CG Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 12 Solutions: The Making of the Indian Constitution (भारत के संविधान का निर्माण) (2026-27)

The main themes included in the Indian Constitution are

1. Structure and Governance: Defining the organs of government (Legislature, Executive, Judiciary) and federal division of power.
2. Fundamental Rights and Liberties: Guaranteeing freedom of expression, equality before law, religious freedom, and protection against discrimination.
3. Basic Principles in Preamble: Declaring India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.
4. Directive Principles and Welfare Goals: Directing the state to establish a just society, eliminate socio-economic inequality, and protect minorities.

It is important because

1. Prevents Arbitrary Rule: It ensures that laws are made according to established rules and not according to the whims of any ruler.
2. Defines Powers and Limits: It clearly demarcates the legislative boundaries of the Union and State governments.
3. Ensures Democratic Legitimacy: It establishes that laws must be passed by elected representatives who are accountable to the public.

Similarities**

1. Both countries formed a Constituent Assembly to draft their constitutions.
2. Both held extensive public consultations to incorporate the views of diverse communities.
3. Both aimed to establish a democratic republic replacing non-democratic control.

• Differences

1. Context: India drafted its constitution after gaining freedom from British colonial rule in 1947, whereas Nepal drafted its new constitution in 2015 after abolishing its feudal monarchy in 2008.
2. Time Taken: India took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days (1946-1949), whereas Nepal’s process took several years across multiple assemblies (2008-2015).

The Constituent Assembly was convened through indirect election by provincial assemblies elected under the 1935 Act. Although it was not directly elected by universal adult franchise due to partition and time constraints, it functioned in a deeply democratic manner because its members represented all major regions, political streams, and communities. It debated every clause extensively, published draft proposals in newspapers, invited public feedback, and adopted decisions through consensus.

The Constituent Assembly took the following steps

1. Public Questionnaires: Committees published questionnaires in newspapers asking citizens for their views on fundamental rights and minorities.
2. Inviting Memorandums: Citizens and public associations sent thousands of written letters and memorandums expressing their expectations.
3. Multilingual Translations: Draft constitutions were translated into Hindi and regional languages for wider public reading and feedback.

The Preamble is important because

1. Summary of Core Values: It serves as a synopsis of our national ideals – Sovereignty, Socialism, Secularism, Democracy, and Republicanism.
2. Guarantees Rights: It pledges to secure Social, Economic, and Political Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity for every citizen.
3. Guiding Light: It provides the moral foundation and direction for the government to make laws and for citizens to protect their rights.

While all principles are vital, “Sovereignty” combined with “Social, Economic, and Political Justice” can be considered the most fundamental. Sovereignty ensures that India is completely free from foreign interference to determine its own destiny. Social, economic, and political justice ensures that freedom is meaningful for every citizen by eliminating inequality, poverty, and discrimination.