CG Board (CGBSE / SCERT Chhattisgarh) Class 10 Science Solutions | 2026-27 New Edition (English & Hindi Medium)
📚 Chapter Overview:
- Board: Chhattisgarh Board of Secondary Education (CGBSE) / CG SCERT Raipur
- Class & Subject: Class 10 Science (विज्ञान) – 2026-27 Edition
- Chapter 6: Electric Current and Circuit (विद्युत धारा एवं परिपथ)
- CGBSE Board Weightage: 5 Marks (9 Academic Periods)
- Medium: Bilingual Solutions (English Medium + हिंदी माध्यम)
Can you make an electrical circuit using only…
क्या आप केवल एक तार एक बल्ब और…
Yes, an electrical circuit can be made using a single wire, a bulb, and a cell/battery. There are two basic arrangements to complete a closed loop circuit
- Connect one terminal of the battery directly to the base terminal of the bulb, attach one end of the single wire to the side terminal of the bulb, and touch the other end of the wire to the second terminal of the battery.
- Invert the battery connections, connecting the other battery terminal to the bulb base and completing the loop with the wire to the remaining battery terminal.
Activity1 Questions Testing Conductors and Nonconductors
गतिविधि1 के प्रश्न चालकों और कुचालकों का परीक्षण…
(i) Case 1:** Connect the bulb, iron nail and cell together in a circuit. Does the bulb light up?
(ii) Case 2: Now replace the iron nail with a wooden pencil in the circuit. Does the bulb light up? If not, why?
(iii) Case 3: In the circuit, leave a gap between the connecting wires. What happens to the bulb, does it light up?
(iv) Categorization: Group the materials used in the above experiment into two categories: conductors and non-conductors.
(i) 1: , ?
(iii) 3: ?
- (i) Case 1: Yes, the bulb lights up because the iron nail is a good conductor of electricity, completing the closed circuit.
- (ii) Case 2: No, the bulb does not light up because wood is a non-conductor (insulator) of electricity, which blocks the flow of electric current.
- (iii) Case 3: No, the bulb does not light up because an open air gap breaks the electric circuit, preventing charge flow.
- (iv) Categorization:
- (i) 1: , ,
- (ii) 2: , ,
- (iii) 3: , ,
- (iv) :
Section 61 Questions
अनुभाग 61 प्रश्न ii विद्युत धारा के मापन…
(i) If a 0.4 A electric current flows in a circuit for 10 minutes, then calculate the total charge flowing in the circuit.**
(ii) Write the definition for the unit of measurement of electric current.
(i) 0.4 A 10 ,
- (i) Step-by-Step Calculation:
- Given:
- Electric current (I) = 0.4 A
- Time (t) = 10 minutes = 10 × 60 s = 600 seconds
- Formula:
Q = I × t
- Calculation:
Q = 0.4 A × 600 s = 240 Coulombs (C)
- Result: The total charge flowing in the circuit is 240 C.
- (ii) Definition of Unit of Electric Current (Ampere):
- The SI unit of electric current is Ampere (A). One Ampere is defined as the flow of one Coulomb of electric charge per second through any cross-section of a conductor
1 Ampere = (1 Coulomb)/(1 Second) (1 A = 1 C/s)
- (i) :
- (ii) :
Section 62 Questions
अनुभाग 62 प्रश्न ii विद्युत आघात करंट लगे…
(i) Can you tell whether a current is flowing in an electric wire by observing it? If not, how will you test the flow of current?**
(ii) Why should we use items made of wood or rubber to detach a live wire from an electrocuted person?
(i) ? , ?
- (i) No, electric current cannot be seen by looking at a wire because current is a flow of invisible charge carriers (electrons). To test the flow of current, we use measuring devices like an ammeter or tester, or observe the secondary effects of current (such as a glowing bulb or magnetic needle deflection).
- (ii) Wood and rubber are poor conductors (insulators) of electricity. Using a dry wooden stick or rubber gloves prevents electric charge from passing through the rescuer’s body to the ground, keeping the rescuer safe from electric shock.
- (i) , , ,
- (ii) ,
Activity2 Graph2 Questions Ohms Law Analysis
गतिविधि2 और ग्राफ2 के प्रश्न ओम के नियम…
(i) What are the values of V/I for each pair of potential difference V and current I? Draw a graph between V and I.**
(ii) Graph-2 Task: The values of potential difference and current in three resistors P, Q and R are shown in Graph-2. Find out the resistances of the resistors and establish the ratio between them, i.e., P:Q:R.
(i) V I V/I ? V I
- (i) According to Ohm’s law, the ratio V/I remains constant for a conductor at a constant temperature. A plot of V against I produces a straight line passing through the origin, proving V ∝ I.
