DAV Class 8 Social Science Notes (2026-27): All 22 Chapters Quick Revision & Important Questions

Looking for quick, easy, and authentic revision notes for DAV Class 8 Social Science? Here is the complete chapter-by-chapter revision guide covering all 22 chapters of the official DAV CMC textbook We and Our World. Whether you are preparing for periodic tests, half-yearly exams, or the DAV Board annual examination, these notes break down complex historical events, geographical concepts, and constitutional laws into crystal-clear bullet points, key terms, and high-scoring exam points.

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Part 1: Geography — Resources & Development (Chapters 1 to 7)

Chapter 1: Resources: Utilisation and Development

Core Concept: Anything on Earth that satisfies human needs and possesses utility is called a Resource. A substance becomes a resource only when humans discover its utility and have the technology to exploit it.

• Classification of Resources:
  • On the basis of origin: Biotic (living things like plants, animals, forests) and Abiotic (non-living things like rocks, minerals, water).
  • On the basis of renewability: Renewable (replenished naturally like solar energy, wind, water) and Non-Renewable (finite reserves like coal, petroleum, natural gas).
  • On the basis of development: Potential (exist in a region but not fully utilized due to lack of technology or capital) and Actual/Developed (surveyed, quantified, and currently in use).
• Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It requires the 3 R’s: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.

📖 View Chapter 1 Complete Textbook Solutions (Tick, Fill, Match, Short & Long Q&A) ➔

Chapter 2: Natural Resources: Land, Soil, and Water

Core Concept: Land, soil, and water are the primary natural resources sustaining all terrestrial life.

• Land Use & Conservation: Land is utilized for agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, and roads. Conservation methods include afforestation, regulated use of chemical fertilizers, and land reclamation.
• Soil Formation & Profile: Soil is formed by the weathering of rocks over thousands of years. Factors affecting soil formation: parent rock, climate, relief, flora/fauna, and time.
  • Alluvial Soil: Formed by river deposits; highly fertile; found in Northern Plains and coastal deltas.
  • Black Soil (Regur): Formed from volcanic lava rocks; moisture-retentive; ideal for cotton cultivation (Deccan Plateau).
  • Red & Yellow Soil: Rich in iron; porous and sandy; found in low rainfall areas of Deccan.
  • Laterite Soil: Formed due to intense leaching under heavy rainfall; suitable for tea, coffee, and cashew nuts.
• Soil Conservation Techniques: Contour ploughing, terrace farming, shelter belts, mulching, and constructing check dams.
• Water Scarcity & Rainwater Harvesting: Only 1% of Earth’s fresh water is readily available for human use. Rainwater harvesting collects rooftop runoff to recharge groundwater reserves.

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Chapter 3: Natural Resources: Vegetation and Wildlife

Core Concept: Natural vegetation and wildlife exist exclusively in the narrow zone of contact called the Biosphere.

• Major Forest Types:
  • Tropical Evergreen Forests (Rainforests): Dense canopy, heavy rainfall year-round, trees do not shed leaves simultaneously (Ebony, Mahogany, Rosewood).
  • Tropical Deciduous Forests (Monsoon Forests): Shed leaves during dry season (6–8 weeks) to conserve moisture (Teak, Sal, Shisham).
  • Temperate Evergreen & Deciduous Forests: Found in mid-latitudes (Oak, Pine, Eucalyptus).
  • Coniferous Forests (Taiga): Softwood evergreen trees with needle-shaped leaves (Pine, Cedar, Spruce, Silver Fir).
• Wildlife Protection: National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Biosphere Reserves. CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement to ensure international trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.

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Chapter 4: Mineral and Energy Resources

Core Concept: Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition and physical properties.

