CG Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 14 Solutions: Gender Equality and Women’s Rights (जेंडर समानता और महिला अधिकार) – 2026-27

1. Image 1 Cycle: Typically used by boys, as it features a straight crossbar frame.
2. Design Difference: Cycles are designed differently due to societal gender norms and traditional attire (e.g., lower slanted frames in girls’ cycles accommodate skirts or sarees).
3. Difference between Images 3 & 4: Image 3 shows a decorative shoulder purse (for girls), while Image 4 shows a rectangular briefcase/bag (for men).
4. Handbag Usage: Handbags with decorative designs are used by women, while formal leather bags are used by men.
5. Universal Use: Yes, functionally both boys and girls can use all these items, as physical objects have no inherent gender restriction; the distinction is created entirely by marketing and social conditioning.

1. Reasons for Columns 1 & 2: Society conditions us from childhood through toys, media, and parental guidance to link soft traits with girls and aggressive/tough traits with boys.
2. Reasons for Column 3: Skills like driving, computing, and intellectual work depend on training and mental capability, not gender.
3. Meaning of Gender: ‘Sex’ refers to biological differences at birth, whereas ‘Gender’ refers to social roles, behaviors, and expectations assigned to men and women by society.
4. Human Qualities: No. Politeness, tenderness, and tolerance are human virtues found in both men and women.

All jobs can be performed equally well by both men and women if given proper education and training. Biological differences do not determine a person’s ability to drive a tractor, practice law, or treat patients.

• Third Gender Note: The Supreme Court of India recognized the ‘Third Gender’ in official documents, ensuring constitutional equality for transgender individuals.

1. Reason & Legal Validity: Shyamlal stopped Ramvati due to patriarchial prejudice, fearing social dishonor if his wife worked alongside other men. His reasons are legally invalid, as Article 19 and 21 of the Indian Constitution grant every citizen the right to work and choose their livelihood.
2. Family Benefit: Ramvati’s employment would have increased family income, improved living standards, assisted in children’s education, and funded their daughter’s marriage.
3. Right Approach: Ramvati’s thinking was right, as economic self-reliance strengthens family welfare and promotes gender equality.

1. Difficulties Faced: Disadvantaged castes faced extreme social discrimination, oppression, untouchability, and denial of basic civil rights. Upper castes formulated rigid religious rules to maintain dominance.
2. Education as a Weapon: Savitribai believed superstition and orthodox customs could only be eradicated through literacy, scientific thinking, and rational awareness.
3. Her Efforts: She established India’s first girls’ school in Pune in 1848 and set up 17 more schools by 1897. She became India’s first female teacher, enduring insults and trash thrown at her by upper-caste orthodox groups.
4. Jyotiba’s Support: Jyotiba Phule recognized that educating a woman transforms an entire family and society, motivating him to educate Savitribai at home.

1. Pre-Independence Demands: Voting rights, equal educational/health facilities, property inheritance, and an end to child marriage.
2. Post-Election Challenges: Elected women panchs/sarpanchs faced male dominance, non-acceptance of their decisions by male family members, and a lack of real financial/administrative powers.
3. Sex Ratio Comparison: According to the 2011 Census, Chhattisgarh has a sex ratio of 991 females per 1000 males, whereas Haryana has a low sex ratio of 879. Reason: Chhattisgarh’s tribal society practices minimal gender discrimination, whereas Haryana suffered from severe female foeticide, son preference, and patriarchal practices.

The Supreme Court of India mandated the creation of the Committee Against Sexual Harassment (CASH), also known as the Vishakha Committee, in every government and private workplace, school, and college to prevent sexual harassment and investigate complaints independently.

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

Traditional prejudices against women included:

1. Believing that a woman’s only role is looking after household chores and raising children.
2. Considering women emotionally weak, submissive, and incapable of taking major family decisions.
3. Restricting girls from higher technical education or working outside the house.
4. Believing that educating women leads to bad luck or widowhood.

• हिंदी चरण-दर-चरण उत्तर:

महिलाओं के प्रति पारंपरिक पूर्वाग्रह निम्नलिखित थे:

1. यह मानना कि महिला का काम केवल घर संभालना और बच्चे पालना है।
2. महिलाओं को मानसिक रूप से कमजोर, भावुक और फैसले लेने में अयोग्य समझना।
3. लड़कियों को उच्च तकनीकी शिक्षा और बाहर नौकरी करने से रोकना।
4. यह अंधविश्वास रखना कि महिलाओं के पढ़ने से वे विधवा हो जाती हैं।

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Household Work: Performed inside the home without wages, often unrecognized and labeled as “low-value work” despite demanding long working hours.
2. Outside Work: Earns financial remuneration, although women face wage discrimination in the unorganized sector (getting only around 60% of male wages).

• हिंदी चरण-दर-चरण उत्तर:

1. घर का काम: बिना किसी मजदूरी के किया जाता है, जिसे समाज में कोई आर्थिक मूल्य नहीं दिया जाता।
2. बाहर का काम: इसके बदले नकद मजदूरी मिलती है, हालांकि गैर-सरकारी क्षेत्रों में महिलाओं को पुरुषों की तुलना में केवल 60% मजदूरी दी जाती है।

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

The curriculum in Savitribai Phule’s schools aimed at scientific awareness and social reform. It included:

1. Moral stories, Devanagari script, and Grammar.
2. Mathematics and Geography.
3. Maratha History and Map reading of Asia, Europe, and India.