- (ii) Resistance Calculation from Graph-2:
- Resistance R = (Potential Difference V)/(Current I)
- For Resistor P: At V = 1 V, I = 20 mA = 0.02 A ⇒ R_P = (1)/(0.02) = 50 Ω (or reading coordinates directly from graph values: R_P = (3 V)/(60 A) = 0.05 Ω).
- Taking direct graph slope values (V/I)
- R_P = (3 V)/(60 A) = 0.05 Ω
- R_Q = (3 V)/(30 A) = 0.10 Ω
- R_R = (6 V)/(30 A) = 0.20 Ω
- Ratio P:Q:R:
P : Q : R = 0.05 : 0.10 : 0.20 = 1 : 2 : 4
- (i) , V/I V I , V ∝ I
- (ii) -2 :
Activity3 Questions Factors Affecting Resistance
गतिविधि3 के प्रश्न प्रतिरोध को प्रभावित करने वाले…
(i) Part 1 (Length): Did you find that resistance R and length l are proportional?**
(ii) Part 2 (Cross-sectional Area): Would the resistance of a thicker wire be larger or smaller than a thinner wire? What did you observe?
(i) 1: R l ?
- (i) Yes, experimental observations show that the resistance R of a wire is directly proportional to its length l (R ∝ l). As length increases, resistance increases linearly.
- (ii) The resistance of a thicker wire is smaller than that of a thinner wire. Resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area A (R ∝ 1/A). A thicker wire offers a larger cross-sectional area, allowing electrons to flow with less opposition.
- (i) , R l (R ∝ l)
- (ii) ** A (R ∝ 1/A) ,
Section 65 Discussion Questions
अनुभाग 65 चर्चा के प्रश्न ii यदि हमारे…
(i) The old style string of festival lights consisted of all bulbs joined in series. If even a single bulb fused, the whole string would stop working. Why?**
(ii) If all appliances in our home are connected in series, what would happen?
(i) , ?
- (i) In a series combination, there is only a single path for electric current. If one bulb fuses, the circuit is broken at that point, stopping current flow through all other bulbs in the string.
- (ii) If household appliances are connected in series
- Turning off or damage to one appliance would shut down all appliances in the house.
- The potential difference (220 V) would get divided among all appliances, so none would get their rated operating voltage.
- Individual control switches for separate appliances would be impossible.
- (i) ,
- (ii)
Section 65 Box Questions
अनुभाग 65 बॉक्स प्रश्न ii श्रेणीक्रम में जुड़े…
(i) If two wires made of the same material, one thick and the other thin, are connected to an equivalent source of current, then in which wire would the current flow more freely and why?**
(ii) The value of two resistors in a series is in the ratio of 1:4, and a 10 ampere current flows in the circuit. If these two resistors are combined in a parallel circuit, then calculate the ratio of the current flowing through the resistors.
(i) , , , ?
- (i) Current flows more freely in the thicker wire because a thicker wire has a larger cross-sectional area (A). Since R ∝ 1/A, the thicker wire offers lower resistance to the flow of electrons.
- (ii) Step-by-Step Calculation:
- Given: Ratio of resistances R1 : R2 = 1 : 4 ⇒ R2 = 4 R1.
- In a parallel circuit, potential difference V across both resistors is identical.
- Current through R1: I1 = V/R1
- Current through R2: I2 = V/R2 = (V)/(4 R1)
- Ratio of currents I1 : I2
I1/I2 = (V/R1)/(V/(4R1)) = 4/1
- Result: The ratio of currents flowing through the resistors in parallel is 4 : 1.
- (i) (A) R ∝ 1/A,
- (ii) :
Choose the correct option
Choose the correct option
(i) Which one of the options given below is a good conductor of electricity:**
- (a) Wood piece
- (b) Sheet of paper
- (c) Copper wire
- (d) Glass rod
(c) Copper wire
Explanation: Copper is a metal containing free electrons, making it an excellent conductor of electricity. Wood, paper, and glass are insulators.
(ii) The instrument used to measure current in a circuit is:
- (a) Voltmeter
- (b) Ammeter
- (c) Odometer
- (d) None of these
Answer: (b) Ammeter
Explanation: An ammeter has very low resistance and is connected in series in a circuit to measure electric current.
(iii) The relation between V and I for a conducting wire is:
- (a) A variable ratio
- (b) A fixed ratio
- (c) Sometimes variable sometime fixed
- (d) None of these
Answer: (b) A fixed ratio
Explanation: According to Ohm’s law (V = IR), the ratio V/I = R remains constant (fixed ratio) for a conductor at constant temperature.
(iv) The resistance of an electrical instrument is 2.2 Ω and potential difference is 220 V. Find out the value of current on connecting the instrument to an electric source:
- (a) 5 A
- (b) 20 A
- (c) 25 A
- (d) 100 A
Answer: (d) 100 A
Explanation: Using Ohm’s law formula I = V/R = (220 V)/(2.2 Ω) = 100 A.
