CG Board (CGBSE / SCERT Chhattisgarh) Class 10 Science Solutions | 2026-27 New Edition (English & Hindi Medium)
📚 Chapter Overview:
- Board: Chhattisgarh Board of Secondary Education (CGBSE) / CG SCERT Raipur
- Class & Subject: Class 10 Science (विज्ञान) – 2026-27 Edition
- Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current (विद्युत के चुम्बकीय प्रभाव)
- CGBSE Board Weightage: 4 Marks (10 Academic Periods)
- Medium: Bilingual Solutions (English Medium + हिंदी माध्यम)
Chapter Opening Introductory Question Page 194 List the…
अध्याय के प्रारंभ का परिचयात्मक प्रश्न पृष्ठ 194…
- Attractive Property: A magnet attracts magnetic substances like iron, steel, nickel, and cobalt.
- Directive Property: When suspended freely, a magnet always comes to rest pointing in the geographic North-South direction.
- Poles Exist in Pairs: A magnet always has two poles: North Pole (N) and South Pole (S). Monopoles do not exist; if a magnet is broken, each piece becomes a complete magnet with two poles.
- Like Poles Repel, Unlike Poles Attract: Similar poles (N-N or S-S) repel each other, whereas opposite poles (N-S) attract each other.
Section 121 Box Questions Page 197
अनुभाग 121 बॉक्स प्रश्न पृष्ठ 197 ii चुंबकीय…
(i) What are magnetic lines of force?**
(ii) Write the properties of magnetic lines of force.
(i) ?
- (i) Magnetic Lines of Force: Magnetic lines of force are imaginary continuous closed curves drawn in a magnetic field such that a tangent drawn at any point on the curve gives the direction of the magnetic field at that point.
- (ii) Properties of Magnetic Lines of Force:
- Outside the magnet, they originate from the North Pole and enter the South Pole. Inside the magnet, they travel from the South Pole to the North Pole, forming continuous closed loops.
- Two magnetic lines of force never intersect each other at any point.
- They are crowded/concentrated near the poles where the magnetic field is strongest, and spaced further apart where the field is weaker.
- The tangent drawn at any point on a magnetic line of force indicates the direction of the magnetic field at that point.
- (i) : ,
- (ii) :
Section 124 Box Questions Right Hand Rule Page…
अनुभाग 124 बॉक्स प्रश्न दाएँ हाथ का नियम…
(i) Draw the magnetic lines of force produced by a linear conductor carrying electric current.**
(ii) If in a conducting wire, current is flowing from east to west, what would be the direction of the lines of force at a point vertically below the wire and at a point above that wire?
(i)
- (i) The magnetic lines of force around a straight linear current-carrying conductor are concentric circles centered on the wire, lying in a plane perpendicular to the wire.
- (ii) Direction of Magnetic Lines of Force (East to West Current):
Applying Right-Hand Thumb Rule (thumb pointing West)
- At a point vertically below the wire, the magnetic field lines point towards the North.
- At a point vertically above the wire, the magnetic field lines point towards the South.
- (i) (Concentric circles)
- (ii) :
Section 126 Box Questions Solenoid Circular Loop Page…
अनुभाग 126 बॉक्स प्रश्न परिनालिका एवं वृत्ताकार लूप…
(i) Imagine a circular loop of wire placed on a table. If a clockwise current is flowing in the loop, find the direction of the magnetic lines of force inside the loop and outside the loop.**
(ii) Draw an example of magnetic field where the lines of force are uniform.
(i) (Clockwise) ,
- (i) According to the Right-Hand Rule and Clock Face Rule
- Inside the loop: The magnetic lines of force are directed perpendicularly downwards into the table.
- Outside the loop: The magnetic lines of force emerge perpendicularly upwards out of the table.
- (ii) Uniform Magnetic Field Example: The magnetic field inside a long current-carrying solenoid consists of parallel, equally-spaced straight line forces, representing a uniform magnetic field.
