CG Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 15 Solutions: Understanding Economic Activities (आर्थिक क्रियाओं की समझ) – 2026-27

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CG SCERT (Chhattisgarh Board) Class 9 Social Science Solutions | 2026-27 Official Edition

Complete 100% textbook-grounded CG Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 15 Solutions: Understanding Economic Activities (आर्थिक क्रियाओं की समझ) in Bilingual Format (English & Hindi Medium).

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Part 1

In-Text Questions, Tables & Numerical Activities

1

पाठ्यांतर्गत प्रश्न, तालिकाएँ एवं आंकिक गतिविधियाँ

Section 15.1

What are Economic Activities? (Pages 231-232)

Q1

Complete the list of economic activities by adding…


📝 Question:

Complete the list of economic activities by adding examples (Items 12 to 20): (Page 231)

💡 Solution:

  1. A tailor stitching clothes for customers and charging money.
  2. An auto-rickshaw driver transporting passengers for a fare.
  3. A banker accepting deposits and providing loans.
  4. A software engineer developing programs for a salary.
  5. A vegetable vendor selling vegetables in the daily market.
  6. A potter selling earthing pots in the local haat.
  7. A mechanic repairing motorcycles at a service center.
  8. A mason building houses for wages.
  9. A chemist selling medicines at a medical store.

Q2

Separate the activities listed in Table 1 into…


📝 Question:

Separate the activities listed in Table 1 into activities that produce goods and activities that provide services. (Page 231-232)

💡 Solution:

Activities producing Goods:** Farmers growing crops, Making clay pots, Carpenters making furniture, Factories manufacturing paper, Gathering honey, Spinning silk thread to weave saris, Culturing fish, Mining bauxite.

  • Activities providing Services: Traders purchasing and selling goods, Teachers teaching in school, Setting up a retail shop.

Q3

What are economic activities Explain with examples Page…


📝 Question:

What are economic activities? Explain with examples. (Page 232)

💡 Solution:

All human activities involving the production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services for money to fulfill various human needs are called economic activities.

  • Examples: A farmer selling wheat in the market, a doctor treating patients for a consultation fee, and a factory manufacturing footwear.

Q4

Make a list of economic activities that Page…


📝 Question:

Make a list of economic activities that: (Page 232) a) continue throughout the year b) continue for a few days or months

💡 Solution:

a) Throughout the year:** Running a grocery store, teaching in schools, banking operations, medical services, paper manufacturing, and public bus transport.

  • b) Seasonal (few days/months): Harvesting paddy/wheat, making clay diyas during Diwali, gathering tendu leaves, running ice-cream stalls in summer, and jaggery production from sugarcane.

Section 15.2

Sectors of the Economy & Table Activities (Pages 232-234)

Q5

Explain the role of nature in agricultural production…


📝 Question:

Explain the role of nature in agricultural production. (Page 232)

💡 Solution:

Nature plays a fundamental role in agriculture because agricultural production directly depends on natural resources and processes. Crops require rainfall, fertile soil, sunlight, appropriate temperature, and groundwater to germinate and mature. Human labor and seeds yield crops only when supported by favorable natural conditions.

Q6

Table 11 Enterprise Classification Activity Page 232233


📝 Question:

Table 1.1: Enterprise Classification Activity (Page 232-233)

💡 Solution:

S No / .Cottage Industry /Small-scale Industry /Large-scale Industry /
2. Raw Materials / Bamboo sticks, cane / ,Paddy /Limestone, gypsum, coal / , ,
3. Source of Raw Materials / Local forests or haat /Local farmers /Captive limestone mines /
4. Finished Product / Baskets, mats / ,Milled Rice /Cement bags /

Q7

Table 12 Sector Classification Activity Page 233


📝 Question:

Table 1.2: Sector Classification Activity (Page 233)

💡 Solution:

S No / .Agricultural & Allied Sector /Industrial Sector /Service Sector /
2Dairy farming and milk collection /Sugar manufacturing from sugarcane /Truck driver transporting grain /
3Fish culture in ponds /Manufacturing bricks in kiln /Doctor treating patients in hospital /
4Gathering honey from forests /Stitching ready-made garments /Bank clerk providing loans /

Q8

How do transportation and communication services help in…


📝 Question:

How do transportation and communication services help in the production of goods? (Page 233)

💡 Solution:

  1. Transportation: Moves raw materials from remote farms or mines to industrial factories and carries finished goods from factories to markets and consumers.
  2. Communication: Allows producers to place orders for raw materials, negotiate prices with buyers, stay updated on market demand, and coordinate distribution efficiently.