• Classification of Minerals:
  • Metallic Minerals: Ferrous (contain iron, e.g., iron ore, manganese, chromite) and Non-Ferrous (do not contain iron, e.g., copper, bauxite, gold, silver).
  • Non-Metallic Minerals: Do not contain metals (limestone, mica, gypsum, coal, petroleum).
• Energy Resources:
  • Conventional: Coal (fossil fuel, black gold), Petroleum (liquid crude extracted by drilling), Natural Gas (cleanest fossil fuel, CNG), Hydel Power (electricity generated from falling water).
  • Non-Conventional: Solar energy, Wind energy, Nuclear power (using uranium/thorium), Geothermal energy, Biogas, and Tidal energy.

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Chapter 5: Agriculture

Core Concept: Agriculture is a primary activity that includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers, and rearing livestock.

• Types of Farming:
  • Subsistence Farming: Practiced to meet family needs; small landholdings, low level of technology. Includes Shifting Cultivation (slash and burn / Jhumming) and Nomadic Herding.
  • Commercial Farming: Crops grown and animals reared for sale in the market. Includes Commercial Grain Farming, Mixed Farming, and Plantation Agriculture (single cash crop like tea, coffee, rubber grown on large estates).
• Major Crops & Growing Conditions:
  • Rice: High temperature (>25°C), high humidity, rainfall >100 cm, alluvial clayey soil. Leading producer: China, followed by India.
  • Wheat: Moderate temperature and rainfall during growing season, bright sunshine at harvest, well-drained loamy soil.
  • Cotton: High temperature, light rainfall, 210 frost-free days, bright sunshine, black soil.

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Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries

Core Concept: Manufacturing is a secondary activity that transforms raw materials into valuable finished goods on a large scale.

• Classification of Industries:
  • Raw Materials: Agro-based, Mineral-based, Marine-based, Forest-based.
  • Size: Cottage/Household, Small-Scale, Large-Scale.
  • Ownership: Public Sector (BHEL, SAIL), Private Sector (TISCO, Reliance), Joint Sector (Maruti Udyog), Co-operative Sector (AMUL, Sudha Dairy).
• Industrial Systems: Inputs (raw material, labor, land, power) → Processes (conversion activities) → Outputs (finished product and earned profits).
• Key Industrial Regions: Great Lakes region of North America, Western and Central Europe, Eastern Asia, and in India: Mumbai-Pune cluster, Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region, Hugli region.

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Chapter 7: Human Resources

Core Concept: People are a nation’s greatest resource. Nature’s bounty becomes significant only when skilled and educated people exploit it.

• Population Distribution: Uneven distribution across the globe. Over 90% of the world’s population lives in about 30% of the land area. Factors influencing distribution: Topography, Climate, Soil, Water, Minerals, and Socio-economic factors.
• Population Density: Number of persons living in per unit area of the Earth’s surface (average density of India is over 382 persons per sq km).
• Components of Population Change:
  • Birth Rate (BR): Number of live births per 1,000 people.
  • Death Rate (DR): Number of deaths per 1,000 people.
  • Natural Growth Rate: Difference between Birth Rate and Death Rate.
  • Migration: Movement of people into (Immigration) or out of (Emigration) a territory.
• Population Pyramid (Age-Sex Pyramid): Visual representation showing the proportion of males and females across various age cohorts. A broad base indicates high birth rates; a narrow apex indicates death rates at older ages.

📖 View Chapter 7 Complete Textbook Solutions ➔

Part 2: History — Our Pasts (Chapters 8 to 15)

Chapter 8: The Modern Period

Core Concept: The Modern Period in India began in the mid-18th century following the decline of the Mughal Empire and the rise of British colonial power.

• Sources of Information for Modern Indian History:
  • Official Records & Archives: British administrative documents, survey reports, treaties, preserved in the National Archives of India (New Delhi).
  • Survey Reports: Detailed revenue, topographical, botanical, and archaeological surveys.
  • Indigenous Records: Newspapers, journals (like Kesari, Amrita Bazar Patrika), autobiographies, novels, letters, and pamphlets written by Indian reformers and freedom fighters.
• Colonialism: The practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

📖 View Chapter 8 Complete Textbook Solutions ➔

Chapter 9: Establishment of Company Rule in India

Core Concept: The English East India Company transitioned from a purely commercial trading entity into an aggressive territorial power in India.