- (i) (Clock rule)
- (ii) : (Solenoid) – ,
Section 128 Box Questions Activity5 Variations Page 203…
अनुभाग 128 बॉक्स प्रश्न गतिविधि5 में परिवर्तन पृष्ठ…
The magnetic force acting on a current-carrying conductor is given by F = B · I · L · sin θ.
- (a) Current increased (I ↑): The force increases, so the displacement/displacement speed of the aluminium rod increases (moves with greater force).
- (b) Stronger magnet used (B ↑): The magnetic field strength increases, so the force increases and the rod is displaced more strongly.
- (c) Rod length reduced (L ↓): The force acting on the rod decreases, so the displacement of the rod decreases.
Section 1212 Box Questions Electric Generator Page 207
अनुभाग 1212 बॉक्स प्रश्न विद्युत जनित्र पृष्ठ 207…
(i) What is an electric generator?**
(ii) Write the principle on which an electric generator works.
(iii) What is a circular dual changer (commutator / split-rings)?
(i) ?
(iii) ?
- (i) Electric Generator: An electric generator (dynamo) is a mechanical device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- (ii) Principle: It works on the principle of Electromagnetic Induction. When a closed coil is rotated in a strong magnetic field, the magnetic flux linked with it changes continuously, inducing an electric current in the coil.
- (iii) Circular Dual Changer (Split Rings / Commutator): A circular dual changer consists of split metallic half-rings (R1, R2) connected to the rotating armature. It reverses the direction of current in the armature coil after every half-rotation, maintaining a unidirectional (Direct Current, DC) output in the external circuit.
- (i) :
- (ii) : (Electromagnetic induction) ,
- (iii) (Split-rings): – (R1, R2) , (DC)
Choose the correct option
Choose the correct option
(i) The magnetic lines of force determine:**
- (a) shape of the magnetic field
- (b) direction of the field
- (c) intensity of the magnetic field
- (d) intensity and direction of magnetic field
(b) direction of the field; in physical terms, lines of force convey both field intensity and direction, but as per CGBSE textbook Key: (b)).*
Explanation: The tangent drawn to a magnetic line of force at any point gives the direction of the magnetic field at that point.
(ii) A straight current carrying conductor has a magnetic field:
- (a) lines of force parallel to the conductor
- (b) lines of force perpendicular to the conductor
- (c) lines of force in concentric circles around the conductor
- (d) lines of force starting radially from the wire end
Answer: (c) lines of force in concentric circles around the conductor
Explanation: Concentric circular field lines form in planes perpendicular to a straight current-carrying wire.
(iii) A solenoid has a magnetic field inside it, which is:
- (a) different at each point
- (b) same at each point
- (c) zero
- (d) None of the above
Answer: (b) same at each point
Explanation: Inside a long current-carrying solenoid, magnetic field lines are parallel straight lines, showing that the magnetic field is uniform (same) at all internal points.
(iv) Electromagnetic induction is a phenomenon to:
- (a) charge any matter
- (b) rotate a coil
- (c) produce magnetic field in a coil
- (d) to produce induced current when either coil or magnet moves
Answer: (d) to produce induced current when either coil or magnet moves
Explanation: Electromagnetic induction is the process of generating an induced current in a circuit due to relative motion between a magnet and a coil.
(v) We can generate electric current using:
- (a) Generator
- (b) Motor
- (c) Galvanometer
- (d) Ammeter
Answer: (a) Generator
Explanation: An electric generator (dynamo) converts mechanical energy into electrical current.
Fill in the blanks
Fill in the blanks
(i) That device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is ……………………**
(ii) ……………………… converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
(iii) Fleming’s left hand rule indicates the direction of ………………………
(iv) Fleming’s right hand rule indicates the direction of ……………………… acting on the conductor.
