CG Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 9 Solutions: Between the Two World Wars – Nazism in Germany and World War-II (दो विश्व युद्धों के बीच – जर्मनी में नाजीवाद और द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध) (2026-27)

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CG Board (CGBSE / SCERT Chhattisgarh) Class 10 Social Science Solutions | 2026-27 Edition

📚 Chapter Overview:

  • Board: Chhattisgarh Board of Secondary Education (CGBSE) / CG SCERT Raipur
  • Subject & Section: Class 10 Social Science – History (इतिहास) (2026-27 Edition)
  • Chapter 9: Between the Two World Wars – Nazism in Germany and World War-II (दो विश्व युद्धों के बीच – जर्मनी में नाजीवाद और द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध)
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PART 1

IN-TEXT & SECTIONAL QUESTIONS

SECTION 9.1

AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR

Q1

Do you think the Indian political system is…


📝 Question:

Do you think the Indian political system is a liberal democracy? Clarify with reasons

💡 Solution:

Yes, the Indian political system is a liberal democracy. It has an elected, constitutional government answerable to the people through regular elections. It guarantees citizens’ fundamental rights and freedoms, is governed by the rule of law, and formulates policies through public debate and consensus. However, like other liberal democracies, it faces challenges such as political corruption and the undue influence of wealth in elections.

Q2

How does corruption weaken a liberal political system


📝 Question:

How does corruption weaken a liberal political system?

💡 Solution:

Corruption weakens a liberal political system because wealthy and powerful classes dominate economic and political life through corrupt practices. This leaves elected representatives powerless to represent the true interests, rights, and welfare of the common people, thereby eroding democratic principles and public trust in constitutional institutions.

SECTION 9.2

THE CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT AND FASCISM

Q3

Which classes of people among the following do…


📝 Question:

Which classes of people among the following do you think supported fascism – medium and small peasants, the organised working class, shopkeepers, unemployed youth?

💡 Solution:

Fascism was supported primarily by the lower middle class, which included medium and small peasants, shopkeepers, small traders, government employees, and unemployed youth. This class suffered economic distress due to capitalist policies during the recession and feared losing their small private property to socialist or communist labor movements. In contrast, the organized working class generally supported socialism and communism rather than fascism.

Q4

What was the attitude of fascists towards the…


📝 Question:

What was the attitude of fascists towards the organised labour movement?

💡 Solution:

Fascists held a deeply hostile and violent attitude towards the organized labour movement because it promoted class conflict and opposed private property ownership. In Italy and Germany, fascists used brutal violence, mob aggression, and state security forces to destroy workers’ organizations, ban trade unions, and physically eliminate or arrest labour leaders.

Q5

What difference do you see between nationalism and…


📝 Question:

What difference do you see between nationalism and ultra-nationalism?

💡 Solution:

Nationalism is a healthy feeling of love, pride, and devotion towards one’s nation while respecting the sovereignty, culture, and rights of other nations and domestic minority communities. In contrast, ultra-nationalism is an aggressive ideology asserting that one’s own nation or majority community is supreme above all others. It spreads hatred against foreign countries and minority groups, glorifies militarism and violence, and creates war hysteria to conquer other territories.

Q6

How did fascists propagate a unified viewpoint within…


📝 Question:

How did fascists propagate a unified viewpoint within the country – through dialogue and making space for everyone’s needs or by other means?

💡 Solution:

Fascists did not propagate a unified viewpoint through dialogue or by accommodating diverse needs. Instead, they forcefully imposed their ideology through total state control, banning opposition political parties, controlling mass media and propaganda, abolishing trade unions, and deploying ruthless security forces (like the Gestapo and SS) to liquidate all dissenting voices.

Q7

What did a fascist party want to establish…


📝 Question:

What did a fascist party want to establish in place of democracy?

💡 Solution:

A fascist party wanted to establish a totalitarian, one-party dictatorship under the undisputed command of a single supreme leader (such as Mussolini in Italy or Hitler in Germany). It sought to completely eliminate democratic elections, legal processes, multi-party competition, and civil rights.

Q8

What was the attitude of fascists towards women


📝 Question:

What was the attitude of fascists towards women?

