CG Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 13 Solutions: Rights (अधिकार) – 2026-27

(दास व्यापार की शुरुआत 17वीं शताब्दी में हुई थी।)

(महिलाओं के अधिकारों की रक्षा के लिए महिला आयोग का गठन किया गया था।)

(संविधान में 14 वर्ष से कम आयु के बच्चों के काम करने को बाल श्रम माना गया है।)

(मार्टिन लूथर किंग जूनियर ने अश्वेत (एफ्रो-अमेरिकन) लोगों के अधिकारों के लिए आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किया।)

(राष्ट्रीय महिला आयोग की वर्तमान अध्यक्ष विजया राहटकर हैं।)

• Solution: c) 86th (86th Amendment Act of 2002).

ii) The current minimum voting age in India is:

a) 16 years

b) 18 years

c) 21 years

d) 25 years

• Solution: b) 18 years.

iii) Coloured people are the native inhabitants of:

a) America

b) Europe

c) Africa

d) Asia

• Solution: c) Africa.

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

Slavery is an inhumane system where a human being is legally owned, bought, and sold as chattel property by another person

1. Slaves possessed no civil, political, or human rights.
2. They were forced to perform grueling labor without wages.
3. They were subjected to physical bondage, branding, and mistreatment.
4. ,

2.

1. ,

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

A summon is an official legal order issued by a court or a statutory commission (like the Human Rights Commission) requiring an individual, witness, or government official to present themselves before the authority on a specified date to give evidence, produce documents, or answer questions.

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

Human rights are violated when individuals or state institutions deny basic freedoms and human dignity

1. State Custodial Violence: Police brutality, illegal detention, and custodial deaths.
2. Social Discrimination: Untouchability, caste boycott, and gender violence.
3. Economic Exploitation: Child labor, bonded labor, human trafficking, and denial of minimum wages.
4. : ,
5. : ,
6. : , ,

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Independent Probe: Conducts impartial inquiries into cases of human rights abuse and government negligence.
2. Summoning Power: Issues summons to witnesses and demands government records.
3. On-the-Spot Inquiry: Visits places of violation (like jails or hospitals) to inspect conditions and direct immediate relief.
4. :
5. :
6. :

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

Although the 15th Constitutional Amendment granted voting rights in 1870, state laws created obstacles. Coloured people gained unrestricted right to vote in 1964 following the passage of the Civil Rights Act resulting from the mass Civil Rights Movement.

1870 15 , 1964 1964

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Advises the government on women’s welfare policies and legislative protections.
2. Investigates complaints regarding domestic violence, dowry harassment, and female foeticide.
3. Protects abandoned/divorced women and helps abolish child marriage.

1.

1. ,

3.

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

The Commission was set up to prevent child labor, child trafficking, and abuse, ensuring that all children aged below 14 years get education, healthcare, and protection even during distressful situations like war.

, 14 ,

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

The main reasons were economic greed derived from slave labor in plantations, alongside deep-seated racial prejudice that falsely treated non-whites as an inferior race unfit for equal civil rights.

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Empowers Citizens: Enables citizens to question government delays in issuing public documents (like ration cards or marksheets).
2. Ensures Transparency: Allows inspection of government works, budget allocations, and official records.
3. Curbs Corruption: Holds officials accountable under threat of daily penalties.
4. :
5. : ,
6. :

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

Yes, Indian Fundamental Rights reflect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

1. Human Dignity & Equality: Right to Equality mirrors international principles of non-discrimination.
2. Freedom & Protection: Freedom of speech, life, and protection against exploitation embody global norms.
3. Legal Enforceability: Indian courts legally enforce these principles, transforming universal ideals into binding statutory rights.

, 1948

1. :
2. : ,
3. :

The practice of slavery denied human beings their fundamental right to life, freedom of movement, personal liberty, bodily dignity, right to equality, right to fair wages, and freedom from forced labor. Slaves were branded, handcuffed, crammed into ships like cattle, denied proper food, sold as chattel property, and forced into grueling labor without wages or legal rights.

• English Step-by-Step Comparison:

1. Democratic Citizen: Enjoys constitutional protection, equal rights, freedom of speech, right to education, choice of occupation, fair remuneration, and equal access to public places.
2. African Slave: Treated as physical property without human dignity; subjected to forced labor, bodily torture, starvation, separation from family, and denied all legal or civic protections.
3. : , , , , ,
4. : / ; , , ,

A public place is any area or facility owned, maintained, or open for common use by all members of society without discrimination. Examples: Public buses, railway stations, parks, government hospitals, restaurants, libraries, and cinema halls.

Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech highlights that despite the Emancipation Proclamation, coloured Americans remained crippled by segregation and discrimination. They lived on an “island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity” and felt exiled in their own homeland due to racial injustice and lack of voting rights.

He dreamed of a nation where sons of former slaves and former slave owners could sit together at the table of brotherhood. He envisioned an America where his four little children would be judged by the “content of their character” rather than the color of their skin, and where freedom and justice resonated across every state.

Coloured Americans used non-violent direct action, mass public rallies, peaceful demonstrations, long marches (such as the 1963 March on Washington), bus boycotts, and civil disobedience campaigns led by Martin Luther King Jr..

Without rights, individuals face state oppression, exploitation, arbitrary arrest, forced labor, denial of education, lack of creative freedom, and loss of human dignity. Power concentrates among a select few, leading to partisan laws and stopping individual progress.

Rights empower individuals by providing freedom and security to grow physically, emotionally, and mentally. They offer opportunities to be creative and innovative in fields like writing, music, and art, while education enables citizens to live with dignity and self-respect.

We ensure rights through constitutional guarantees, strict enforcement by an independent judiciary, active protection by specialized commissions (like Human Rights Commissions), public awareness, and vigilant citizens who challenge rights violations.

Rights gain legal status when they are formally recognized, enacted into law by parliament, or codified within a country’s constitution. Legal sanction binds the state to implement rights and gives citizens the legal authority to enforce them through courts.

Without the fundamental right to education, millions of children, especially from poor backgrounds, remained illiterate, trapped in child labor, unable to secure skilled employment, and deprived of a dignified life.

Right to Equality / equality before law.

• Scenario 2a (Page 207): Right permitting rural/impoverished people to migrate and settle in prosperous regions for work.
• Which right is involved? / ?

Right to Freedom (freedom of movement and residence across India).

• Scenario 2b (Page 207): Right permitting people to express views by printing leaflets or writing articles in newspapers.
• Which right is involved? / ?

Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression.

• Scenario 3 (Page 207): Prohibition of children below 14 years from working in dangerous factories, mines, or forced labor.
• Which right is involved? / ?

Right against Exploitation.

• Scenario 4 (Page 207): Preservation of language, culture, and religion by linguistic or religious minorities.
• Which fundamental right protects minorities? / ?

Cultural and Educational Rights.

• Scenario 5 (Page 207): Factory discharging effluents that pollute drinking water and spread diseases.
• Which Fundamental Right does this violate? / ?

Right to Life (Article 21 – Right to clean environment and health integral to dignified life).

Without a Human Rights Commission, victims of police atrocities, custodial deaths, domestic violence, child labor, and social boycott would have no independent body to investigate their grievances. They face these problems because ordinary government departments often shield defaulting officials, making impartial inquiry difficult.

While the Commission investigates complaints, issues summons, and sends expert teams, it cannot penalize violators directly or monitor every single incident nationwide due to vast population size and limited staff. Complete protection requires active support from courts, civil society, and vigilant citizens.

Before the RTI Act (2005), government offices maintained extreme secrecy. Applications for welfare schemes (like ration cards) were lost or ignored, corrupt officials demanded bribes, and citizens could not verify funding or official records.

The RTI Act mandates that offices provide requested information within 30 days (or 48 hours for life/liberty matters), imposing a daily fine of Rs. 250 (up to Rs. 25,000) on defaulting officials. Citizens can inspect government work, examine records, and get certified copies.

Central Information Commissioner of India (as of 2026):* Shri Heeralal Samariya (or incumbent Chief Information Commissioner).

• State Information Commissioner of Chhattisgarh: Shri Narendra Kumar Shukla (or incumbent State Chief Information Commissioner).

The Women’s Commission was established to improve women’s socio-economic status, protect their constitutional/legal rights, prevent domestic violence, dowry harassment, female foeticide, and child marriage, and support abandoned or divorced women.

It investigates cases of atrocities and domestic abuse, offers legal aid and counselling, summons offenders, provides financial/rehabilitation advice, and creates public awareness against gender discrimination.

Child laborers work in tea stalls, hotels/restaurants, domestic work, brick kilns, carpet weaving, firecracker factories, agriculture, rag-picking, automobile repair shops, and construction sites.

It was created to protect children aged below 14 years from child labor, trafficking, physical/sexual abuse, and neglect, ensuring their right to free education, healthcare, and proper physical and mental development.