(v) Maxwell’s right hand / corkscrew rule indicates the direction of ………………………
- (i) Electric Generator (Generator / Dynamo)
- (ii) Electric Motor
- (iii) Force on current carrying conductor / Motion of conductor (Note: CGBSE textbook key lists “Induced current” for item iii and “Moving force” for item iv due to inverted numbering alignment in official table key; physically, Left Hand Rule gives Force/Motion and Right Hand Rule gives Induced Current)
- (iv) Induced current / Moving force
- (v) Magnetic lines of force / Magnetic field
Which scientist gave the principle of electromagnetic induction
किस वैज्ञानिक ने विद्युत चुंबकीय प्रेरण का सिद्धांत…
Michael Faraday** discovered and gave the principle of electromagnetic induction in 1831.
A magnetic field is created around a conductor…
किसी चालक में धारा प्रवाहित होने पर उसके…
Danish scientist Hans Christian Oersted (H.C. Orsted) first observed and confirmed the magnetic effect of electric current in 1810 / 1820.
List three appliances that use electric motor
विद्युत मोटर का उपयोग करने वाले तीन उपकरणों…
- Electric Fans
- Washing Machines
- Water Pumping Sets
(Other examples: Refrigerators, Mixer-Grinders, Electric Drills).
Write the right hand rule of Fleming
फ्लेमिंग के दाएँ हाथ का नियम लिखिए।
Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule:** Stretch the thumb, forefinger (first finger), and middle finger of your right hand mutually perpendicular to each other
- Forefinger: Points in the direction of the Magnetic Field.
- Thumb: Points in the direction of Motion of the conductor.
- Middle Finger: Points in the direction of the Induced Electric Current.
List the three ways in which a magnetic…
चुंबकीय क्षेत्र उत्पन्न करने के तीन तरीके लिखिए।
- By a Permanent Bar Magnet: Using permanent natural or artificial bar magnets.
- By a Straight / Circular Current-Carrying Conductor: Flowing electric current through a copper wire loop or straight conductor.
- By a Solenoid / Electromagnet: Passing electric current through a coil wound around a soft iron core (Solenoid/Electromagnet).
How does a solenoid act as a magnet…
परिनालिका चुंबक की भाँति कैसे व्यवहार करती है…
Action as Magnet:** A solenoid is a cylindrical coil of tight insulated copper turns. When electric current flows through it, magnetic field lines emerge from one end and enter the other end, running parallel inside, exactly like the magnetic field of a bar magnet. Thus, one end acts as the North Pole and the other as the South Pole.
- Determining Poles using Bar Magnet:
- Suspend the current-carrying solenoid or bring a known bar magnet near its ends.
- Bring the North Pole of a bar magnet near one end of the solenoid
- If it is repelled, that end of the solenoid is the North Pole.
- If it is attracted, that end of the solenoid is the South Pole.
Write the three chief properties of a magnet
चुंबक के तीन प्रमुख गुण लिखिए।
- Attractive Property: Attracts magnetic substances like iron, steel, and nickel.
- Directive Property: Freely suspended magnet always aligns itself along the geographic North-South direction.
- Pairing of Poles: Magnetic poles always exist in pairs (N and S); isolated monopoles cannot exist.
What are magnetic lines of force Write the…
चुंबकीय बल रेखाएँ क्या हैं बल रेखाओं के…
Definition:** Imaginary continuous lines drawn in a magnetic field along which an isolated unit North Pole would move.
- Three Main Properties:
- Continuous closed loops from N to S outside the magnet and S to N inside.
- Two lines of force never cross/intersect each other.
- Concentrated near poles (strong field) and dispersed away from poles (weak field).
Why do two magnetic lines of force not…
दो चुंबकीय बल रेखाएँ एकदूसरे को क्यों नहीं…
If two magnetic lines of force were to intersect at a point, two tangents could be drawn at that single point of intersection. This would mean that a compass needle placed at that point would point in two different directions simultaneously, which is physically impossible.
Describe the electric motor under the following headings…
निम्नलिखित शीर्षकों के अंतर्गत विद्युत मोटर का वर्णन…
(a) Labelled Diagram Description:**
- Rectangular copper coil ABCD (armature) placed between curved N-S poles of a magnet.