💡 Solution:

Fascists maintained a narrow, patriarchal perspective regarding women. They believed women should stay at home, look after the household, and be glorified primarily for bearing children of pure Aryan stock. They restricted women’s access to higher education (reducing university enrollment from 37% to 10%) and rejected concepts of gender equality or equal career opportunities.

Q9

What differences do you see between a democracy…


📝 Question:

What differences do you see between a democracy and a fascist dictatorship?

💡 Solution:

  1. Governance: Democracy is governed by elected representatives answerable to the people under a constitution and the rule of law. Fascist dictatorship is an authoritarian rule by a single leader and one party where elections are abolished.
  2. Rights: Democracy guarantees fundamental rights, freedom of speech, and political choice. Dictatorship suspends citizen freedoms and enforces complete subordination to the state.
  3. Social Harmony: Democracy resolves conflicts through debate, consensus, and tolerance. Dictatorship uses violent force, propaganda, and terror to destroy opposing groups.

Q10

What differences and similarities do you see in…


📝 Question:

What differences and similarities do you see in the pictures of Hitler’s and Mussolini’s rallies?

💡 Solution:

Similarities:** Both rallies feature massive crowds, rigid military-style discipline, aggressive public speaking, and staged theatrical symbols designed to generate mass hysteria, national pride, and blind submission to a supreme dictator.

  • Differences: Mussolini’s rallies emphasized Italian imperial heritage and fascist blackshirt imagery, whereas Hitler’s rallies focused heavily on Nazi Swastika banners, militaristic SS/SA parades, and racial Aryan propaganda.

SECTION 9.3

GERMANY AND NAZISM

Q11

Try to recall the terms of the Versailles…


📝 Question:

Try to recall the terms of the Versailles Treaty that you learnt about in the previous chapter, which hurt the sentiments and self-respect of the German people

💡 Solution:

The Versailles Treaty (1919) deeply humiliated Germany by forcing it to accept sole guilt for the First World War. It stripped Germany of its overseas colonies, demilitarized its armed forces, ceded key industrial territories (like Alsace-Lorraine and Saar valley control) to Allied nations, and imposed staggering annual financial war reparations that crippled its economy.

Q12

What party ideals for men and women does…


📝 Question:

What party ideals for men and women does this illustration reflect? (Figure 9.5: Cover of a Nazi women’s magazine ‘Frauen Warte’)

💡 Solution:

The cover illustration reflects patriarchal Nazi ideals where men were expected to serve as brave soldiers and workers protecting the fatherland, while women were glorified as ideal mothers and homemakers whose primary national duty was to stay home and raise healthy children of pure Aryan stock.

Q13

How did Hitler and the Nazi party establish…


📝 Question:

How did Hitler and the Nazi party establish their dictatorship?

💡 Solution:

Hitler and the Nazi party established dictatorship through the following steps

  1. Appointment: Hitler was appointed Chancellor in January 1933 by President Hindenburg.
  2. Suspension of Rights: Following the Reichstag building fire in February 1933, citizens’ fundamental rights were suspended under the Fire Decree.
  3. Enabling Act (March 1933): This law empowered Hitler to dissolve parliament and govern by passing arbitrary decrees.
  4. One-Party Rule: All political parties and trade unions were banned, except the Nazi party.
  5. Terror Apparatus: Brutal security squads like the SS, Gestapo (Secret Police), and HSD were given unbridled power to arrest, execute, and imprison opponents in concentration camps.
  6. Nazification: Judiciary (People’s Courts), media, education, and economy were brought under complete Nazi control.

SECTION 9.3.2

THE HOLOCAUST: MASSACRE OF THE JEWS AND OTHERS

Q14

Imagine the lives of Jewish children across Europe…


📝 Question:

Imagine the lives of Jewish children across Europe between 1933 and 1945. What do you think they felt and experienced? Discuss in class. Also read ‘Hana’s suitcase’, which is given below

💡 Solution:

Jewish children experienced terrifying trauma, isolation, humiliation, and constant fear of death. They were expelled from schools, prohibited from public places, stripped of citizenship, and forced to wear yellow Star of David identity badges. They saw their parents arrested and property looted during events like the Night of the Broken Glass. Later, they were herded into filthy ghettos and transported in suffocating cattle trains to concentration camps where millions (like 13-year-old Hana Brady) were murdered in gas chambers.

Q15

What was there in racist ideology that you…


📝 Question:

What was there in racist ideology that you think could have prompted the German people to treat other people in such an inhuman manner?

