CG Board Class 10 Social Science Chapter 12 Solutions: The Making of the Indian Constitution (भारत के संविधान का निर्माण) (2026-27)

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CG Board (CGBSE / SCERT Chhattisgarh) Class 10 Social Science Solutions | 2026-27 Edition

📚 Chapter Overview:

  • Board: Chhattisgarh Board of Secondary Education (CGBSE) / CG SCERT Raipur
  • Subject & Section: Class 10 Social Science – Political Science (राजनीति विज्ञान) (2026-27 Edition)
  • Chapter 12: The Making of the Indian Constitution (भारत के संविधान का निर्माण)
  • Medium: Bilingual Solutions (English Medium + हिंदी माध्यम)
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Q1

Instructions Recall what you learnt about the Indian…


📝 Question:

Instructions**: Recall what you learnt about the Indian constitution in Class 8 and fill in the blanks in the following sentences: The Indian constitution was framed by the …………………………………….. (Parliament / Vidhan Sabha / Constituent Assembly)

💡 Solution:

Constituent Assembly**.

Question 2

The Indian constitution came into effect on August…


📝 Question:

The Indian constitution came into effect on ……………………………………………………. (August 15, 1947 / January 26, 1950 / January 30, 1948)

💡 Solution:

January 26, 1950**.

Question 3

According to our constitution India is a democratic…


📝 Question:

According to our constitution, India is a …………………………………………… (democratic country / monarchy / military-ruled country)

💡 Solution:

democratic country**.

In-Text Q2

If you had to make a constitution for…


📝 Question:

If you had to make a constitution for your school, what procedure would you adopt? What objectives for the school would you include?

💡 Solution:

Procedure**: I would form a representative body including students from all classes, teachers, staff, and parents. Draft rules would be published to invite feedback and open discussions before final adoption.

  • Objectives
  1. Ensure equal educational opportunities and non-discrimination for all students.
  2. Maintain discipline, safety, and mutual respect among students and teachers.
  3. Encourage freedom of thought, expression, and student participation in governance.

Question

Box Text Do you know how a state…


📝 Question:

Box Text**: Do you know how a state is defined in political science? A unit that has a defined land area, population, government and sovereignty (freedom) is called a state, such as India and the United States of America. Are Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh states? Give reasons for your answer

💡 Solution:

In strict political science terms, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are not independent sovereign states. Although they possess a defined land area, population, and elected government, they lack sovereignty because they are federated units under the sovereign Republic of India. In constitutional terminology within India, they are called “provinces” or “federated units” of the sovereign Indian State.

In-Text Q4

What were the differences between the 1935 act…


📝 Question:

What were the differences between the 1935 act and the constitution of independent India? What was the reason for these differences?

💡 Solution:

Differences**

  1. Franchise: The 1935 Act granted voting rights to only 10 percent of the population, whereas the Constitution granted universal adult franchise to all citizens aged 21 and above.
  2. Communal Representation: The 1935 Act provided separate electorates based on religion, whereas the Constitution abolished separate religious electorates.
  3. Sovereignty: Under the 1935 Act, the British Viceroy and Governors retained overriding veto powers over elected assemblies; the Constitution established complete popular sovereignty without foreign interference.
  • Reasons: The 1935 Act was enacted by the foreign British Parliament to preserve colonial control, whereas the Constitution was drafted by Indian representatives to establish a sovereign, democratic republic based on equality.

In-Text Q5

Do you think an assembly house that was…


📝 Question:

Do you think an assembly house that was not elected by universal franchise can represent the aspirations and needs of India’s diverse population?

💡 Solution:

While an directly elected assembly based on universal franchise is ideal, the Constituent Assembly indirectly elected by provincial assemblies successfully reflected the aspirations of India’s population. This was achieved because its members represented diverse political ideologies, religions, regions, and communities, and they actively solicited public feedback, published questionnaires in newspapers, and incorporated thousands of public suggestions.

In-Text Q6

What should such an assembly have done to…


📝 Question:

What should such an assembly have done to get to know the opinion and aspirations of India’s diverse population?

💡 Solution:

To gather public opinion, the assembly should have

  1. Published draft proposals and questionnaires in newspapers in regional languages.
  2. Invited written memorandums, letters, and petitions from public forums, trade unions, peasant associations, and minority groups.
  3. Conducted public debates and consultations at local levels to engage illiterate and marginalized citizens.

In-Text Q7

The constituent assembly was not elected by universal…


📝 Question:

The constituent assembly was not elected by universal franchise. Its representatives were elected by legislators who were elected by 10 percent of the people. So do you think it was proper to use the phrase ‘We the people’?

