CG Board Class 10 Science Chapter 18 Solutions: Energy: Forms and Sources (ऊर्जा: स्वरूप एवं स्रोत) (2026-27)

CG Board (CGBSE / SCERT Chhattisgarh) Class 10 Science Solutions | 2026-27 New Edition (English & Hindi Medium)

📚 Chapter Overview:

  • Board: Chhattisgarh Board of Secondary Education (CGBSE) / CG SCERT Raipur
  • Class & Subject: Class 10 Science (विज्ञान) – 2026-27 Edition
  • Chapter 18: Energy: Forms and Sources (ऊर्जा: स्वरूप एवं स्रोत)
  • CGBSE Board Weightage: 3 Marks (8 Academic Periods)
  • Medium: Bilingual Solutions (English Medium + हिंदी माध्यम)

🌐 Select Language / माध्यम चुनें:

Part 1

In-Text & Activity Questions

Q1

Complete Table1 showing how stored energy in various…


📝 Question:

Complete Table-1 showing how stored energy in various objects is converted into other forms

💡 Solution:

ObjectWhat is needed to convert stored energyInitial form of energyFinal converted forms of energy
2. PetrolCombustion in engineChemical energyKinetic (motion) and thermal energy
3. DynamiteIgnition / DetonationChemical energyKinetic, thermal, light, and sound energy
4. Stretched rubber bandReleasing the rubber bandStored kinetic / Potential energyKinetic energy
5. TablaStriking the membraneKinetic energySound energy

Based on section 18.3 of the textbook, energy stored in objects is released when external action triggers its transformation

Q2

Complete Table2 with initial and final forms of…


📝 Question:

Complete Table-2 with initial and final forms of energy conversion examples

💡 Solution:

Initial Form of EnergyFinal Form of EnergyExample from Textbook
Kinetic energyThermal energyPalms getting warm on rubbing together
Kinetic energyPotential energyCompressing a spring
Kinetic energyElectric energyProduction of electricity using an electric generator
Chemical energyLight energySwitching on a torch
Kinetic energySound, light, and thermal energyKnife hitting a stone
Electric energyThermal energyElectric iron getting warm

According to Table-2 in the textbook, energy continuously transforms between initial and final forms

Q3

Complete Table3 showing useful and waste energy forms…


📝 Question:

Complete Table-3 showing useful and waste energy forms for electrical appliances

💡 Solution:

S.No.Electrical ApplianceUseful Form of EnergyWaste Form of Energy
2.Hair dryerKinetic and thermal energy of air moleculesSound energy
3.OvenThermal energy (food gets warm)Thermal energy (utensils become hot) and sound energy
4.FanKinetic energySound energy and heat energy
5.Tungsten BulbLight energyThermal energy (heat loss)

During the operation of electrical appliances, electrical energy is converted into both useful work and wasted thermal or sound energy

In-Text Q4

Activity Question Section 1852 Two conical flasks one…


📝 Question:

Activity Question (Section 18.5.2): Two conical flasks (one painted white, one painted black) are filled with water and kept in sunlight. (a) Touch the conical flasks. Which one is hotter? **(b) Can you think of ways in which this finding could be used in your daily life?

💡 Solution:

(a)** The black-painted conical flask becomes noticeably hotter than the white-painted conical flask. Black surfaces absorb maximum solar thermal radiation, whereas white surfaces reflect most of the light and heat radiation.

(b) Daily Life Applications:

  1. Designing solar water heaters and solar cookers with black-painted interior surfaces to maximize heat absorption.
  2. Painting house roofs white in hot summers to keep rooms cool, and wearing dark clothes in cold winters to absorb heat.

Q5

What daily life steps should be taken to…


📝 Question:

What daily life steps should be taken to ensure proper utilization and conservation of energy?

💡 Solution:

According to section 18.6 of the textbook and CREDA recommendations, the following points must be followed in daily life

  1. People should be encouraged to use non-conventional (renewable) sources of energy like solar and wind power.
  2. Pressure cookers should be used for cooking food to reduce fuel consumption.
  3. Appliances operated on solar energy (solar cookers, solar heaters, solar panels) should be utilized.
  4. Biogas should be promoted as a fuel in rural areas.
  5. Bicycles should be used for traveling short distances to save petrol and diesel.

Part 2

End-of-Chapter Exercise Solutions

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Q1. Choose the correct option

(a) Geothermal energy

(b) Wind energy

(c) Nuclear energy

(d) Biomass

Answer: (c) Nuclear energy

Reason: Nuclear energy is obtained from the binding energy inside atomic nuclei through nuclear fission or fusion reactions, independent of solar radiation. Geothermal, wind, and biomass energy are indirectly driven by solar radiation.

(a) Nitrogen, Helium, Hydrogen

(b) Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen

(c) Ethane, Oxygen, Hydrogen

(d) Methane, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen

Answer: (d) Methane, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen

Reason: Biogas is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter and consists of methane (up to 75%), carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and hydrogen sulphide.

(a) Two light nuclei combine

(b) Breaking of a heavy nucleus into light nuclei

(c) Both of the above

(d) None of the above

Answer: (b) Breaking of a heavy nucleus into light nuclei due to printing alignment, but the core textbook definition explicitly confirms option (b)).*

Reason: By textbook definition, nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of a heavy atom (such as Uranium, Plutonium) is split into lighter nuclei upon bombardment with low-energy neutrons.

(a) Coal, petroleum, natural gas

(b) Biogas, wave energy, nuclear energy

(c) Tidal energy, hydel power energy

(d) Wave energy, ocean thermal energy, geothermal energy

Answer: (a) Coal, petroleum, natural gas

Reason: Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy resources formed inside the earth over millions of years from buried organic remains.

