CG Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 16 Solutions: Democracy and Social Movements (लोकतंत्र एवं सामाजिक आंदोलन) (2026-27)

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CG Board (CGBSE / SCERT Chhattisgarh) Class 10 Social Science Solutions | 2026-27 Edition

📚 Chapter Overview:

  • Board: Chhattisgarh Board of Secondary Education (CGBSE) / CG SCERT Raipur
  • Subject & Section: Class 10 Social Science – Political Science (राजनीति विज्ञान) (2026-27 Edition)
  • Chapter 16: Democracy and Social Movements (लोकतंत्र एवं सामाजिक आंदोलन)
  • Medium: Bilingual Solutions (English Medium + हिंदी माध्यम)
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Question 1

How does a social movement influence and catalyse…


📝 Question:

How does a social movement influence and catalyse people’s participation?

💡 Solution:

A social movement brings together various social groups in a country to collectively demand their rights and fight against injustice. It catalyses public participation by making people aware of their constitutional rights, organizing collective actions such as rallies and demonstrations, and providing a platform for marginalized sections to directly influence political governance.

Question 2

How do different groups in society influence the…


📝 Question:

How do different groups in society influence the political system and the policy and lawmaking process in a democracy?

💡 Solution:

In a democracy, different social groups influence the political system beyond voting by forming active pressure groups, using the media, organizing peaceful protests, and holding public hearings. These social movements expose administrative corruption, file petitions in courts, and force the government to enact new protective welfare laws and policies.

Q3

What was the role of the peoples movement…


📝 Question:

What was the role of the people’s movement, the law and the courts in protecting the rights of the adivasis of Niyamgiri?

💡 Solution:

The adivasis of Niyamgiri staged peaceful demonstrations, organized rallies, and formed a 17km-long human chain encircling Niyam Dongar to stop mining bulldozers. The law intervened when government committees found that the mining lease directly violated the PESA Act, which grants special powers to village panchayats in scheduled areas. Finally, the Supreme Court passed a landmark judgment in 2013 directing that 12 village panchayats in the area decide on permitting mining, resulting in a unanimous vote by the Gram Sabhas against mining to protect their natural resources.

Q4

Subsection 1612 Struggle for the Right to Information…


📝 Question:

Subsection 16.1.2: Struggle for the Right to Information (Pages 228 – 230) In-Text Question (Page 228)*: Do similar problems exist in your area? Discuss in class

💡 Solution:

Yes, similar problems of delayed minimum wage payments, underpayment of daily labourers, and lack of transparency in local rural development projects often exist in local areas.

Yes, measuring daily physical work at the end of each day and maintaining independent records provided concrete, empirical proof against corrupt officials who claimed work quotas were reduced. This systematic evidence gathered by workers under the Mazdoor-Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) compelled central government intervention to release full wages.

Yes, demonstrations and hunger strikes are common non-violent methods used by labor unions, farmer associations, and student groups to draw public and government attention to unfulfilled demands.

Yes, public hearings (Jansunwais) are organized in various panchayats to review social audit reports of rural employment schemes like MNREGA.

A Jansunwai should be held on issues such as the quality of construction in local village roads and school buildings, distribution of ration under the Public Distribution System (PDS), and timely payment of wages to public work labourers.

  • Table Questions: State Right to Information Acts (Page 230 / Passage 17 & 20)

`

S.No. State Act Name Year / Date

  1. Tamil Nadu Right to Information Act 1997 May 5, 1997
  2. Goa Right to Information Act 1997 December 2, 1997
  3. Maharashtra Right to Information Act 2000 July 18, 2000
  4. Rajasthan Right to Information Act 2000 January 26, 2001
  5. Karnataka Right to Information Act 2000 2000
  6. Delhi Right to Information Act 2001 2001

`

  • In-Text Question 1 (Page 230): How does the right to information benefit us? Discuss in class.
  • Solution: The Right to Information (RTI) empowers common citizens to inspect government records, examine bills, vouchers, and muster rolls, expose corrupt practices, and hold public officials accountable. It promotes administrative transparency and ensures that government funds reach targeted development projects.

*

  • In-Text Question 2 (Page 230): In what way can you use the right to information? Discuss in class.
  • Solution: Citizens can file an RTI application to seek certified copies of government records, inquire about the status of pending official applications or scholarships, verify muster rolls of local public works, and inspect certified samples of materials used in public infrastructure construction.