(v) The equivalent resistance of the given circuit diagram (5 Ω connected in series with a parallel pair of two 5 Ω resistors, or as per diagram 10 Ω + 10 Ω):
- (a) 25 Ω
- (b) 20 Ω
- (c) 10 Ω
- (d) 35 Ω
Answer: (b) 20 Ω
Explanation: For two 10 Ω resistors connected in series, equivalent resistance R = R1 + R2 = 10 Ω + 10 Ω = 20 Ω.
Fill in the blanks
Fill in the blanks
(i) The potential difference of resistors connected in a series would be …………………….**
(ii) In resistors connected in a parallel combination, the current flowing across each resistor would be …………………………….
(iii) We show the consumption of electricity in kWh or in …………………………..
(iv) The filament used in electric bulbs is made of ……………………. metal.
(v) The ………………………. of a conductor increases with temperature.
- (i) Different (Divided across resistors)
- (ii) Different
- (iii) Units (Board of Trade Units)
- (iv) Tungsten
- (v) Resistivity / Resistance
Find out the equivalent resistance of the circuit…
पास में दिए गए परिपथ चित्र का तुल्य…
8.33 Ω
What is a fuse and of what material…
फ्यूज क्या है और यह किस पदार्थ से…
Definition:** A fuse is a safety device used in electrical circuits to protect appliances from damage due to excessive current flow, short circuits, or overloading.
- Working Material: It consists of a thin wire made of a metal or alloy having a low melting point and high resistance, such as an alloy of lead and tin (or aluminium/copper). When current exceeds the safe limit, the fuse wire heats up, melts, and breaks the circuit.
Explain Ohms law in your own words and…
ओम के नियम को अपने शब्दों में समझाइए…
Ohm’s Law:** At a constant temperature and physical state of a conductor, the electric current (I) flowing through the conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (V) applied across its ends
V ∝ I ⇒ V = R · I or R = V/I
where R is a constant called the resistance of the conductor.
- Graph Verification: If we plot potential difference V on the Y-axis and current I on the X-axis, we obtain a straight line passing through the origin. The constant slope of this line represents the resistance R.
If an electric bulb consumes 2400 J energy…
यदि एक विद्युत बल्ब एक मिनट में 2400…
Given:**
- Electrical Energy (W) = 2400 J
- Time (t) = 1 minute = 60 seconds
- Formula:
Electric Power (P) = (Work done / Energy (W))/(Time (t))
- Calculation:
P = (2400 J)/(60 s) = 40 Watts (W)
- Result: The power of the bulb is 40 W.
An electric heater has 3 kW 220 V…
एक विद्युत हीटर पर 3 kW 220 V…
Given:**
- Power (P) = 3 kW = 3000 W
- Voltage (V) = 220 V
- (a) Electric Current (I):
P = V × I ⇒ I = P/V = (3000)/(220) = 13.63 A
- (b) Resistance of Heater (R):
R = V/I = (220)/(13.636) = 16.13 Ω (or R = V2/P = (220 × 220)/(3000) = 16.13 Ω)
- (c) Electricity Cost for 10 hours:
- Energy consumed = P × t = 3 kW × 10 h = 30 kWh (units)
- Cost = 30 units × Rs. 1.50/unit = Rs. 45
Answer the following questions
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए ii बल्बों के…
(i) Why are domestic circuits not arranged in a series combination?**
(ii) Why is only tungsten metal used to make filaments of bulbs?
(i) ?
- (i) Domestic circuits are not connected in series because
- In series, if one appliance stops working or fails, the whole circuit breaks and all other appliances turn off.
- The supply voltage (220 V) divides among appliances, providing insufficient voltage to each device.
- (ii) Tungsten is exclusively used for bulb filaments because
- It has an extremely high melting point ( ≈ 3380°C).
- It has high resistivity and does not oxidize (burn) easily at high glowing temperatures.
- (i)
- (ii)
If a current of 05 A flows for…
यदि किसी बल्ब के फिलामेंट में 05 A…
Given:**
- Current (I) = 0.5 A
- Time (t) = 20 minutes = 20 × 60 s = 1200 seconds
- Formula & Calculation:
Q = I × t = 0.5 A × 1200 s = 600 Coulombs (C)
- Result: The quantity of charge is 600 C.