💡 Solution:

Nazi racist ideology preached that the German Aryan race was the most superior in the world, while Jews, Slavs, Romani, and handicapped individuals were sub-human, inferior, and the root cause of Germany’s problems. State-controlled education, media, and propaganda constantly dehumanized minorities, instilling the false belief in German citizens that exterminating non-Aryans was necessary for the survival and expansion (‘Lebensraum’) of the German nation.

SECTION 9.4

FOREIGN POLICY AND THE WORLD WAR

Q16

Compare the First and Second World Wars and…


📝 Question:

Compare the First and Second World Wars and state the differences in the weapons used and the destruction caused to life and property

💡 Solution:

Weapons Used:** The First World War relied on trench warfare, rifles, machine guns, artillery, and basic early tanks. The Second World War was a highly industrialized total war utilizing advanced fighter aircraft, heavy bombers, submarines, massive tank formations, poison gas chambers, and atomic bombs.

  • Destruction: The First World War killed around 100 lakh soldiers and fewer civilians. The Second World War killed 225 lakh soldiers and 500 lakh civilians (more civilians died than soldiers for the first time in history). Complete cities like Hiroshima and Nagasaki were obliterated in minutes, 60 lakh Jews were murdered in the Holocaust, and global property damage was catastrophic.

SECTION 9.5

INDIA AND THE SECOND WORLD WAR

Q17

Have you heard about famines Find out from…


📝 Question:

Have you heard about famines? Find out from your elders how people live during a famine and discuss in class

💡 Solution:

Famines cause severe food scarcity, hyperinflation, and widespread starvation. During the 1943 Bengal famine, 30 lakh people died because the British colonial government purchased massive grain stocks for war supplies, while hoarding traders spiked prices. People were forced to consume wild leaves and grass, dying of hunger and associated epidemics.

Q18

The war affected peasants and traders in different…


📝 Question:

The war affected peasants and traders in different ways. What do you think were the reasons for these differences?

💡 Solution:

Impact on Peasants:** The colonial government procured large quantities of food grain from markets for military supply, creating acute market scarcity, sky-rocketing food prices, and starvation among rural peasants.

  • Impact on Traders/Industrialists: War demand created massive government contracts for textiles, military goods, and equipment. Traders hoarded food grains and reaped huge profits through black marketing, becoming exceptionally wealthy.

SECTION 9.6

AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR

Q19

Germany was divided in 1945 Find out whether…


📝 Question:

Germany was divided in 1945. Find out whether the country is still divided today

💡 Solution:

No, Germany is no longer divided today. After WWII, Germany was split into East Germany (Soviet influence) and West Germany (US influence). However, following the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, Germany was officially reunified on October 3, 1990.

PART 2

END-OF-CHAPTER EXERCISES

QUESTION 1

a Britains ambitions led to the outbreak of…


📝 Question:

a) Britain’s ambitions led to the outbreak of the Second World War

💡 Solution:

Incorrect statement. Rectified Statement: The expansionist ambitions of Nazi Germany under Hitler and the invasion of Poland in September 1939 led to the outbreak of the Second World War.

Incorrect statement. Rectified Statement: The League of Nations was formed after the First World War (1919), whereas the United Nations Organisation (UNO) was formed in October 1945.

Correct statement. (No rectification needed).

Incorrect statement. Rectified Statement: The lower middle class (small peasants, shopkeepers, unemployed youth) was the biggest supporter of fascism, whereas fascists violently suppressed organised labour.

Incorrect statement. Rectified Statement: Japan joined Germany and Italy to form the Axis powers and fought against Britain and the Allied forces in the Second World War.

QUESTION 2

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION…


📝 Question:

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION *a) ………………. was the fascist dictator of Italy. (Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini)

💡 Solution:

Mussolini**

Fire Decree

Japan

Israel

QUESTION 3

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS a What was the condition…


📝 Question:

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS a) What was the condition of the small property owners after the First World War?

💡 Solution:

After the First World War and during the Great Depression of 1929, small property owners (small peasants, shopkeepers, small traders, government workers) were in extreme distress. They lost their livelihoods due to capitalist policies and feared losing their private property to communist labor movements. Opposing both liberalism and communism, this lower middle class mobilized politically and supported fascist/Nazi parties.

