ratio of 991 females per 1000 males, whereas Haryana has a low sex ratio of 879. Reason: Chhattisgarh’s tribal society practices minimal gender discrimination, whereas Haryana suffered from severe female foeticide, son preference, and patriarchal practices.

The Supreme Court of India mandated the creation of the Committee Against Sexual Harassment (CASH), also known as the Vishakha Committee, in every government and private workplace, school, and college to prevent sexual harassment and investigate complaints independently.