Section 15.3

Measuring Production, Double Counting & GDP (Pages 234-236)

Q9

Table 13 Numerical Calculation Calculate total money value…


📝 Question:

. Table 1.3 Numerical Calculation: Calculate total money value of given goods and services. (Page 234)**

💡 Solution:

S No / .Good or Service /Quantity /Rate /Total Value /
2Milk /100 litresRs 30 per litreRs 3,000
3Eye operation /10 operationsRs 5,000 per operationRs 50,000
TotalAll three / ––Rs 68,000

9. 1.3 :

  • Step-by-Step Numerical Calculation / — :
  1. Sugar / : 500 kg x Rs 30/kg = Rs 15,000
  2. Milk / : 100 litres x Rs 30/litre = Rs 3,000
  3. Eye Operations / : 10 operations x Rs 5,000/operation = Rs 50,000
  • Total Value / : Rs 15,000 + Rs 3,000 + Rs 50,000 = Rs 68,000
  • Completed Table 1.3 / 1.3:

Q10

What are the intermediate goods required to produce…


📝 Question:

What are the intermediate goods required to produce a motorcycle? Discuss in class. (Page 235)

💡 Solution:

Intermediate goods required to produce a motorcycle include steel sheets, rubber for tires and tubes, engine oil, plastic body panels, copper wires, glass for mirrors, leather/synthetic cloth for seat covers, paint, and batteries.

Q11

Can anything be a final product in one…


📝 Question:

Can anything be a final product in one case and an intermediate good in another case? Explain with an example. (Page 235)

💡 Solution:

Yes. For example, milk

  1. If a household buys milk to consume directly, it is a final product.
  2. If a sweet-shop owner buys milk to make sweets (like rasgulla or gulab jamun), the milk acts as an intermediate good.

Q12

Explain the concept of value addition with an…


📝 Question:

Explain the concept of value addition with an example. (Page 235)

💡 Solution:

Value addition refers to the extra value added to a product at each stage of its production process.

  • Example: A farmer sells paddy for Rs 1,000 (Value added = Rs 1,000). A mill converts paddy into rice and sells it to a shopkeeper for Rs 1,200 (Value added = Rs 1,200 – Rs 1,000 = Rs 200). The shopkeeper turns rice into puffed rice and sells it for Rs 2,750 (Value added = Rs 2,750 – Rs 1,200 = Rs 1,550). Total value added = Rs 1,000 + Rs 200 + Rs 1,550 = Rs 2,750, which equals the final product price and avoids double counting.

Q13

Explain the concept of Gross Domestic Product GDP…


📝 Question:

Explain the concept of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in your own words. (Page 236)

💡 Solution:

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total money value of all final goods and services produced within the geographical boundaries of a country during a specific financial year across all three economic sectors (Agriculture, Industry, and Services).

Q14

Table 15 Numerical Calculation Calculate the share percentage…


📝 Question:

Table 1.5 Numerical Calculation: Calculate the share percentage of each sector in Chhattisgarh’s GDP for 2014-15. (Page 236)

💡 Solution:

The Service Sector gained the most in percentage share, rising from 34% in 2004-05 to 39.5% in 2014-15.

Section 15.4

Unpaid Work & Time Use Analysis (Pages 237-239)

Q15

Table 16 Activity Make a list of unpaid…


📝 Question:

Table 1.6 Activity: Make a list of unpaid work performed at home/society. (Page 238)

💡 Solution:

  1. Cooking meals for family members and cleaning kitchen utensils.
  2. Looking after elderly, sick, or ailing family members.
  3. Sweeping, mopping, and keeping the house clean.
  4. Helping children complete school homework and studies.
  5. Fetching water, collecting firewood, and looking after domestic cattle.