In a house 4 electric bulbs of 40…
एक घर में 40 वाट के 4 बल्ब…
Daily Energy Consumption:**
- 4 bulbs of 40 W for 5 h = 4 × 40 × 5 = 800 Wh
- 2 bulbs of 60 W for 6 h = 2 × 60 × 6 = 720 Wh
- 3 fans of 80 W for 6 h = 3 × 80 × 6 = 1440 Wh
- Total Daily Energy = 800 + 720 + 1440 = 2960 Wh = 2.96 kWh
- Monthly Energy (30 days):
Total Units = 2.96 kWh × 30 = 88.8 units (kWh)
- Electricity Cost:
Cost = 88.8 units × Rs. 0.50 = Rs. 44.40
Discuss the following questions
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों पर चर्चा कीजिए ii यदि समांतर…
(i) What would be the effect on the circuit if one bulb out of three bulbs arranged in a series combination becomes fused?**
(ii) What would be the effect if one bulb out of three arranged in parallel combination malfunctions?
(i) ?
- (i) Series Circuit: The entire circuit breaks because current has only one path. Consequently, the remaining two bulbs will also stop glowing.
- (ii) Parallel Circuit: Current flows through separate independent branches. The remaining two bulbs will continue to glow normally without any change in potential difference or performance.
- (i) :
- (ii) :
Find out the equivalent resistance between A B…
नीचे दिए गए परिपथ चित्र में A और…
Parallel part (4 Ω and 8 Ω):**
1/Rp = 1/4 + 1/8 = 2+1/8 = 3/8 ⇒ Rp = 8/3 = 2.66 Ω
- Series total (2 Ω + 4 Ω + Rp):
Req = 2 + 4 + 2.66 = 8.66 Ω
- Result: Equivalent resistance = 8.66 Ω.
If the potential difference generated by a battery…
यदि श्रेणीक्रम में जुड़े दो बल्बों के परिपथ…
In a series circuit, total voltage V = V1 + V2.
- V2 = V – V1 = 6 V – 2 V = 4 Volts.
If two conducting wires of the same length…
यदि समान लंबाई और समान अनुप्रस्थ काट के…
Let resistance of each wire be R.
- Series resistance Rs = R + R = 2R.
- Parallel resistance Rp = (R · R)/(R + R) = R/2.
- Heat generated at constant voltage V in time t: H = V2/R t.
- Hs = V2/2R t
- Hp = V2/R/2 t = (2 V2)/(R) t
- Ratio of heat generated (Hs : Hp)
Hs/Hp = (V2 / 2R)/(2 V2 / R) = 1/4
- Result: The ratio of heat generated is 1 : 4 (or 4 : 1 if parallel to series).
A 9 V battery is arranged in series…
एक 9 V की बैटरी को 2 3…
Total series resistance Rs = 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 12 = 26 Ω.
- Total circuit current I = V/Rs = (9 V)/(26 Ω) = 0.346 A.
- In a series circuit, current through all resistors is equal. Hence, current across 2 Ω resistor is 0.346 A (or ≈ 0.35 A).
List the various appliances working on the thermal…
हमारे घरों में उपयोग किए जाने वाले उन…
- Electric Heater / Room Heater: Converts electrical energy into heat using high resistance Nichrome wire coil.
- Electric Iron: Uses a Nichrome heating element enclosed inside heavy metal plates to produce heat for ironing clothes.
- Electric Fuse: Safety wire with low melting point that melts during overload to break the circuit.
- Electric Water Geyser / Electric Kettle: High-power heating element heats water directly.
On a bulb 200 V 100 W is…
एक बल्ब पर 200 V 100 W अंकित…
Resistance (R):**
R = V2/P = (200 × 200)/(100) = 400 Ω
- Energy Consumed:
Energy = 5 bulbs × 100 W × 4 h = 2000 Wh = 2 kWh (units)
- Cost:
Cost = 2 units × Rs. 0.50 = Rs. 1.00
How would you combine 3 resistances of 2…
आप 2 3 और 5 के 3 प्रतिरोधों…
Combination:** Connect the 3 Ω and 5 Ω resistors in parallel with each other, and connect this parallel combination in series with the 2 Ω resistor? Wait, let’s verify exact calculation
- If 3 Ω and 5 Ω in parallel: Rp = (3 × 5)/(3 + 5) = 15/8 = 1.875 Ω.
- Wait! If 3 Ω and 5 Ω in series (8 Ω), connected in parallel with 2 Ω
Req = (8 × 2)/(8 + 2) = 16/10 = 1.6 Ω
- Wait, if 2 Ω and 3 Ω in series (5 Ω), connected in parallel with 5 Ω
Req = (5 × 5)/(5 + 5) = 25/10 = 2.5 Ω
- Correct Connection: Connect the 2 Ω and 3 Ω resistors in series (giving 5 Ω), and connect this series branch in parallel with the 5 Ω resistor.
- Verification: Rs = 2 + 3 = 5 Ω. Equivalent parallel resistance Req = (5 × 5)/(5 + 5) = 2.5 Ω.