• Key Historical Turning Points:
  • Charter of 1600: Queen Elizabeth I granted EIC the exclusive monopoly of trade in the East.
  • Battle of Plassey (1757): Robert Clive defeated Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal due to the betrayal of Mir Jafar. Marked the foundation of British rule.
  • Battle of Buxar (1764): Hector Munro defeated the combined forces of Mir Qasim (Bengal), Shuja-ud-Daulah (Awadh), and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.
  • Treaty of Allahabad (1765): British secured the Diwani Rights (right to collect land revenue) of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
• Instruments of British Annexation:
  • Subsidiary Alliance: Introduced by Lord Wellesley. Indian rulers had to disband their own army and maintain British troops at their own expense; a British Resident was posted in their court. First state to accept: Nizam of Hyderabad.
  • Doctrine of Lapse: Introduced by Lord Dalhousie. If an Indian ruler died without a natural male heir, his kingdom was annexed to British India. Annexed states: Satara, Sambalpur, Jhansi, Nagpur. Awadh was annexed in 1856 on charges of “misgovernance”.

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Chapter 10: Colonialism: Rural and Tribal Societies

Core Concept: British agrarian and forest policies shattered India’s self-sufficient village economy and provoked massive tribal uprisings.

• Three British Land Revenue Systems:
  • Permanent Settlement (1793): Introduced by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. Landlords (Zamindars) were made hereditary owners; revenue payable to the Company was fixed permanently. Peasants were reduced to tenants with no land rights.
  • Ryotwari System: Introduced by Thomas Munro in Madras and Bombay Presidencies. Revenue was settled directly with the cultivators (Ryots); revised periodically every 20–30 years.
  • Mahalwari System: Introduced by Holt Mackenzie in Northwestern Provinces and Punjab. Revenue was collected from the entire village community (Mahal) through the village headman (Talukdar).
• Commercialisation of Agriculture: British forced farmers to cultivate commercial crops like Indigo, Opium, Cotton, and Jute for British factories instead of food grains, causing devastating famines.
• Tribal Rebellions: The British declared forests as state property, restricted shifting cultivation, and allowed moneylenders (Dikus) to exploit tribals.
  • Santhal Rebellion (1855): Led by Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu in Rajmahal Hills against moneylenders and British officials.
  • Birsa Munda Movement: Led the ‘Ulgulan’ (Great Tumult) in Chhotanagpur against British forest laws and missionary interference; aimed to establish Munda Raj.

📖 View Chapter 10 Complete Textbook Solutions ➔

Chapter 11: The First War of Independence – 1857

Core Concept: The Revolt of 1857 was the first major organized rebellion against British rule in India, uniting sepoys, rulers, peasants, and artisans.

• Underlying Causes:
  • Political: Doctrine of Lapse, annexation of Awadh (1856), disrespect shown to Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar.
  • Economic: Ruin of handicrafts by cheap machine-made British goods, heavy land revenue assessments, eviction of peasants.
  • Social & Religious: Fear of conversion by Christian missionaries, abolition of Sati, introduction of Western education.
  • Military: Low salaries, discrimination against Indian soldiers, General Service Enlistment Act (compelling overseas service, which orthodox Hindus believed broke caste).
• Immediate Cause: The introduction of the Enfield Rifle. Sepoys had to bite off the greased cartridge paper, which was rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat (sacrilegious to Hindus and Muslims). Mangal Pandey revolted at Barrackpore on March 29, 1857.
• Key Leaders and Centres:
  • Delhi: Bahadur Shah Zafar (titular) and General Bakht Khan.
  • Kanpur: Nana Saheb and Tantia Tope.
  • Lucknow: Begum Hazrat Mahal and her son Birjis Qadr.
  • Jhansi: Rani Lakshmibai (“Khoob ladi mardani woh toh Jhansi wali rani thi”).
  • Arrah (Bihar): Kunwar Singh.
• Results of the Revolt: Government of India Act 1858 passed; Company rule ended; British Crown took direct control; Queen Victoria’s Proclamation promised religious neutrality and no further annexation; Governor-General was given the title of Viceroy.