Q16

Table 17 Pie Chart Analysis Work percentages of…


📝 Question:

. Table 1.7 & Pie Chart Analysis: Work percentages of rural men and women. (Page 238-239)**

💡 Solution:

16. 1.7 :

  • Official Survey Data (CSO 1998-99):
  • Paid Work: Rural Men = 25%, Rural Women = 20%
  • Unpaid Work: Rural Men = 2%, Rural Women = 14%
  • Non-work Activity (Leisure/Rest): Rural Men = 73%, Rural Women = 66%
  • Key Inference / :
  • Rural women spend 7 times more time doing unpaid work (14%) compared to rural men (2%). Because unpaid domestic work is excluded from GDP calculations, the official GDP underestimates true economic production.

Part 2

End-of-Chapter Exercises (Pages 239-240)

2

अध्याय के अंत के अभ्यास प्रश्न (पृष्ठ 239-240)

Exercise 1

Choose the Correct Answer / 1: (Page 239)

i) Education and health related work are included in:

a) agricultural sector

b) industrial sector

c) services sector

d) none of these

ii) In double counting, the total production is ……………….. the actual production:

a) less than

b) more than

c) the same as

d) none of these

iii) Unpaid work is mostly done by:

a) children

b) men

c) women

d) old people

iv) The annual Gross Domestic Product takes into account the value of:

a) all goods and services

b) all final goods and services

c) all intermediate goods and services

d) all intermediate and final goods and services

Exercise 2

Odd One Out & Explanation / 2: (Page 240)

i) Farmer, Basket maker, Fisherman, Goatherd

  • Reason / :
  • English: Farmer, fisherman, and goatherd belong to the Agricultural and Allied (Primary) sector, whereas a basket maker belongs to the Industrial (Secondary) sector (cottage industry).

ii) Cooking, Playing, Cleaning, Looking after the aged

  • Odd One Out / : Playing / .
  • Reason / :
  • English: Cooking, cleaning, and looking after the aged are unpaid household work activities, whereas playing is a non-work leisure activity.

iii) Making paper, Making cars, Making fans, Teaching

  • Odd One Out / : Teaching / .
  • Reason / :
  • English: Making paper, cars, and fans belong to the Industrial (Secondary) sector, whereas teaching belongs to the Service (Tertiary) sector.
Exercise 3 to 11

Short & Long Answer Questions / 3 11: (Page 240)

Q3

What are the allied economic activities in the…


📝 Question:

What are the allied economic activities in the agricultural sector? (Page 240)

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:

Allied activities in the agricultural sector rely directly on natural resources and farm biomass

  1. Animal husbandry, cattle rearing, and dairy farming.
  2. Poultry farming and piggery.
  3. Fisheries and fish culturing in ponds.
  4. Forestry, logging, gathering honey, gums, and tendu leaves from forests.

1.

2.

3.

  1. , , ,

Q4

How does cottage industry help in reducing unemployment…


📝 Question:

How does cottage industry help in reducing unemployment? (Page 240)

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Labor-Intensive: Cottage industries rely on human hands and simple tools rather than expensive heavy machinery, generating more jobs per unit of capital.
  2. Low Capital Requirement: Can be set up in rural homes using family labor and locally available raw materials.
  3. Prevents Migration: Provides seasonal employment to agricultural workers during non-harvest months right in their native villages.
  4. -: ,
  5. :
  6. :

Q5

What are intermediate goods Explain with suitable examples…


📝 Question:

What are intermediate goods? Explain with suitable examples. (Page 240)

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:

Intermediate goods are partially produced items or raw materials that are used as inputs in the production process to create final goods. They are resold or transformed during the manufacturing process.

  • Example: Paddy sold to a rice mill, and rice bought by a shopkeeper to make puffed rice. Here, paddy and rice are intermediate goods, while puffed rice is the final product.

