CG Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 3 Solutions: Agriculture (कृषि) (2026-27)

(a) Kharif**

(b) With the onset of the monsoon**

(c) Decreases**

(d) Wheat**

(d) In all seasons**

To increase overall agricultural production sustainably, the following measures must be adopted

1. Enhance Crop Productivity: Utilize high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, organic compost, and balanced chemical fertilizers.
2. Expand Irrigation Facilities: Modernize canals and promote drip/sprinkler irrigation so more land can support double or triple cropping.
3. Adopt Crop Rotation & Organic Farming: Rotate legumes with cereals to maintain natural soil fertility and prevent land degradation.
4. Soil & Water Conservation: Implement watershed development, rainwater harvesting, and soil testing services.

Yes, modern commercialized farming has made farmers heavily dependent on the industrial sector.

• Inputs from Industry: Farmers must purchase factory-produced chemical fertilizers, synthetic pesticides, diesel, electric pumps, tractors, and machinery.
• Market Dependence: Farmers rely on agro-industries and commercial traders to buy processing machinery and hybrid seeds rather than storing home-saved seeds.

Developed countries (like USA, EU countries, Japan) provide massive financial subsidies to their farmers (up to 47% to 99% on paddy/wheat).

• Impact on India:

1. Subsidies artificially lower production costs in developed nations, allowing them to dump cheap agricultural exports worldwide.
2. Indian farmers, who receive far fewer subsidies, face unfair competition in global markets.
3. Cheap imported agricultural goods depress domestic prices in India, hurting small farmers’ livelihoods.

Large-scale extraction of underground water using electric bore wells creates several severe problems

1. Groundwater Depletion: Depletes water aquifers, causing nearby shallow wells and ponds to dry up completely.
2. Soil Salinization: Excessive underground water irrigation brings subterranean mineral salts to the surface, making soil alkaline and infertile.
3. Power Crisis & High Costs: Increases electricity consumption and burdens small farmers with heavy tube-well installation costs.

Globalization** is the process of integrating a country’s national economy with the world economy. Its primary objective is to remove or reduce trade barriers, customs duties, and import restrictions so that goods, services, capital, technology, and trade flow freely across international borders.

If agriculture ceases to exist, human survival would become impossible

1. Total Food Collapse: No grains, pulses, fruits, vegetables, or milk products would be produced, leading to immediate world starvation.
2. Industrial Shutdown: Agro-based industries (textiles, sugar, jute, food processing) would close, creating global unemployment.
3. Economic & Social Chaos: Human civilization would face total collapse without basic sustenance.

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Comparative Project Table:

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