📖 View Chapter 11 Complete Textbook Solutions ➔

Chapter 12: Impact of British Rule on India

Core Concept: British rule created structural changes in Indian education, social customs, and economic life, triggering the 19th-century Indian Renaissance.

• Education Policy:
  • Orientalists vs Anglicists: Orientalists favored traditional Sanskrit and Persian learning; Anglicists (led by Lord Macaulay) demanded English-medium Western education.
  • Macaulay’s Minute (1835): English became the official language and medium of higher education. Aim: create “a class of persons Indian in blood and color, but English in taste, opinions, morals, and intellect”.
  • Wood’s Despatch (1854): Known as the ‘Magna Carta of English Education in India’. Recommended universities at Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, and grants-in-aid to private schools.
• Socio-Religious Reform Movements & DAV Movement:
  • Raja Ram Mohan Roy: Brahmo Samaj (1828), crusade against Sati (banned in 1829).
  • Swami Dayanand Saraswati: Founded Arya Samaj (1875), gave the call “Go back to the Vedas”, opposed idol worship and caste hierarchy, authored Satyarth Prakash.
  • The DAV Movement: Established in 1886 at Lahore in memory of Swami Dayanand Saraswati by Mahatma Hansraj, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Pandit Gurudatta Vidyarthi. Combined ancient Vedic values with modern scientific English education.
  • Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: Championed Widow Remarriage Act (1856) and girls’ education.
  • Jyotirao Phule: Founded Satyashodhak Samaj; worked tirelessly for women and lower-caste upliftment.

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Chapter 13: Colonialism and Urban Change

Core Concept: British administrative and trade interests transformed Indian cities through de-urbanisation of traditional craft hubs and the planned growth of imperial capitals.

• De-urbanisation: Historic textile and artisan capitals like Surat, Murshidabad, and Machilipatnam declined as British mill-made cloth destroyed Indian craftsmanship.
• Growth of Presidency Cities: Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras emerged as primary ports and administrative headquarters. Developed separate ‘White Towns’ (spacious, sanitised cantonments) and ‘Black Towns’ (congested native quarters).
• Making of New Delhi: In 1911, King George V announced the shifting of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi. Architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker designed New Delhi with wide avenues, Rashtrapati Bhavan (Viceroy’s House), Parliament House, and India Gate over a 20-year construction period.

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Chapter 14: The Nationalist Movement (1870 to 1947)

Core Concept: The unified struggle of the Indian people to throw off British colonial rule through political mobilization, satyagraha, and revolutionary resistance.

• Formation of Indian National Congress (1885): Founded by retired civil servant A.O. Hume. First session held at Bombay (Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College) presided over by W.C. Bonnerjee with 72 delegates.
• Moderates vs Radicals:
  • Moderates (1885–1905): Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Pherozeshah Mehta. Used constitutional methods: Petitions, Prayers, and Protests (3 P’s). Dadabhai Naoroji formulated the ‘Drain of Wealth’ theory.
  • Radicals/Extremists (1905–1919): Lal-Bal-Pal (Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal). Tilak declared: “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!”.
• Partition of Bengal (1905): Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal on communal lines. Led to the Swadeshi and Boycott Movements.
• Gandhian Era of Mass Mobilisation:
  • Rowlatt Act (1919) & Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: General Dyer opened fire on peaceful gathering at Amritsar on April 13, 1919. Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood.
  • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922): Boycott of foreign goods, courts, and schools; suspended following the violent Chauri Chaura incident (Feb 1922).
  • Civil Disobedience Movement (1930): Began with Gandhiji’s historic Dandi March (March 12 – April 6, 1930) to break the Salt Law.
  • Quit India Movement (1942): Launched on August 8, 1942, with Gandhiji’s call: “Do or Die” (Karo ya Maro).
• Subhas Chandra Bose & INA: Azad Hind Fauj reconstituted by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose with the war cry “Delhi Chalo” and “Jai Hind”.