💡 Solution:

Yes, using the phrase “We the people” was proper. Although the assembly was elected indirectly due to time constraints during partition and independence, the constitution was drafted to express the collective national will of all citizens. The members acted as trustees of the nation, incorporated public feedback, and established ultimate sovereign authority in the people of India.

In-Text Q8

What methods did the constituent assembly use to…


📝 Question:

What methods did the constituent assembly use to ensure that all the Indian people participated in drafting the constitution?

💡 Solution:

The Constituent Assembly used several transparent methods

  1. Public Questionnaires: Sub-committees published questionnaires in newspapers seeking views on fundamental rights and minority protection.
  2. Public Memorandums: Thousands of citizens, organizations, and groups sent letters and memorandums detailing their opinions.
  3. Widespread Dissemination: Drafts were printed in Hindi and regional languages, and debates were published in newspapers for public discussion.

In-Text Q9

Which of the following are sovereign Explain with…


📝 Question:

Which of the following are sovereign? Explain with reasons: Parliament, Supreme Court, prime minister, president, the people of India, Chhattisgarh’s Vidhan Sabha, chief minister

💡 Solution:

The People of India: Sovereign**. The ultimate authority and source of all constitutional power lies with the people.

  • Parliament, Supreme Court, President, Prime Minister, Chhattisgarh’s Vidhan Sabha, Chief Minister: Not sovereign. They derive their powers from the Constitution created by the people and must operate strictly within constitutional limits.

Q12

Among the following which are close to the…


📝 Question:

Among the following, which are close to the idea of ‘socialist’ and which are not: Indian railways, Kallulal & Champalal mining company, MNREGA, government hospital, Golgappa International school, cooperative committee for silk production, equal wages for men and women

💡 Solution:

Close to ‘Socialist’**

  1. Indian Railways (state-owned public utility).
  2. MNREGA (state-backed welfare employment scheme).
  3. Government Hospital (free/affordable public healthcare).
  4. Cooperative committee for silk production (collective resource ownership).
  5. Equal wages for men and women (eliminating economic discrimination).
  • Not Close to ‘Socialist’ (Capitalist/Private)
  1. Kallulal & Champalal Mining Company (private profit enterprise).
  2. Golgappa International School (private commercial education).

Q13

Which among the following would you say is…


📝 Question:

Which among the following would you say is not secular? 1. Organising religious rituals in a government office. 2. Enacting laws to eliminate the practice of sati and untouchability. 3. Enacting a law to ensure that the president belongs to a particular religion. 4. Prohibiting religious processions in the city. 5. Providing equal opportunity for all in government employment. 6. Organising all-religion prayers in government offices. 7. Studying all religions. 8. Refusing to rent accommodation to people of any particular religion. 9. Considering one’s own religion as superior to other religions. 10. Faithfully observing one’s religion. 11. Being friendly with people of all religions

💡 Solution:

Not Secular**

  • Point 1 (Rituals in govt office).
  • Point 3 (Reserving President’s post for a specific religion).
  • Point 8 (Housing discrimination based on religion).
  • Point 9 (Claiming religious superiority).
  • Secular: Points 2, 4 (for public peace/health), 5, 6, 7, 10, and 11.

In-Text Q12

For many years in Burma the army chief…


📝 Question:

For many years in Burma, the army chief automatically became the president. Was this democratic? Was Burma a republic?

💡 Solution:

Democratic?**: No, it was not democratic because the president was not elected by the people through free elections and universal adult franchise.

  • Republic?: No, it was not a genuine republic because power was seized by military decree rather than derived from an open constitutional electoral process.

Q15

Case Scenarios on Justice Pages 167 168 Case…


📝 Question:

Case Scenarios on Justice (Pages 167 – 168) Case 1 (Munna)*: Munna is an adivasi boy who wants to become a pilot. But there are no facilities in the place where he lives to get the education to qualify as a pilot so he has to go to a distant city to obtain such education. But Munna does not have the required finances. Is this a just situation?

💡 Solution:

No, this is not a just situation. Social and economic justice requires the state to provide equal opportunity and financial support to marginalized citizens so that poverty does not prevent them from realizing their potential.

No, this is not a just situation. Pressuring a woman to quit her career solely due to gender roles violates social justice and gender equality guaranteed by the Constitution.

No, this is not a just situation. Denying employment to someone based on their peaceful political or economic beliefs violates their fundamental freedom of thought and expression.

Q16

Case Scenarios on Freedom Page 168 Scenario 1…


📝 Question:

Case Scenarios on Freedom (Page 168) Scenario 1*: In Chhattisgarh, 40 percent of women are illiterate. How does this influence their freedom?

💡 Solution:

Illiteracy severely restricts freedom because illiterate women cannot easily access written information, understand their legal rights, make independent economic choices, or participate fully in democratic governance.

