CG Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 5 Solutions: Human Resources (मानव संसाधन) (2026-27)

(d) Data about different aspects of the life of people will not be available to us.**

(a) the sex ratio is low.**

(b) the youth group.**

(a) is good.**

(d) many times more (300% / multi-fold as much).**

Through the decadal census, we obtain comprehensive data regarding

1. Total population and decadal population growth rate.
2. Sex ratio (overall sex ratio and child sex ratio for 0-6 years).
3. Literacy rate (male, female, rural, and urban literacy).
4. Age composition (children, working youth, and elderly population).
5. Proportion of rural vs urban population (urbanization).
6. Working population and occupational structure (main workers, marginal workers, non-workers).

Census data are vital tools for government planning and governance

1. Welfare Scheme Formulation: Helps calculate budgets and demand for schools, hospitals, Aanganwadi centres, and pensions.
2. Resource Allocation: Used by government commissions to distribute financial funds and public facilities across states and districts.
3. Targeting Marginalized Groups: Identifies regions with lower female literacy or declining sex ratios to implement corrective legal policies.
4. Electoral Representation: Used to demarcate parliamentary and assembly constituencies.

A low sex ratio reflects severe gender imbalance and causes the following consequences

1. Social Crimes & Instability: Severe shortage of women increases crimes against women, human trafficking, forced marriages, and social insecurity.
2. Indication of Discrimination: Reflects prevalent female foeticide, nutritional neglect, and high maternal/girl child mortality.
3. Economic Loss: Lower female participation in the workforce harms overall economic productivity.

The child sex ratio (914) being significantly lower than the overall sex ratio (940) indicates

1. Female Foeticide: Illegal use of pre-natal sex determination technologies (ultrasound) to abort female foetuses.
2. Son Preference: Deep social desire for male heirs leading to post-birth neglect of female infants in nutrition, immunization, and healthcare.
3. Female Infant Mortality: Higher death rates among girl children due to discriminatory healthcare practices.

The female literacy rate (65.46%) is lower than male literacy (82.14%) due to

1. Patriarchal Discrimination: Families prioritize education expenses for sons over daughters, viewing sons as future care-providers.
2. Domestic Burden & Child Marriage: Girls are engaged early in household chores, sibling care, or forced into early marriage.
3. Inadequate School Infrastructure: Lack of separate toilets for girls and distant secondary schools lead to high dropout rates among adolescent girls.

This statement is only partially correct, as population growth alone is not the primary barrier to development

1. Role of Resource Distribution: Development is hindered more by severe inequality in resource distribution and excessive resource consumption by developed nations than by population size.
2. Population as an Asset: An educated, skilled, and healthy population acts as a productive human resource that drives national wealth creation.
3. Conclusion: Population becomes a hurdle only when a country fails to provide education, healthcare, and productive employment to its citizens.

Sex Ratio is calculated as the number of females per 1,000 males using the formula

Sex Ratio = ((Total Female Population)/(Total Male Population)) × 1000

Given

• Female Population = 4,91,822
• Male Population = 5,18,611

Sex Ratio = ((4,91,822)/(5,18,611)) × 1000 = 0.94834 × 1000 = 948.34

Raipur City Sex Ratio in 2011 = 948 females per 1,000 males.

1. Name of Head of Family: _______________
2. Total Members: _____ (Males: _____, Females: _____)
3. Children (0-6 years): _____ (Boys: _____, Girls: _____)
4. Age Distribution: Children (<15 yrs): ____ | Youth (15-59 yrs): ____ | Old (>60 yrs): ____
5. Literates: _____ (Males: _____, Females: _____)

(Sample Hamlet Survey Findings – 10 Households):

• Total Population = 50
• Males = 26 | Females = 24
• Overall Sex Ratio = (24/26) × 1000 = 923
• Children (0-6 yrs) = 4 Boys, 3 Girls → Child Sex Ratio = (3/4) × 1000 = 750
• Literates = 38 → Literacy Rate = (38/50) × 100 = 76\%
• Age Groups: Children = 12 | Youth = 31 | Elderly = 7

To construct the Age Pyramid from the survey data

1. Draw a horizontal X-axis showing Population Percentage (Males on the left, Females on the right).
2. Draw a vertical Y-axis dividing age brackets (0-14, 15-29, 30-44, 45-59, 60+).
3. Plot horizontal bars corresponding to the percentage of males and females in each age group.
4. Interpretation: The resulting pyramid will feature a broad middle bar (youth) and narrower base/top, reflecting a expanding youthful workforce.