📖 View Chapter 14 Complete Textbook Solutions ➔

Chapter 15: India Marches Ahead

Core Concept: The challenges faced by newly independent India, including refugee rehabilitation, integration of princely states, and planning for socio-economic development.

• Immediate Challenges After August 15, 1947:
  • Rehabilitating nearly 8 million refugees from West and East Pakistan.
  • Integration of 565 Princely States successfully accomplished by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Iron Man of India) through the Instrument of Accession (notably Hyderabad, Junagadh, and Kashmir).
  • Linguistic Reorganisation of States following Potti Sreeramulu’s 58-day fast; Andhra Pradesh became the first linguistic state in 1953; States Reorganisation Act passed in 1956.
• Economic Planning & Foreign Policy:
  • Establishment of the Planning Commission (1950) and Five-Year Plans focusing on heavy industries (Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur) and major multipurpose dams (Bhakra Nangal, Hirakud).
  • Non-Aligned Movement (NAM): Initiated by Jawaharlal Nehru, Josip Broz Tito, and Gamal Abdel Nasser to stay independent from the Cold War superpowers (USA and USSR).
  • Panchsheel: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence signed between India and China in 1954.

📖 View Chapter 15 Complete Textbook Solutions ➔

Part 3: Civics — Our Constitution & Governance (Chapters 16 to 22)

Chapter 16: Our Constitution

Core Concept: The Constitution is the supreme law of the land, laying down the fundamental principles, powers, and duties of the government and the rights of citizens.

• Making of the Constitution: Drafted by the Constituent Assembly. President: Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Chairman of Drafting Committee: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Father of the Indian Constitution). Completed in 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days; adopted on November 26, 1949; came into force on January 26, 1950 (celebrated as Republic Day).
• The Preamble: The introductory soul of the Constitution declaring India to be a:
  • Sovereign: Free from external control.
  • Socialist: Commitment to end socio-economic inequalities.
  • Secular: Equal respect for all religions; no state religion.
  • Democratic: Government elected by the people.
  • Republic: Head of the state (President) is elected, not hereditary.

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Chapter 17: Fundamental Rights, Duties and Directive Principles

Core Concept: The Constitution guarantees essential human freedoms to all citizens and outlines state goals for socio-economic welfare.

• Six Fundamental Rights (Part III):
  1. Right to Equality (Articles 14–18): Equality before the law; prohibition of discrimination; abolition of untouchability (Art 17) and titles.
  2. Right to Freedom (Articles 19–22): Freedom of speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession; Right to Education (Art 21A).
  3. Right against Exploitation (Articles 23–24): Bans human trafficking, forced labor (begar), and child labor under age 14 in hazardous industries.
  4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25–28): Freedom to profess, practice, and propagate any religion.
  5. Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29–30): Protects minority language, script, and institutions.
  6. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32): Called the “Heart and Soul of the Constitution” by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Citizens can petition the High Court or Supreme Court to issue writs (Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo-Warranto, Certiorari) if rights are violated.
• Fundamental Duties (Part IVA, Art 51A): Added by the 42nd Amendment (1976); 11 duties including respecting the National Flag and Anthem, safeguarding public property, and protecting the environment.
• Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV): Guidelines borrowed from the Irish Constitution to create a welfare state; non-justiciable (cannot be enforced by courts).

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Chapter 18: The Union Government: The Legislature

Core Concept: India has a bicameral federal Parliament (Sansad) comprising the President and two Houses: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

• Lok Sabha (House of the People / Lower House):
  • Maximum strength: 552 members. Term: 5 years (can be dissolved earlier).
  • Presided over by the Speaker. Direct universal adult franchise.
  • Exclusive power: Money Bills can originate only in the Lok Sabha.
• Rajya Sabha (Council of States / Upper House):
  • Maximum strength: 250 members (238 elected by state assemblies, 12 nominated by the President for literature, science, art, social service).
  • Permanent house; never dissolved. One-third of members retire every 2 years; each member has a 6-year term.
  • Ex-officio Chairman: Vice-President of India.
• How a Bill Becomes an Act: Introduction → First Reading → Committee Stage → Second Reading → Third Reading → Sent to other House → Presidential Assent.