No, this is not a violation of freedom of expression. Freedom of expression can be subject to reasonable restrictions to protect public health, peace, and the rights of other citizens against noise pollution at night.

Q17

Case Scenarios on Equality Pages 168 169 Case…


📝 Question:

Case Scenarios on Equality (Pages 168 – 169) Case 1 (Mina & Maheshji)*: Mina was the most educated woman in her village and hence she enjoyed high status in the village. But the villagers decided to make Maheshji the chairman of the village school education committee because he belonged to a gauntiya family. Think about it: Is this against constitutional values?

💡 Solution:

Yes, this is against constitutional values. Selecting a person based on feudal lineage (gauntiya family) rather than merit and education violates equality of status and opportunity.

Yes, this is against constitutional values. Denying a qualified person employment solely on the grounds of physical disability violates equality of opportunity and human dignity guaranteed by the Constitution.

Question 1

What are the main themes that have been…


📝 Question:

What are the main themes that have been included in the constitution?

💡 Solution:

The main themes included in the Indian Constitution are

  1. Structure and Governance: Defining the organs of government (Legislature, Executive, Judiciary) and federal division of power.
  2. Fundamental Rights and Liberties: Guaranteeing freedom of expression, equality before law, religious freedom, and protection against discrimination.
  3. Basic Principles in Preamble: Declaring India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.
  4. Directive Principles and Welfare Goals: Directing the state to establish a just society, eliminate socio-economic inequality, and protect minorities.

Question 2

Why is it important for the constitution to…


📝 Question:

Why is it important for the constitution to specify who has the right to make laws for the country and the process to make these laws?

💡 Solution:

It is important because

  1. Prevents Arbitrary Rule: It ensures that laws are made according to established rules and not according to the whims of any ruler.
  2. Defines Powers and Limits: It clearly demarcates the legislative boundaries of the Union and State governments.
  3. Ensures Democratic Legitimacy: It establishes that laws must be passed by elected representatives who are accountable to the public.

Question 3

What are the similarities and differences between the…


📝 Question:

What are the similarities and differences between the constitution drafting process in India and Nepal?

💡 Solution:

Similarities**

  1. Both countries formed a Constituent Assembly to draft their constitutions.
  2. Both held extensive public consultations to incorporate the views of diverse communities.
  3. Both aimed to establish a democratic republic replacing non-democratic control.
  • Differences
  1. Context: India drafted its constitution after gaining freedom from British colonial rule in 1947, whereas Nepal drafted its new constitution in 2015 after abolishing its feudal monarchy in 2008.
  2. Time Taken: India took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days (1946-1949), whereas Nepal’s process took several years across multiple assemblies (2008-2015).

Question 4

To what extent do you think the way…


📝 Question:

To what extent do you think the way in which the constituent assembly was convened was democratic?

💡 Solution:

The Constituent Assembly was convened through indirect election by provincial assemblies elected under the 1935 Act. Although it was not directly elected by universal adult franchise due to partition and time constraints, it functioned in a deeply democratic manner because its members represented all major regions, political streams, and communities. It debated every clause extensively, published draft proposals in newspapers, invited public feedback, and adopted decisions through consensus.

Question 5

What steps did the constituent assembly take to…


📝 Question:

What steps did the constituent assembly take to strengthen people’s participation?

💡 Solution:

The Constituent Assembly took the following steps

  1. Public Questionnaires: Committees published questionnaires in newspapers asking citizens for their views on fundamental rights and minorities.
  2. Inviting Memorandums: Citizens and public associations sent thousands of written letters and memorandums expressing their expectations.
  3. Multilingual Translations: Draft constitutions were translated into Hindi and regional languages for wider public reading and feedback.

Question 6

What is the importance of the preamble to…


📝 Question:

What is the importance of the preamble to the constitution in our lives?

💡 Solution:

The Preamble is important because

  1. Summary of Core Values: It serves as a synopsis of our national ideals – Sovereignty, Socialism, Secularism, Democracy, and Republicanism.
  2. Guarantees Rights: It pledges to secure Social, Economic, and Political Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity for every citizen.
  3. Guiding Light: It provides the moral foundation and direction for the government to make laws and for citizens to protect their rights.

Question 7

Which of the basic principles listed in the…


📝 Question:

Which of the basic principles listed in the constitution do you feel is the most important? Explain with reasons

💡 Solution:

While all principles are vital, “Sovereignty” combined with “Social, Economic, and Political Justice” can be considered the most fundamental. Sovereignty ensures that India is completely free from foreign interference to determine its own destiny. Social, economic, and political justice ensures that freedom is meaningful for every citizen by eliminating inequality, poverty, and discrimination.

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