  • Answer: In his propaganda speeches, Hitler assured the German people that he would:
  1. Restore national pride and make Germany a dominant global nation.
  2. Terminate the unjust terms of the Versailles Treaty.
  3. Solve the unemployment crisis and rebuild the economy.
  4. Free Germany from foreign influence and internal enemies like Jews.
  • Answer: After invading Poland in September 1939, Germany treated the Polish population with extreme brutality:
  1. Polish intellectuals, teachers, elite leaders, and Jews were rounded up and executed to eliminate Polish national leadership.
  2. Polish peasants were driven out of their villages, herded into camps, and sold as slave laborers.
  3. German settlers were resettled in Polish villages under the Nazi ‘Living Space’ (Lebensraum) policy.
  • Answer: The Bengal famine of 1943 was caused NOT by crop failure, but by British war policies. The colonial government bought huge quantities of food grains from the market for military rations, creating artificial market scarcity. Indian traders hoarded grains to inflate prices, while the colonial government refused to organize grain distribution to feed starving civilians, causing 30 lakh deaths.
  • Answer: Japan agreed to surrender after the United States dropped atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, killing around 2,50,000 civilians in minutes and causing catastrophic nuclear devastation.
SECTION / EXERCISE

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Q4

What are the differences between fascism and liberal…


📝 Question:

What are the differences between fascism and liberal democracy? Explain in detail

💡 Solution:

  1. Government Structure: Liberal democracy is based on an elected constitutional government accountable to citizens through free elections and rule of law. Fascism rejects elections, legal processes, and constitutionalism, establishing a totalitarian one-party dictatorship under a single leader.
  2. Citizens’ Rights: Democracy guarantees fundamental rights, civil liberties, equality, and freedom of expression. Fascism completely revokes citizens’ rights, subjects society to strict state control, and crushes individual freedoms.
  3. Resolution of Conflict: Democracy relies on dialogue, debate, consensus, and social tolerance. Fascism rejects dialogue, using armed state violence, mob terror, and force to liquidate political opposition, trade unions, and social diversity.
  4. Nationalism and Foreign Policy: Democracy respects international law and peaceful relations. Fascism promotes aggressive ultra-nationalism, racial superiority, militarism, and war hysteria to conquer foreign territories.

Q5

Why did Hitler want to expand the German…


📝 Question:

Why did Hitler want to expand the German state?

💡 Solution:

Hitler pursued aggressive expansion for the following key reasons

  1. Reversing Versailles Treaty: He sought to reclaim all territories lost in 1919 and restore German national self-respect.
  2. Living Space (‘Lebensraum’): Nazi racial theory claimed that the superior German Aryan race needed geographical space and land to survive and prosper, necessitating the conquest of Eastern Europe.
  3. Enslavement of Non-German Races: Hitler viewed non-German populations (like Poles and Russians) as sub-human races fit only to serve as slaves.
  4. Economic Resource Exploitation: He promised German citizens that capturing foreign wealth and resources would raise their living standards.
  5. Global Dominance: Guided by ultra-nationalist militarism, Hitler aimed to establish German racial hegemony over Europe and the world.

Q6

What differences do you see between nationalism and…


📝 Question:

What differences do you see between nationalism and ultra-nationalism?

💡 Solution:

Nationalism:** It is a constructive feeling of love, devotion, and pride towards one’s country. It values national sovereignty and culture while respecting the independence, rights, and equality of other nations and domestic minorities.

  • Ultra-nationalism: It is an aggressive, fanatical ideology declaring that one’s own nation or majority community is supreme above all others. It breeds extreme hatred against minority groups and foreign states, rejects equality, glorifies militarism, and uses war hysteria to dominate other countries.

Q7

What do you think was the cause of…


📝 Question:

What do you think was the cause of Germany’s defeat?

💡 Solution:

Germany’s defeat in WWII was caused by

  1. Invasion of USSR & Stalingrad Defeat: Hitler’s decision to attack the Soviet Union in 1941 created a disastrous Eastern Front. The Soviet army handed Germany its first major defeat at Stalingrad (1942-1943) and launched a relentless counter-offensive to Berlin.
  2. US Entry into War: The entry of the USA in 1941 provided vast industrial, military, and economic resources to the Allied powers.
  3. Two-Front War: Germany was trapped fighting simultaneously on two major fronts – USSR in the East, and USA/Britain/France in the West and North Africa.
  4. Over-extension & Resistance: German supply lines were over-stretched, while Nazi racial atrocities generated intense partisan resistance across occupied nations.