*

Q5

Subsection 1613 Peace Movements Pages 231 232 InText…


📝 Question:

Subsection 16.1.3: Peace Movements (Pages 231 – 232) In-Text Question 1 (Page 231)*: What is the purpose of a peace movement? Explain with examples

💡 Solution:

The global purpose of peace movements is to prohibit the use of nuclear weapons, stop arms build-up, encourage international disarmament, and end wars between nations. Examples include the Japanese Council against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs formed in 1954, England’s Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) launching the Aldermaston march, and the Women Strike for Peace in the USA in 1961.

People participating in peace movements can establish peace camps, conduct public signature campaigns, organize marches and sit-in demonstrations, support anti-war political candidates, and critically analyze government security and disarmament policies.

Peace between nations is necessary to prevent mass destruction of human lives and infrastructure caused by nuclear weapons, to avoid diverting scarce economic resources toward armaments, and to ensure sustainable global economic development and human welfare.

  • Discussion Questions on Committee of 100 (Page 232 / Passage 24)
Question 1

Why do you think the English parliament could…


📝 Question:

Why do you think the English parliament could not pass a proposal to abolish nuclear weapons?

💡 Solution:

The English Parliament could not pass a proposal to abolish nuclear weapons because the ruling government prioritized national defense strategy, deterrence during Cold War rivalries, and alliance commitments over the unilateral disarmament demands of peace activists.

Question 2

How successful were the strikes protests and campaigns…


📝 Question:

How successful were the strikes, protests and campaigns conducted by the Committee of 100?

💡 Solution:

The Committee of 100 successfully attracted thousands of citizens to sit-in protests and generated mass awareness despite police repression and the arrest of 89-year-old Bertrand Russell. However, its long-term success was limited because it lacked a formal leadership hierarchy, and as local anti-war groups joined, the core focus on nuclear disarmament was diverted to various other local issues.

Q8

Choose the Correct Option MCQs 1 Niyamgiri is…


📝 Question:

Choose the Correct Option / MCQs 1. Niyamgiri is: 1. A movement 2. A mountain 3. A bauxite storehouse 4. A king

💡 Solution:

  1. A mountain** (Niyam Dongar in Niyamgiri Hills).
  2. A political movement**.
  3. For all these reasons.**
  4. All these reasons.**
  5. A 17km-long human chain was formed to encircle the hill.**
  6. Violation of the right to information.* (Note: Violation of RTI was the systemic barrier, not the form of financial corruption on muster rolls)*.
  7. Wildlife conservation based on the environment.**
  8. Public hearing and exposure of corruption in a people’s court of the gram sabha.**
  9. The destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by nuclear bombs.**
  10. To maintain peace and development.**

  1. American women staged strikes, marches and demonstrations for peace in 60 US cities.
  2. America observed Nuclear Disarmament Day on June 20, 1983.
  3. Britain’s Atomic Weapons Research Establishment in Berkshire is located at Aldermaston.
  4. Niyamgiri contains rich deposits of bauxite (aluminium) ore.
  5. America’s nuclear testing facility is situated in Nevada.
  6. Mining in Adivasi-inhabited scheduled areas is a violation of the PESA (Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act.
  7. The Right to Information Act was implemented in India in 2005.
  8. The Labour party is a political party in Britain (England).
  9. America dropped an atomic bomb on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in 1945.
Question

Why wasnt the peace movement of the Committee…


📝 Question:

Why wasn’t the peace movement of the Committee of 100 successful? Explain with reasons

💡 Solution:

The peace movement of the Committee of 100 faced limitations due to several reasons

  1. Violent repression by police and mass arrests weakened the campaign’s active numbers.
  2. The arrest of its 89-year-old leader Bertrand Russell left the movement without formal leadership, as the Committee had no leadership hierarchy or formal membership.
  3. As various local anti-war groups affiliated with the movement, lack of clear awareness led to misconceptions, and the core focus on nuclear disarmament was gradually diverted to other local issues.

Question 2

Why did the peace movement for disarmament begin…


📝 Question:

Why did the peace movement for disarmament begin in Japan?

💡 Solution:

The peace movement for disarmament began in Japan because Japan experienced massive destruction when America dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. In 1954, Japanese citizens established the ‘Japanese Council against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs’ and collected 35 lakh signatures protesting nuclear weapons testing in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 3

What are the objectives of the peace movement


📝 Question:

What are the objectives of the peace movement?

💡 Solution:

The main objectives of peace movements are

  1. To stop wars and eliminate acts of violence during armed conflicts.
  2. To prohibit the development, testing, and use of nuclear, hydrogen, and biological weapons.
  3. To encourage global disarmament and halt the international arms race.
  4. To establish peace camps, support anti-war political candidates, and critically analyze national security policies.

