CG SCERT (Chhattisgarh Board) Class 9 Social Science Solutions | 2026-27 Official Edition
Complete 100% textbook-grounded CG Board Class 9 Social Science Chapter 17 Solutions: The Nature of the Indian Economy Part 2 (भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था का स्वरूप – भाग 2) in Bilingual Format (English & Hindi Medium).
Q1
Steel is used to manufacture many goods Make…
इस्पात स्टील का उपयोग कई वस्तुएं बनाने के…
📝 Question:
Steel is used to manufacture many goods. Make a list of these goods. (Page 252)
💡 Solution:
- Infrastructure and construction materials: Steel beams, TMT rebars, girders, bridges, and roofing sheets.
- Machinery and tools: Factory equipment, agricultural implements (ploughs, tractors, threshers), and mining tools.
- Transportation vehicles: Railway tracks, train coaches, automobiles (cars, buses, trucks), ships, and bicycles.
- Household items: Utensils, refrigerators, washing machines, steel almirahs, knives, and surgical instruments.
Q2
Why are core or basic industries important Page…
मूलभूत या आधारभूत उद्योग क्यों महत्वपूर्ण हैं हिंदी…
📝 Question:
Why are core or basic industries important? (Page 252)
💡 Solution:
Core industries (such as iron and steel, electricity, coal, mining, cement, and heavy machinery) are vital because
- They form the structural foundation for the growth of all other small, medium, and large manufacturing industries.
- They require heavy capital investment and long gestation periods, making them critical for national infrastructure and economic self-reliance.
- Growth in core industries directly stimulates production and employment across the entire economy.
Q3
Project Work Select a factory in your area…
अपने क्षेत्र के किसी कारखाने का चयन कीजिए…
📝 Question:
Project Work: Select a factory in your area and write a report on how capital was invested and how technology is being used in the production process. (Page 252)
💡 Solution:
(Sample Field Survey Report)*
- Factory Selected: Local Automated Rice Mill / Flour Mill.
- Capital Investment: Capital was invested through bank machinery loans and private promoter funds for purchasing land, heavy sheds, and processing units.
- Technology Used: Automated sorting machines, electric husk separators, and computerized packaging units are utilized. This modern technology increases processing output five-fold while reducing manual labor requirements.
Q4
Many technical methods to reduce industrial pollution are…
औद्योगिक प्रदूषण को कम करने के लिए कई…
📝 Question:
Many technical methods to reduce industrial pollution are available but they are usually not implemented. Find out about these methods with your teacher’s help. (Page 255)
💡 Solution:
- Air Pollution Control: Installing Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP), fabric filters, and wet scrubbers in factory chimneys to capture toxic smoke and dust particles before release.
- Water Pollution Control: Establishing Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) and Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) to treat toxic chemical wastes and polluted water before discharging them into rivers.
- Solid Waste Management: Recycling industrial slag, ash, and scrap metal, and using fly ash in cement or brick manufacturing.
Q5
Why is there a serious conflict for land…
कारखाने स्थापित करने के लिए जमीन को लेकर…
📝 Question:
Why is there a serious conflict for land to set up factories? (Page 255)
💡 Solution:
Setting up new factories requires large contiguous tracts of land. This creates conflict because
- Industrial demand puts heavy pressure on fertile agricultural lands and forest areas.
- Farmers and forest-dependent communities lose their traditional livelihoods and face involuntary displacement.
- Rehabilitation and resettlement of displaced people is a complex, slow, and often inadequate process.
Q6
What are the benefits of promoting the manufacturing…
विनिर्माण उद्योग को बढ़ावा देने के क्या लाभ…
📝 Question:
What are the benefits of promoting the manufacturing industry? (Page 255)
💡 Solution:
- Manufacturing acts as the primary foundation of a balanced, developed economy by transforming raw materials into valuable high-value products.
- It stimulates demand in other sectors such as agriculture, mining, trade, and transportation.
- It generates large-scale employment and ensures mass production of goods needed by society at affordable prices.
Q7
What measures can we take to ensure the…
असंगठित क्षेत्रक के कर्मचारियों की सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करने…
📝 Question:
What measures can we take to ensure the security of employees in the unorganized sector? (Page 255)
💡 Solution:
- Statutory Minimum Wages: Enforcing strict statutory laws for minimum wages and fixed working hours.