• हिंदी चरण-दर-चरण उत्तर:

सावित्रीबाई फुले के स्कूलों के पाठ्यक्रम में शामिल था:

1. नैतिक कहानियां, देवनागरी लिपि और व्याकरण।
2. गणित और भूगोल।
3. मराठा इतिहास तथा एशिया, यूरोप और भारत के मानचित्रों का ज्ञान।

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Suffrage Movement: Joined national and international universal suffrage movements to secure voting rights.
2. Educational Expansion: Social reformers like Savitribai Phule established girls’ schools.
3. Legal Reforms: Fought for property rights (Hindu Succession Act amendments) and anti-dowry laws.
4. Grassroots Organizing: Formed Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and liquor prohibition satyagrahas (like Mata Rajmohini Devi).

• हिंदी चरण-दर-चरण उत्तर:

1. मताधिकार आंदोलन: राष्ट्रीय व अंतरराष्ट्रीय संगठनों से जुड़कर वोट देने का अधिकार प्राप्त किया।
2. शिक्षा का प्रसार: सावित्रीबाई फुले जैसी समाज सुधारकों ने स्कूल खोलकर बालिकाओं को शिक्षित किया।
3. कानूनी सुधार: पैतृक संपत्ति में अधिकार (1956 व 2005 के कानून) और दहेज विरोधी कानूनों के लिए आंदोलन किए।
4. आर्थिक व सामाजिक प्रयास: स्व-सहायता समूह (SHG) बनाए और शराबबंदी के लिए सत्याग्रह किए।

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Patriarchal Mindset: Deeply ingrained social belief that men are superior and decision-makers.
2. Traditional Customs: Blind adherence to old orthodox customs regarding division of labor.
3. Lack of Economic Self-Reliance: Financial dependence of women on male family members.
4. Preference for Male Child: Social bias leading to unequal care, literacy, and female foeticide.

• हिंदी चरण-दर-चरण उत्तर:

1. पितृसत्तात्मक सोच: यह मानना कि पुरुष ही परिवार के प्रमुख और निर्णयकर्ता हैं।
2. रूढ़िवादी परंपराएं: पुरानी कुप्रथाओं और अंधविश्वासों का अंधानुकरण करना।
3. आर्थिक निर्भरता: महिलाओं की अपनी आय न होना जिससे उन्हें पुरुषों पर निर्भर रहना पड़ता है।
4. पुत्र मोह: बेटों को बेटियों से श्रेष्ठ मानने की सामाजिक मानसिकता।

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Laws addressing health, education, domestic safety, and equal pay will be enacted swiftly.
2. Women will gain social dignity, confidence, and leadership recognition.
3. Patriarchal prejudices will crumble as female leaders demonstrate effective governance.

• हिंदी चरण-दर-चरण उत्तर:

1. महिलाओं के स्वास्थ्य, शिक्षा, सुरक्षा और समान वेतन से जुड़े कानूनों का प्रभावी निर्माण होगा।
2. समाज में महिलाओं का सम्मान, आत्मविश्वास और नेतृत्व क्षमता बढ़ेगी।
3. जब महिलाएं कुशल शासन चलाएंगी तो समाज की संकीर्ण पूर्वाग्रही सोच समाप्त होगी।

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Formation of SHGs: Self-Help Groups provide micro-credit and self-employment training.
2. Nontraditional Occupations: Women are entering non-traditional jobs like driving auto-rickshaws, jeeps, and harvesters (e.g., Sarguja district initiatives).
3. Government Schemes: Special skill training, cottage industry support, and equal pay legislation.

• हिंदी चरण-दर-चरण उत्तर:

1. स्व-सहायता समूहों का गठन: महिला SHG के जरिए ऋण और स्वरोजगार का प्रशिक्षण दिया जा रहा है।
2. गैर-पारंपरिक रोजगार: महिलाएं ऑटो, जीप, ट्रैक्टर चलाने और सेनेटरी नैपकिन बनाने जैसे नए व्यवसायों से जुड़ रही हैं।
3. सरकारी योजनाएं: कौशल विकास कार्यक्रम, लघु उद्योगों को वित्तीय प्रोत्साहन और समान वेतन कानून।

• English Step-by-Step Answer:

1. Equal Parenting: Raising boys and girls with equal opportunities, chores, and dignity at home.
2. Universal Education: Promoting higher education and career choices for girls without bias.
3. Political Reservation: Enacting 33% reservation for women in Parliament and State Assemblies.
4. Strict Safety Laws: Rigorous enforcement of CASH/Vishakha Committee guidelines at all workplaces.

• हिंदी चरण-दर-चरण उत्तर:

1. समान परवरिश: घर में लड़के और लड़की को समान अवसर, खिलौने और काम की जिम्मेदारी देना।
2. गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा: लड़कियों को बिना भेदभाव के उनकी पसंद की उच्च शिक्षा दिलाना।
3. राजनीतिक आरक्षण: संसद और विधानसभाओं में महिलाओं के लिए 33% आरक्षण लागू करना।
4. कार्यस्थल सुरक्षा: सभी संस्थानों में विशाखा समिति (CASH) के नियमों का कड़ाई से पालन करना।