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Chapter 19: The Union Government: The Executive

Core Concept: The Union Executive executes and enforces the laws passed by Parliament. Comprises the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers.

• The President of India:
  • Constitutional / Nominal Head of the State. Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
  • Elected indirectly by an Electoral College consisting of elected members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabhas). Term: 5 years.
  • Powers: Executive appointments, legislative assent, emergency powers (National, State, Financial), and pardoning powers.
• The Prime Minister & Council of Ministers:
  • Real executive head of the government. Leader of the majority party in Lok Sabha.
  • Acts as the primary link between the President and the Cabinet.
  • Collective Responsibility: The Council of Ministers swims and sinks together; if a No-Confidence Motion is passed in Lok Sabha, the entire ministry must resign.

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Chapter 20: The Union Government: The Judiciary

Core Concept: An independent and integrated judicial system protects citizens’ rights, interprets the Constitution, and upholds the rule of law.

• Hierarchical Structure of Courts:
  1. Supreme Court of India (Apex Court): Located in New Delhi; headed by the Chief Justice of India (CJI). Retiring age: 65 years. Its decisions are binding on all courts across India.
  2. High Courts: Highest judicial body at the state level. Retiring age: 62 years.
  3. Subordinate Courts: District Courts, Session Courts, Sub-judge Courts, Munsif Courts.
• Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court:
  • Original Jurisdiction: Disputes between Centre and States, or between two or more States.
  • Appellate Jurisdiction: Appeals against judgments of High Courts in civil, criminal, and constitutional cases.
  • Advisory Jurisdiction: Advises the President on questions of law.
• Public Interest Litigation (PIL): Introduced by Justice P.N. Bhagwati; allows any citizen or NGO to file a petition on behalf of underprivileged groups whose rights are violated.
• Lok Adalats: People’s courts providing speedy, cost-effective justice without lengthy court procedures.

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Chapter 21: Social Justice and the Marginalised

Core Concept: Marginalisation occurs when specific social groups are pushed to the margins of society, denied equal economic opportunities, and excluded from the mainstream.

• Marginalised Communities in India:
  • Scheduled Castes (Dalits): Historically subjected to untouchability, social exclusion, and economic deprivation.
  • Scheduled Tribes (Adivasis): Original inhabitants living in close connection with forests; facing displacement due to mining, dams, and deforestation.
  • Other Backward Classes (OBCs): Socially and educationally disadvantaged groups identified by the Mandal Commission.
  • Religious Minorities: Need special constitutional safeguards to protect their distinct language, culture, and religious practices.
• Social Justice Measures: Reservation policy in educational institutions and public employment, scholarships, hostels, and subsidized loans.

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Chapter 22: Safeguarding the Marginalised

Core Concept: Legislative acts, institutional commissions, and welfare policies enacted by the state to protect marginalised communities against violence, exploitation, and discrimination.

• Key Protective Legislations:
  • The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989: Stringent penalties against crimes, public humiliation, dispossession of land, and physical atrocities against SC/ST individuals.
  • Abolition of Untouchability (Article 17): Practicing untouchability in any form is a punishable offence under the Protection of Civil Rights Act.
  • Manual Scavenging Prohibition Act: Prohibits employing individuals to manually clean, carry, or dispose of human excreta from dry latrines.
• Statutory National Commissions:
  • National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
  • National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
  • National Commission for Minorities (NCM)
  • National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)

📖 View Chapter 22 Complete Textbook Solutions ➔

High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions for DAV Board Exams

Here are high-frequency analytical questions that regularly appear in the 3-mark and 5-mark sections of DAV Class 8 Social Science Board Examinations:

DAV Class 8 Social Science Map Skills Master Checklist

Map questions carry 4 to 5 compulsory marks in the DAV Board SST paper. Here is the checklist of locations you must practice on political maps of India and the World:

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