- Commutator split-rings X, Y connected to ends of coil.
- Stationary carbon brushes P, Q touching split rings and connected to battery and key.
- (b) Working Principle:
When electric current passes through a rectangular coil placed perpendicular to a magnetic field, equal and opposite forces act on its parallel arms (AB and CD), forming a torque that rotates the coil continuously.
- (c) Working Process:
- When current enters arm AB from A → B and leaves CD from C → D, applying Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule causes a downward force on AB and an upward force on CD, rotating the coil anti-clockwise.
- After half a rotation, split-rings X and Y swap contact brushes (P and Q), reversing the current direction in arms (DC → BA).
- The force directions swap accordingly, allowing the coil to keep rotating continuously in the same anti-clockwise direction.
Describe the electric generator under the following headings…
निम्नलिखित शीर्षकों के अंतर्गत विद्युत जनित्र का वर्णन…
(a) Labelled Diagram Description:**
- Armature coil ABCD wound over soft iron core between strong magnetic poles N-S.
- Slip rings / Split rings R1, R2 mounted on rotating axis.
- Carbon brushes B1, B2 linked to load / galvanometer G.
- (b) Working Principle:
Based on Electromagnetic Induction. Rotating the armature coil in a magnetic field changes the magnetic flux passing through it, inducing an electric current according to Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule.
- (c) Working Process:
- As axle rotates arm AB upwards and CD downwards in the magnetic field (N → S), induced current flows in direction A → B → C → D.
- Current flows in external circuit from Brush B1 → B2.
- After half rotation, CD moves upwards and AB downwards. Induced current direction in coil reverses to D → C → B → A.
- In an AC generator (using full slip rings), external current reverses direction every half-cycle (Alternating Current). In a DC generator (using split rings), commutator maintains current direction from B1 → B2 continuously (Direct Current).
Two circular coils A and B are kept…
दो वृत्ताकार कुंडलियाँ A और B एकदूसरे के…
Yes, a current will be induced in coil B.**
- Reason: When the electric current in coil A is varied (switched on/off or changed using a rheostat), the magnetic field produced around coil A changes.
- Since coil B is placed in close proximity, the magnetic flux lines linked with coil B also change continuously.
- According to the principle of Electromagnetic Induction, this changing magnetic flux induces an electric current in coil B.
Connect an insulated copper coil to a galvanometer…
एक विद्युतरोधी तांबे की कुंडली को धारामापी गैल्वेनोमीटर…
(a) Moved inside: The galvanometer needle shows a momentary deflection in one direction**, indicating the generation of an induced current.
- (b) Kept stationary: The galvanometer needle shows zero deflection (no current), because there is no relative motion and no change in magnetic flux.
- (c) Moved outwards: The galvanometer needle shows a momentary deflection in the opposite direction, indicating that current is induced in the reverse direction.
Write the rule which represents the direction of…
सीधे चालक द्वारा उत्पन्न चुंबकीय बल रेखाओं की…
The direction of magnetic field lines produced by a straight conductor is given by Right-Hand Thumb Rule (or Maxwell’s Corkscrew Rule)
- Right-Hand Thumb Rule: Imagine holding the current-carrying straight conductor in your right hand such that the thumb points in the direction of electric current. Then, the fingers wrapped around the conductor point in the direction of the magnetic field lines.
Make an electromagnet Procedure Task
विद्युत चुंबक बनाइए प्रयोगात्मक कार्य।
Materials required:** A long soft iron nail/core, insulated copper wire, battery, key, paper clips/pins.
- Procedure:
- Wind the insulated copper wire tightly around the soft iron nail in several circular turns.
- Connect the two free ends of the copper wire to a battery through a switch/key.
- Close the switch to pass current. Bring paper clips near the nail; they get attracted to the nail, showing it has become an Electromagnet.
- Open the switch; the clips fall off immediately as magnetism disappears.