Q8

Had Germany won the war what impact do…


📝 Question:

Had Germany won the war, what impact do you think it would have had on the world?

💡 Solution:

Had Germany won the war, the global impacts would have been catastrophic

  1. Global End of Democracy: Constitutional democracy and universal civil liberties would have been eliminated, replaced by ruthless fascist dictatorships worldwide.
  2. Worldwide Extermination & Slavery: The Holocaust would have been expanded across continents, resulting in the complete genocide of Jews and minorities, while non-Aryan populations (like Slavs) would be enslaved.
  3. Plunder of Nations: Independent countries would lose their sovereignty and face severe economic plunder to enrich Axis powers.
  4. Rule of Totalitarian Terror: Global order would be divided among Germany, Italy, and Japan, characterized by perpetual militarism and terror.

Q9

The United Nations Security Council gives special rights…


📝 Question:

The United Nations Security Council gives special rights to five countries. Why was this done? Do you think it is correct? Write what you think

💡 Solution:

Why it was done:** In 1945, five victorious major powers (USA, Britain, France, Soviet Union, China) were given permanent seats and ‘Veto power’ in the UN Security Council. This was done to ensure that key UN decisions had the backing of major military powers capable of enforcing them, thereby preventing the structural failure that occurred with the former League of Nations.

  • Critical Evaluation: While Veto power was seen in 1945 as necessary to keep super-powers invested in global peace and prevent a Third World War, in the modern context it is undemocratic and unequal. It allows five countries to block collective international action during humanitarian crises to protect their own political interests. Therefore, reforming the Security Council to grant permanent representation to developing nations like India is essential for global democratic fairness.

SECTION / EXERCISE

PROJECT WORK

Q29

Imagine you are a Jewish boy or girl…


📝 Question:

Imagine you are a Jewish boy or girl. Write a story about what happened to you and your family between 1933 and 1945. English Story: Title: Shadows of the Dark Years (1933-1945) “My name is David. In 1933, I was an 8-year-old Jewish boy living happily in Germany. When Hitler came to power, our world disintegrated. First, my father’s store was boycotted, and at school, teachers forced me to sit on a rear bench, telling classmates that my nose made me inferior. In September 1935, the Nuremberg Laws stripped us of citizenship. In November 1938, during the ‘Night of the Broken Glass’, Nazi mobs destroyed our home and burned our synagogue. We were forced to wear a yellow Star of David badge and herded into a cramped ghetto. In 1942, packed into suffocating cattle trains, my parents and sister Hana were deported to Auschwitz concentration camp. I never saw them again – they were killed in poison gas chambers. I survived as a slave laborer until Soviet soldiers liberated us in 1945, but my family and childhood were lost forever.” : 1933 1945 ,

💡 Solution:

: (1933-1945)*

” 1933 , , 8 – 1935 1938 ‘ ‘

” 1942 -, – 1945 , “

Q30

Prepare a poster exhibition on either the Holocaust…


📝 Question:

Prepare a poster exhibition on either the Holocaust or the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. English Outline: Poster Exhibition Outline: The Holocaust – Humanity’s Darkest Hour Panel 1: Seeds of Hatred (1933-1938): Displays Nazi propaganda posters, Nuremberg Laws text, and yellow identity badges. Caption: “From discrimination to legal dehumanization”. Panel 2: Ghettos & Deportation (1939-1941): Displays photos of crowded Polish ghettos and SS guards loading families onto cattle trains. Caption: “Forced labor and loss of human dignity”. Panel 3: Industrialized Genocide (1941-1945): Displays Auschwitz gas chambers, Hana Brady’s suitcase, and mass graves. Caption: “60 Lakh Jews murdered – Never Forget, Never Repeat”. Panel 4: Pledging for Peace: Displays UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Caption:* “Unite against hatred, racism, and fascism worldwide.”

💡 Solution:

  • 1: (1933-1938): , , : ” – “
  • 2: (1939-1941): : ” – “
  • 3: (1941-1945): , : “60 – “
  • 4: : : ” – “

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