Question 4

Explain the main benefits of the right to…


📝 Question:

Explain the main benefits of the right to information

💡 Solution:

The main benefits of the Right to Information (RTI) are

  1. It empowers common citizens to inspect government muster rolls, vouchers, and development records.
  2. It exposes administrative corruption, ghost workers, and fictitious development works.
  3. It enforces official accountability and ensures full wage payments to workers.
  4. It strengthens democratic governance by establishing public transparency.

Question 5

Explain the experiences of the people in the…


📝 Question:

Explain the experiences of the people in the jansunwai

💡 Solution:

During the first public hearing (Jansunwai) organized by MKSS at Kot Kirana on December 2, 1994, villagers exposed extensive corruption. Names of dead persons were found on muster rolls, payments were listed for people who never worked on the project, and bills were submitted for buildings that were never constructed. Through Jansunwais, common people experienced the power of collective evidence to uncover corruption and demand government accountability.

Question 6

Whose decision led to the victory of the…


📝 Question:

Whose decision led to the victory of the Niyamgiri satyagraha?

💡 Solution:

The victory of the Niyamgiri satyagraha was achieved through the historic verdict of the Supreme Court of India in 2013 and the unanimous voting decision of the 12 local Gram Sabhas (village panchayats) against mining under the PESA Act.

Question 7

Which scheduled tribes lived in the Niyamgiri area


📝 Question:

Which scheduled tribes lived in the Niyamgiri area?

💡 Solution:

The scheduled tribes living in the Niyamgiri area include the Dongria Kondh and Kutia Kondh tribes.

Question 8

What was the Supreme Courts decision on Niyamgiri


📝 Question:

What was the Supreme Court’s decision on Niyamgiri?

💡 Solution:

In 2013, the Supreme Court ruled that under the provisions of the PESA Act, the 12 local village panchayats (Gram Sabhas) in the Niyamgiri region had the sole legal authority to decide whether mining operations by Vedanta should be permitted or not.

Question 9

Who and what do the peasants and workers…


📝 Question:

Who and what do the peasants and workers depend on for their livelihood during a drought?

💡 Solution:

During a drought, small farmers and agricultural labourers depend on government famine relief work, drought relief projects implemented by panchayats, and daily wage work to earn their livelihood.

Question 10

Explain what is a muster roll


📝 Question:

Explain what is a muster roll

💡 Solution:

A muster roll is an official government register in which daily attendance, the quantum of physical work completed, and the details of wage payments made to daily labourers on public development projects are recorded.

Question 11

Write the names of any four districts in…


📝 Question:

Write the names of any four districts in Rajasthan

💡 Solution:

Four drought-prone districts in central Rajasthan mentioned in the text are Ajmer, Bhilwara, Pali, and Rajsamand.

Question 12

Explain the destruction caused by an atomic bomb


📝 Question:

Explain the destruction caused by an atomic bomb

💡 Solution:

An atomic bomb causes instantaneous catastrophic destruction through extreme heat, blast pressure waves, and nuclear radiation, killing thousands instantly and causing long-term genetic defects, cancer, environmental contamination, and total destruction of habitats (as witnessed in Hiroshima and Nagasaki).

Question 13

Explain what disarmament means


📝 Question:

Explain what disarmament means

💡 Solution:

Disarmament refers to the reduction, limitation, or total abolition of military armaments, nuclear weapons, and weapons of mass destruction by nations through international treaties to prevent war and maintain global peace.

Question

Should there be a peace movement If yes…


📝 Question:

Should there be a peace movement? If yes, then why, if no then why? Explain with reasons

💡 Solution:

Yes, peace movements are vital because nuclear armaments threaten human survival. Peace movements create global public opinion against war, force governments to limit military spending, and redirect economic resources toward health, education, and development.

Question 2

Have you heard or read about any peace…


📝 Question:

Have you heard or read about any peace movement in India? Share what you know in class

💡 Solution:

India has a rich tradition of peace movements rooted in Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violent Satyagraha and Vinoba Bhave’s Bhoodan movement. Modern anti-nuclear peace campaigns have also taken place against nuclear power plant expansion in regions like Koodankulam.

Question 3

What is the role of a peace movement…


📝 Question:

What is the role of a peace movement in a democracy?

💡 Solution:

In a democracy, peace movements provide a platform for citizens to challenge state militarism, ensure transparent security policymaking, protect human rights, and prevent governments from engaging in unnecessary foreign conflicts.

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