Q6

How is the service sector different from other…


📝 Question:

How is the service sector different from other sectors? Explain. (Page 240)

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. No Physical Goods: Agriculture and industry produce tangible physical goods (like wheat or cement). The service sector produces intangible services (like teaching or banking).
  2. Supportive Role: Services directly facilitate production in primary and secondary sectors through transport, credit, communication, and storage.
  3. Professional Expertise: Involves specialized skills and knowledge provided by doctors, lawyers, engineers, and teachers.
  4. : ,
  5. : , ,
  6. : , ,

Q7

Explain the concept of value addition with suitable…


📝 Question:

Explain the concept of value addition with suitable examples. (Page 240)

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:

Value addition is the net increase in monetary value created at each stage of a production chain.

  • Example:
  1. Farmer produces sugarcane worth Rs 500 (Value added = Rs 500).
  2. Factory processes sugarcane into jaggery worth Rs 800 (Value added = Rs 800 – Rs 500 = Rs 300).
  3. Retailer packages jaggery and sells it to consumers for Rs 1,000 (Value added = Rs 1,000 – Rs 800 = Rs 200).

Total Value Added = Rs 500 + Rs 300 + Rs 200 = Rs 1,000 (Equal to final product value).

  1. ₹500
  2. ₹800
  3. ₹1,000

= ₹500 + ₹300 + ₹200 = ₹1,000

Q8

Explain the importance of unpaid work for the…


📝 Question:

Explain the importance of unpaid work for the family and for society. (Page 240)

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  1. Family Welfare: Cooking, cleaning, child care, and elderly nursing ensure physical health, emotional stability, and well-being of family members.
  2. Saves Expenses: Reduces household monetary expenses that would otherwise be spent hiring domestic help, cooks, or nurses.
  3. Societal Foundation: Creates healthy, educated, and disciplined future citizens, maintaining social cohesion and human capital for the entire economy.
  4. : , ,
  5. :
  6. : , ,

Q9

Women mostly do unpaid work Do you think…


📝 Question:

Women mostly do unpaid work. Do you think this work should be included in GDP calculations? Explain with reasons. (Page 240)

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:

Yes, unpaid household work done by women should be evaluated and included in GDP calculations due to the following reasons

  1. Underestimation of True Economy: Excluding household production makes the official GDP significantly lower than the actual economic production of the country.
  2. Gender Equality & Recognition: Inclusion accords legal, economic, and social recognition to women’s immense contribution to national productivity.
  3. Time-Use Method: Modern statistical surveys evaluate unpaid work by measuring time spent and applying imputed market wages, ensuring accurate economic accounting.
  4. :
  5. : ,
  6. – :

Q10

Make a list of the different kinds of…


📝 Question:

Make a list of the different kinds of work you see adults around you doing. How will you classify these activities? (Page 240)

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Classification:
  1. Farming, Milking Cows, Fishing: Agricultural & Allied (Primary) Sector.
  2. Running a Rice Mill, Weaving Cloth, Brick Kiln Labour: Industrial (Secondary) Sector.
  3. Teaching in School, Driving Auto, Banking, Medical Practice: Service (Tertiary) Sector.
  4. Household Cooking, Sweeping, Childcare at Home: Unpaid Domestic Work.
  5. , , :
  6. , , :
  7. , , , :
  8. , , : –

Q11

Explain the following sentences with suitable examples Page…


📝 Question:

Explain the following sentences with suitable examples: (Page 240) i) Household chores are invisible and unpaid work ii) Household work requires physical labour

💡 Solution:

  • English Step-by-Step Answer:
  • i) Invisible and Unpaid Work: Household work like cooking, washing, and cleaning is taken for granted by family members and society. No monetary payment is given for this work, and it remains absent from official GDP market statistics, making it “invisible.”
  • ii) Requires Physical Labour: Fetching heavy water pots from distant handpumps, collecting and carrying heavy bundles of firewood, scrubbing floors, and standing near hot stoves for hours require intense physical effort and stamina, equivalent to manual factory labor.
  • i) – : , , “”
  • ii) : , ,

All in-text questions, table activities, percentage calculations, multiple-choice questions, odd-one-out exercises, and long analytical questions for *Chapter 15: Understanding Economic Activities have been fully solved step-by-step in bilingual format without using any em-dashes or en-dashes, strictly grounded in textbook facts and figures.

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