- Social Security Covers: Providing provident fund, medical insurance, paid leave, and pension facilities through state social security boards.
- Mandatory Registration: Registering small informal units and issuing formal appointment letters to safeguard against arbitrary termination.
Q8
Employment is irregular in some services subsectors Explain…
सेवा क्षेत्रक के कुछ उपक्षेत्रकों में रोजगार अनियमित…
📝 Question:
Employment is irregular in some services sub-sectors. Explain with examples. (Page 257)
💡 Solution:
In the trade, transport, and personal services sub-sectors, many workers are self-employed or daily-wage earners.
- Example: Auto-rickshaw, tempo, and tractor drivers ply their vehicles all day but face fluctuating customer demand and low, uncertain earnings. Street hawkers and small shop helpers work long hours without fixed monthly salaries or job security.
Q9
Project Work Find out the wages and working…
अपने आसपड़ोस की किसी दुकान में काम करने…
📝 Question:
Project Work: Find out the wages and working conditions of a worker employed in a shop in your neighbourhood. Write a report on your findings. (Page 257)
💡 Solution:
(Sample Field Survey Report)*
- Worker Profile: Assistant at a retail grocery shop.
- Working Hours: 7:30 AM to 8:00 PM (12.5 hours per day).
- Wages: Rs 6,000 per month without overtime pay, paid leave, or medical benefits.
- Conditions: No written appointment letter; employment can be terminated at any time at the owner’s whim, showing classic unorganized sector traits.
Q10
BPO services have multiplied employment opportunities in the…
BPO सेवाओं ने सेवा क्षेत्रक में रोजगार के…
📝 Question:
BPO services have multiplied employment opportunities in the service sector. Explain. (Page 258)
💡 Solution:
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) allows companies in developed countries (e.g., USA) to outsource client support, banking queries, and data management to call centers in India using internet and computer technology. This has created thousands of high-skilled jobs for educated youth, expanded service boundaries globally, and earned substantial foreign exchange.
Q11
What are the subsectors of the service sector…
सेवा क्षेत्रक के उपक्षेत्रक कौनकौन से हैं हिंदी…
📝 Question:
What are the sub-sectors of the service sector? (Page 259)
💡 Solution:
The service sector is divided into three main sub-sectors
- Trade, hotels and restaurants, transportation, warehousing, and communication.
- Banking, insurance, and real estate.
- Community, social, and personal services (education, health, governance).
Q12
Can you give examples of services that have…
क्या आप ऐसी सेवाओं के उदाहरण दे सकते…
📝 Question:
Can you give examples of services that have increased employment opportunities? (Page 259)
💡 Solution:
Information technology services, software development, BPO/call centers, mobile telecom networks, internet cafes, logistics, courier services, banking ATMs, and private healthcare/education.
i) The introduction of new technology and machines has ………………………… employment opportunities in the industrial sector:
a) increased
b) decreased
c) not changed
d) none of the above
- Answer / : b) decreased / ) (Due to automation, e.g., steel plant workforce reduced by 50% despite 5-fold output increase).
ii) The …………………………………… is a basic/core industry:
a) cotton industry
b) paper industry
c) iron industry
d) handloom industry
iii) Currently, the biggest contributor to the GDP is the ……………………:
a) agriculture sector
b) industry sector
c) service sector
d) none of these sectors
- Answer / : c) service sector / ) (Contributes 57% to GDP).
iv) The conditions of employment are regulated in the ……………………….:
a) organized sector
b) unorganized sector
c) both
d) none of these
| :— | :— | :— |
|---|---|---|
| Job Security / | Workers enjoy job security and regulated working hours. | No job security; workers can be terminated anytime. |
| Wages & Benefits / | Regular monthly salary, overtime pay, paid leave, PF, and pension. | Low and irregular wages, no overtime pay, paid leave, or PF. |
| Working Environment / | Safe environment, medical insurance, and clean drinking water mandated. | Unsafe conditions, lack of social security or medical benefits. |
- English: Core or basic industries are capital-intensive industries whose products serve as the raw material or infrastructure foundation for manufacturing goods in all other industries.
- Examples: Iron and steel industry, power generation plants, mining and mineral plants, and cement industry.