(a) Electric energy into kinetic energy

(b) Solar energy into potential energy

(c) Solar energy into electric energy

(d) Solar energy into nuclear energy

Answer: (c) Solar energy into electric energy

Reason: A solar cell directly converts solar radiation energy into electrical energy.

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Q2. Fill in the blanks

Answer: Rainy / Cloudy

Answer: Electrical and Light (or Light)

Answer: Tidal energy, Wave energy, Ocean thermal energy

Answer: Solar (Light) ; Thermal (Heat)

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Q3. Explain the mechanism of solar cooker with the help of a labeled diagram.

Answer:

Mechanism of Solar Cooker:

  1. Construction: A solar cooker consists of an insulated outer box made of wood or metal. The inside walls and bottom of the box are painted black to absorb maximum solar thermal radiation. Food is placed inside dark-painted metal containers.
  2. Glass Cover: The top of the box is covered with a transparent sheet glass. Once solar radiation enters through the glass cover, the glass sheet prevents the long-wave thermal heat rays from escaping, trapping the heat inside through the greenhouse effect.
  3. Reflector Mirror: A plane mirror reflector is attached at the top lid to reflect additional sunbeams directly into the box.
  4. Operation: Due to continuous heat trapping, the internal temperature rises to 100-140° C within 2-3 hours, which cooks food items like rice, pulses, and vegetables effectively.

`

[Sunlight]

/

\/ (Plane Mirror Reflector)

/ \______/

/ |

/ v (Glass Cover)

+————————+

| [Black Containers] | <-- Insulated Box

| (Food: Rice, Pulses) | (Inner walls painted black)

+————————+

`

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Q4. Explain why

(i) The inside of a solar cooker box is painted black.

(ii) The solar cooker box is covered with a glass-sheet.

(iii) Plane mirror reflectors are used inside the solar cookers.

Answer:

(i) Black surfaces are excellent absorbers of thermal radiation. Painting the interior black ensures maximum absorption of sunlight falling inside the box.

(ii) A glass sheet allows light rays to pass inside the cooker but stops thermal heat rays from trapped air inside from escaping out. This traps heat inside and builds up the temperature to 100-140° C.

(iii) A plane mirror acts as a reflector that redirects additional parallel rays of sunlight directly into the cooker box, increasing light concentration and heating efficiency.

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Q5. Name the device which converts solar energy into electric energy.

Answer:

Solar Cell (or Solar Cell Panel).

Exercise Q6. Apart from cattle

dung, which other materials can be put inside a biogas plant?

Answer:

Apart from cattle-dung (gobar), crop residues remaining after harvesting, vegetable wastes, organic plant materials, domestic sewage, and poultry/animal waste can be put inside a biogas plant for anaerobic decomposition.

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Q7. Explain any two differences between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.

ParameterNuclear FissionNuclear Fusion
DefinitionA heavy nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei upon bombardment with neutrons.Two light nuclei combine together to form a heavier nucleus.
ConditionsOccurs at normal temperature and pressure in controlled reactors.Requires extreme conditions: millions of degrees temperature and high pressure.
ExampleFission of Uranium-235 in nuclear power plants.Fusion of Hydrogen isotopes into Helium in the Sun and stars.
:—:—:—

Answer:

Exercise Q8. On what basis can we classify the sources of energy into renewable and non

renewable?

Answer:

The classification of energy sources into renewable and non-renewable is based on their availability, rate of natural replenishment, and exhaustibility:

  1. Renewable Energy Sources: Sources that are continuously regenerated by natural processes and will not run out over time (e.g., solar, wind, tidal, hydel energy).
  2. Non-Renewable Energy Sources: Sources that have taken millions of years to form, exist in limited reserves, and get exhausted rapidly upon continuous use without quick replenishment (e.g., coal, petroleum, natural gas).
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Q9. Write two sources of energy which you think are renewable. Give reasons for your choices.

Answer:

Q6

Solar Energy Reason Energy from the Sun is…


📝 Question:

Solar Energy: Reason: Energy from the Sun is available naturally every day in abundant amounts and will not get exhausted for billions of years. 2. Wind Energy:* Reason:* Wind currents are generated continuously due to solar heating of earth and atmospheric pressure differences, making wind a naturally self-replenishing source

💡 Solution:

  1. :**

2. :

SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Q10. Write down the benefits of the use of solar energy.

Answer:

  1. Environment Friendly: Solar energy is clean and non-polluting; it produces no toxic gases or smoke.
  2. Abundant and Free: India receives solar radiation for most parts of the year without cost.
  3. Versatile Direct Conversion: Converts directly into electricity using solar cells with no moving mechanical parts, requiring low maintenance.
  4. Remote Accessibility: Solar panels can be set up in far-off, remote, or hilly regions where laying electrical transmission lines is expensive.
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Q11. What are the limitations of wind energy?

Answer:

  1. Minimum Wind Speed Requirement: Wind energy farms can only be established in areas where wind speed is consistently greater than 15 km/h to turn turbines efficiently.
  2. Large Land Area Needed: Setting up a wind energy farm requires vast tracts of land.
  3. High Capital Cost & Maintenance: Initial installation cost is very high, and exposed blades suffer high wear and tear from weather.
  4. Intermittent Supply: Backup facilities are required when wind speeds fall below required limits during calm weather.
SECTION / EXERCISE

Exercise Q12. What do you understand by conversion of energy?

Answer:

Conversion of Energy:

Conversion of energy refers to the process of transforming energy from one form (such as chemical, potential, kinetic, or solar) into another usable form (such as electrical, thermal, light, or sound energy).

According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another, while the total energy of a closed system remains constant.


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