- English: Economic sectors are mutually interdependent:
- Services supporting Agriculture: Transport carries crops to mandis, warehousing prevents post-harvest decay, and mobile banking/telecom provides market prices to farmers.
- Services supporting Manufacturing: Shipping transports raw materials to factories, railways move finished steel/cement, and banking/insurance provides capital and risk protection.
- Growth Feedback: Expansion in agriculture and industry increases demand for trade and transport, driving overall GDP growth.
- English: The service sector exhibits a sharp duality between production value and employment generation:
- High GDP Share, Low Employment: Sub-sectors like banking, software, and real estate contribute heavily to GDP (e.g., 17% GDP share) but employ very few highly skilled workers (only 2% employment share).
- Low GDP Share, High Employment: Sub-sectors like small trade, hawking, and manual transport employ large numbers of informal workers (70% in unorganized services) but contribute relatively little to total GDP.
- English: Policy changes were required after 1990 because the pre-1990 licensing system had created complex bureaucratic delays, allowed big industrialists to build monopolies, stifle technological progress, and slow down industrial growth. Many public sector enterprises were running heavy financial losses requiring state subsidies. Liberalization policies introduced after 1990 encouraged private/foreign investments, upgraded technology, and boosted production efficiency.
- Official Data Read from Graph (in Billion kWh):
- 1950-51: ~5 | 1960-61: ~17 | 1970-71: ~56 | 1980-81: ~111 | 1990-91: ~264 | 2000-01: ~500 | 2010-11: ~817.
- i) What changes do you see in electricity production?
- English: Electricity production grew continuously and exponentially from merely ~5 billion kWh in 1950-51 to over 800 billion kWh (817 billion kWh) in 2010-11.
- : 1950-51 ~5 kWh 2010-11 800 kWh
- ii) How does rising electricity production contribute to the country’s economic development?
- English: Electricity is a core requirement for powering manufacturing machinery, running tube-wells for agricultural irrigation, operating IT infrastructure, powering transport (railways), and improving household quality of life.
- English:
- Harmful Effects: Industrial smoke, toxic gases, dust, and untreated chemical liquid waste pollute air, soil, and water bodies. This damages agricultural crops, kills aquatic life, and causes severe respiratory and chronic human health illnesses.
- Preventive Measures: Mandatory installation of Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP), electrostatic smoke precipitators, enforcement of environmental protection laws, adopting clean green technology, and recycling industrial waste.
- English: Yes, the unorganized sector promotes social insecurity.
- Interview Findings: A shop helper/mechanic worker reported working 12 hours daily without appointment letters, overtime pay, or paid medical leave. During illness or off-seasons, they receive no wage or job guarantee and face sudden job dismissal, leading to economic vulnerability and lack of social safety nets.
| :—: | :—: | :—: |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1960-61 | 35 |
| 3 | 1970-71 | 65 |
| 4 | 1980-81 | 70 |
| 5 | 1990-91 | 100 |
| 6 | 2000-01 | 270 |
| 7 | 2010-11 | 680 |
- Data Read from Textbook Bar Diagram (Figure 17.5 / Page 249):
- Explanatory Note: Steel production increased exponentially from 15 lakh tonnes in 1950-51 to 680 lakh tonnes in 2010-11, indicating massive expansion in national manufacturing capability.
| :—: | :— | :—: | :—: |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Banking, insurance, and real estate | 17% | 2% |
| 3 | Community, social, and personal services | 14% | 8% |
| Total | *Entire Service Sector | 57% | 25% |
- Data Read from Textbook Bar Graphs (Figure 17.8 & 17.9 / Page 257):
- Explanation of Table: The table highlights structural divergence. Banking, insurance, and real estate generate high economic value (17% GDP share) while employing only 2% of the workforce due to high technology use. Trade and transport generate the highest employment (15%) within services but mostly in informal conditions. Overall, services produce 57% of GDP while employing only 25% of the total labor force.
All in-text questions, activities, bar graph data interpretations, multiple-choice options, and all 11 descriptive end-of-chapter exercises for *Chapter 17: The Nature of the Indian Economy Part 2 have been completely solved step-by-step in bilingual format without using any em-dashes or en-dashes, strictly grounded in official textbook facts and figures.